Samples -

Business Analytics
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. Given a dataset with missing values, apply appropriate data treatment techniques to
handle the missing data. Justify your choice of method based on the nature of the dataset.
Additionally, analyze a real-world scenario where missing data impacts decision-making,
and implement suitable imputation methods to improve data quality
Student_I D
Math_Scor e English_Scor e Attendance
(%)
Name
Age
Gender
101
Aarav
20
F
85
88
95
102
Bhavya 21
M
78
88
103
Charan 22
M
82
92
104
Deepak
M
92
91
105
Esha
20
F
88
85
97
106
Farhan 21
76
79
85
107
Gauri
F
80
86
90
108
Harshita 22
F
90
93
109
Ishan
23
M
90
89
110
Jyoti
20
F
84
87
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Common across many fields, including business analytics, healthcare, finance, and education,
missing data is a challenge. Missing important information could cause erroneous analysis,
biassed findings, and bad decision-making. In research, predictive modeling, and strategic
planning as well as in data completeness is crucial to guarantee dependability. Data input
mistakes, system faults, or respondents not giving all the information can all cause missing
values. The kind of the dataset and the importance of the missing values will determine how
missing data are handled. Good imputation techniques enable the integrity of the dataset to be
restored, therefore guaranteeing correct analysis and significant discoveries. We shall go over
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Q2A. A pharmaceutical company is testing a new drug for reducing blood pressure. They
conduct a clinical trial with two groups: one receiving the drug and the other receiving a
placebo. The blood pressure levels are recorded before and after the trial.
1. Analyse the components of a two-sample hypothesis test and determine why it is
appropriate or not for this study. (1 Mark)
2. Given that the obtained p-value is 0.08, break down the decision-making process for
rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis at a 5% significance level. (1 Mark)
3. Examine the potential risks associated with Type I and Type II errors in this study and
discuss how they could affect the interpretation of results. (1 Mark)
4. The company wants to check whether the drug’s effectiveness varies across different
age groups (e.g., 30-40, 41-50, 51-60). Analyse whether the Chi- square test of
independence is an appropriate test in this scenario. (1 Mark)
5. Differentiate between the Chi-square Goodness of Fit test and the Chi-square test of
independence, and analyse how each applies to different types of pharmaceutical studies.
(1 Mark) (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Clinical trials are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of new drugs. A pharmaceutical
company is testing a drug for reducing blood pressure, comparing it with a placebo. Statistical
analysis, including hypothesis testing, helps determine if the drug has a significant effect. This
study examines hypothesis testing, decision-making based on p-values, error risks, and a
Q2B. A company wants to predict sales based on advertising expenses using a simple
linear regression model. The dataset for 5 months is given below:
Month
Advertising Expense (X
in Rs 1000s)
Actual Sales (Y in
Rs 1000s)
Predicted Sales ( in
Rs 1000s)
1
2
4
3.8
2
3
5
5.2
3
5
7
6.9
4
7
10
9.5
5
9
12
11.7
1. Formulate the simple linear regression equation based on the given data.
2. Determine the regression coefficients (: Intercept : Slope) and interpret their impact
on sales.
3. Derive insights from the regression equation, understanding the baseline performance
and the impact of advertising expenses on sales.
4. Suggest recommendations based on findings, highlighting the effectiveness of
advertising expenses.
Instructions:
– Use Excel to compute the regression equation, coefficients, and R² value.
– Paste the Excel output with formulas to demonstrate calculations.
– Insights should be based on data from Excel analysis (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Advertising plays a crucial role in driving sales, and companies use predictive models to
understand its impact. A simple linear regression model helps determine the relationship
between advertising expenses and actual sales. Using a dataset covering five months, this
analysis formulates the regression equation, determines regression coefficients, interprets their
Cost & Management Accounting
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. ABC Manufacturing Ltd. produces a single product and operates a factory where
both direct labor costs and overhead costs are incurred. The company provides the
following data for February:
– Labour Costing Data: Total direct wages paid: Rs.50,000
Number of direct labor hours worked: 10,000 hours
Overtime premium included in wages: $2,000
Employer’s contribution to benefits (social security, insurance, etc.): 10% of direct wages
– Overhead Costing Data: Total factory overhead costs: $40,000
Overheads are absorbed based on direct labor hours
Required:
1. Calculate the total direct labor cost, considering the employer’s contribution.
2. Compute the direct labor cost per hour.
3. Determine the overhead absorption rate per labor hour.
4. If a job requires 50 labor hours, calculate the total labor and overhead cost assigned to
the job. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Crucially important for corporate operations, cost and management accounting offers financial
insights enabling companies to effectively control expenses and make wise decisions.
Tracking, evaluating, and managing production, labor, and overhead expenses forms its main
emphasis. In manufacturing sectors especially, where profitability depends on knowledge of
direct labor costs, overhead absorption, and cost allocation, cost accounting is clearly
important. This project investigates ABC Manufacturing Ltd.’s cost structure—a business
running a single product plant. Examining job costing, overhead absorption, and labor expenses
helps us to practically see how cost accounting ideas work in the real world. The need of proper
cost allocation for efficient operational performance and financial decision-making is
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Q2A. Elaborate on the implementation of a Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory system impact
the material cost control process in a manufacturing company and explain its importance.
(5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
The Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory system significantly reduces inventory holding costs and
boosts industrial productivity. Guaranteeing that goods are bought and received when needed
for manufacture reduces waste by eliminating surplus inventory. Businesses may optimise
working capital, streamline supply chains, and boost productivity via JIT. Since JIT reduces
carrying costs, eliminates obsolescence, and promotes lean manufacturing, it controls material
costs and waste. Manufacturing companies competing in a fast-paced market must first grasp
Q2B. Analyze how the method of valuing work-in-progress (prime cost vs. works cost)
influences the final cost of goods sold and the financial reporting of a manufacturing
company. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
The final cost of goods sold (COGS) and financial reporting of a manufacturing organization
depend on WIP value. WIP indicates partially completed products in production at the
conclusion of an accounting period. Prime cost and works cost valuation methodologies affect
financial results differently. Methods affect profit margins, inventory valuation, and cost
allocation. Manufacturing companies need to understand these strategies for accurate financial
Human Resource Management
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. you are an HR manager in a multinational corporation facing challenges in cross-
cultural teamwork. Employees struggle with communication barriers and adapting to
diverse work environments. To address this, your company has implemented a Global
Competence Development Program.
Evaluate the effectiveness of such programs in enhancing cultural awareness and
adaptability among employees. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Multinational companies (MNCs) depend on cross-cultural teams to stimulate innovation and
success in the globalized corporate climate of today. Cultural variations, however, can cause
misunderstandings, poor communication, and conflict that influences team cohesiveness and
output. Global Competence Development Programs (GCDPs) targeted at raising cultural
understanding, flexibility, and cooperation help companies meet these obstacles. These
initiatives help staff members acquire the required abilities to negotiate various work settings,
therefore promoting an inclusive culture with a worldwide perspective. Such programs are
helpful since they help to develop cross-cultural abilities, improve communication, and boost
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Q2A. A growing tech company is looking to expand its workforce by hiring skilled
software developers and engineers. The company wants to use public advertisements and
campus recruitment to attract top talent. As an HR manager, propose a comprehensive
recruitment strategy using these methods. What are the potential benefits and challenges
of this approach? (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
A rising IT firm needs a strong recruitment strategy to attract top software developers and
engineers. With industry demand for talented workers rising, the organisation must use
numerous channels to build a talent pipeline. Campus recruiting and public ads are efficient
ways to contact prospects. Campus recruiting emphasises young individuals with new ideas
and technical knowledge, while public ads reach a wide audience. Strategic planning is needed
Q2B. A multinational corporation is expanding its operations and requires a highly
experienced Chief Operating Officer (COO) to drive its growth strategy. Given the
critical nature of this position, the company is considering hiring an executive search firm
to identify and recruit the best candidate. Analyze the role of executive search firms in
recruiting top-level executives. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using such
firms? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Any global corporation expanding must choose a Chief Operating Officer COO. Given the
strategic importance of the role, the company must ensure the chosen candidate has the vision,
industry knowledge, and leadership to expand. Executive search businesses have access to a
vast pool of senior executives and use sophisticated headhunting tactics to find the best fit for
the organization.
Concept and Application
Role of Executive Search Firms in Recruiting Top-Level Executives
1. Experience spotting high-calorie candidates
Deep business expertise and experience in spotting outstanding executive talent gives
Legal Aspect of Business
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. A startup named “SunDisk Pvt. Ltd.” specialises in software development. Initially,
its Memorandum of Association (MOA) focused solely on developing enterprise software
solutions. However, when market patterns changed, the business recognized profitable
prospects in cloud computing services and artificial intelligence (AI) consulting. The
board of directors decided to enter these segments without modifying the MOA. Soon
after, a major investor raised concerns that these activities were ultra vires and could
lead to legal consequences. The company now faces challenges related to business
expansion, legal compliance, and shareholder confidence.
Based on the given scenario, highlight the challenges before SunDisk Pvt. Ltd. if the MOA
continues to remain unamended. Please explain the challenge by emphasizing the
doctrine of ultra vires under the Companies Act, 2013, and suggest potential solutions to
avoid the company violating the provisions of Companies Act, 2013 (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
SunDisk Pvt. Ltd. is a software development startup that initially focused on enterprise
software solutions as outlined in its Memorandum of Association (MOA). However, with the
evolution of market trends, the company sought to expand its operations into cloud computing
and artificial intelligence (AI) consulting without making amendments to its MOA. This
decision raised concerns from investors about whether such expansion falls within the scope
of the company’s originally defined objectives. The doctrine of ultra vires under the Companies
Act, 2013, plays a crucial role in determining whether a company’s actions are legally valid. If
SunDisk continues to operate outside its MOA without modification, it could face legal,
financial, and reputational challenges. Addressing these concerns is vital to ensuring
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Q2A. Innovative Constructions Pvt. Ltd. signs a contract with the government to build a
highway in two years. The contract includes terms about work deadlines and quality.
However, the company faces three major problems:
1. Delay in Work: Due to supply chain problems, only 90% of the work is done on time.
The government may take legal action for not completing the project.
2. Change in Contract: The company asks for extra time, and the government agrees, but
some contract terms need to be changed.
3. Work Becomes Impossible: A new law bans an important material needed for the
project. The company claims that the contract should end because completing the work
is now impossible.
Question: Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, explain how the company should handle
these problems legally. Consider rules about performance (finishing the work), changing
terms of the contracts by mutual agreement, and what happens when the work becomes
impossible to perform. Mention relevant legal sections where applicable. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Innovative Constructions Pvt. Ltd. entered into a contract with the government to build a
highway within two years. However, the company faces legal challenges due to delays in work,
required modifications in contract terms, and the impossibility of performance due to a new
law banning a key construction material. The Indian Contract Act, 1872, provides legal
solutions under the principles of contract performance, modification by mutual agreement, and
frustration of contract. The company must address these issues by following the legal
Q2B. Harish, a real estate developer, signs a contract with Mehta & Sons to build a luxury
apartment complex in two years. The contract states that if the project is delayed, Mehta
& Sons must pay a penalty (liquidated damages). However, due to poor management,
they fail to complete the project on time. Harish suffers financial loss and damage to his
reputation.
Question:
Under the Indian Contract Act, 1872, what legal remedies does Harish have for this
contract breach? What steps can he take to prevent further delays? Mention relevant
legal sections. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Harish, a real estate developer, entered into a contract with Mehta & Sons for constructing a
luxury apartment complex within two years. The contract includes a liquidated damages clause
imposing penalties for delays. Due to mismanagement, Mehta & Sons failed to complete the
project on time, causing Harish financial loss and reputational damage. For contract violation,
Harish may sue for damages and penalties under the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Avoiding
Operations Management
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. Assume you are heading operations in a cosmetic manufacturing and marketing
company. You are launching a new product range. Its very critical for the brand image
of the organisation.
Create a detailed plan for sourcing materials and manufacturers for a new fashion
product. What factors should be considered to ensure a reliable supply chain? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the highly competitive cosmetic industry, launching a new product range requires
meticulous planning in operations and supply chain management. The success of the product
depends on the quality, sustainability, and reliability of the sourcing and manufacturing
process. Sourcing materials and manufacturers for a new fashion cosmetic product involves
selecting the right suppliers, ensuring compliance with regulations, maintaining costeffectiveness,

and aligning with brand values. A well-structured supply chain not only
enhances efficiency but also safeguards the brand image, ensuring timely production and
distribution. This process requires an integrated approach involving supplier selection, raw
material procurement, quality assurance, logistics, and risk management. By focusing on
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Q2A. Pick any situation of your choice and analyze the role of aggregate operations
planning in aligning an organization’s capacity with forecasted demand, and discuss the
potential consequences of failing to do so? (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Aggregate operations planning (AOP) is a critical process that helps organizations align their
production capacity with forecasted demand. It ensures a balance between market demand,
workforce levels, inventory management, and overall operational efficiency. The process is
particularly vital in industries with fluctuating demand, such as the automotive, retail, and
manufacturing sectors. A failure in effective aggregate planning can lead to excess inventory,
production inefficiencies, or unmet customer demands. By integrating a well-structured
Q2B. Pick any business situation of your choice and establish how can artificial
intelligence and machine learning be integrated into operations management to enhance
decision- making and efficiency? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have revolutionized operations
management by enhancing decision-making, automating processes, and optimizing efficiency.
Businesses across industries, from retail and manufacturing to logistics and healthcare, are
integrating AI-driven systems to improve forecasting, resource allocation, and supply chain
management. By leveraging data-driven insights, AI and ML enable businesses to make real-
Strategic Management
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. Evaluate the potential risks and benefits of Tata Motors pursuing a differentiation
strategy in the electric vehicle market? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Leading Indian car company Tata Motors has become a major force in the electric vehicle (EV)
space. Tata Motors has deliberately positioned itself to lead the change towards sustainable
mobility in view of growing environmental issues and government incentives encouraging EV
adoption. In the EV sector, a differentiation approach is developing original items that set apart
the goods of the business from rivals. Excellent technology, improved battery performance,
creative design, sophisticated connectivity tools, or a strong brand image could all help to
accomplish this. Still, following this approach carries some possible advantages as well as
some hazards. Differentiation entails high costs, technological difficulties, and market
uncertainty even while it helps Tata Motors seize a premium market sector and enhance its
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Q2A. XYZ Retail, a well-established chain of grocery stores in India, is facing increased
competition from both traditional brick-and-mortar supermarkets and online grocery
platforms. The entry of new online grocery players, aggressive price wars among existing
retailers, and growing bargaining power of customers have put pressure on XYZ Retail’s
profitability.
Given Porter’s Approach to Industry Analysis, analyze any one of the six competitive
forces which could be impacting XYZ Retail’s business. Also discuss what strategies can
XYZ Retail adopt to mitigate these competitive pressures? (5 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Large Indian grocery chain XYZ Retail is under pressure from traditional and online food
retailers. Digital grocery platforms, which offer convenience and low prices, have changed
consumer buying behavior. XYZ Retail’s profitability is affected by Porter’s six competitive
forces, particularly new entrants. Online grocery platforms’ quick growth, competitive pricing,
Q2B. A multinational conglomerate, TechNova Group, operates in various industries,
including consumer electronics, renewable energy, and healthcare technology. Recently,
the company’s corporate headquarters has identified a strategic opportunity to acquire
MedTech Solutions, a firm specializing in AI-driven diagnostic tools. The leadership at
TechNova believes that this acquisition could create synergies across its healthcare
technology and consumer electronics divisions. However, some executives express
concerns that TechNova lacks deep expertise in medical devices and regulatory
compliance, which could lead to inefficiencies in managing MedTech Solutions.
As a corporate strategist at TechNova, apply the concept of corporate parenting to assess
whether this acquisition aligns with TechNova’s corporate strategy. Briefly discuss what
factors should TechNova evaluate to determine if this move will create value or destroy
value for the company? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
MedTech Solutions, an AI-driven diagnostic tools company, may be acquired by TechNova
Group to enhance its healthcare technology segment. Corporate parenting evaluates how a
parent firm might benefit its subsidiaries beyond financial investments. The acquisition may
benefit AI and consumer electronics, but regulatory compliance and medical device expertise
may be issues. This acquisition’s success depends on whether TechNova’s corporate parenting

Business Communication
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. Imagine you are a marketing manager for a new Indian fitness app called “FitIndia.”
You aim to create a persuasive message to motivate young adults to adopt a healthier
lifestyle. How would you craft your message to resonate with this target audience? (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle in the digital era presents difficulties for young people who
typically balance social, occupational, and educational obligations. Unhealthy eating patterns, a
sedentary lifestyle, and stress have all contributed to the rise of lifestyle-related disorders including
diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. FitIndia is a ground-breaking fitness app meant to make
exercise accessible, interesting, and sustainable after realizing this demand. FitIndia provides
tailored exercise solutions that match individual goals—whether they be weight loss, muscle gain,
or general wellness by using technology and AI-driven insights. Developing a strong message that
fits young people’s objectives, behaviors, and digital consumption patterns is crucial if one is to
properly reach and impact them. The secret is to make exercise seem simple, fulfilling, and
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Q2A. A multinational company in India with a diverse workforce recognizes the importance
of inclusivity and respect in its business communication. The company aims to create a
cohesive work environment where employees from all backgrounds feel valued and
understood.To achieve this, the management wants to implement a strategy for using biasfree
language that considers the
regional
and
linguistic diversity of its
employees.
Propose a comprehensive strategy for using bias-free language in this multicultural business
environment to promote inclusivity and respect. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Operating in India, a multinational firm has to acknowledge the variety of its employees—people
from several language, cultural, and regional origins. Good company communication should be
inclusive and respectful, so making sure every employee feels appreciated and heard.
Encouragement of a good work culture, minimising misunderstandings, and a feeling of belonging
all depend on using bias- free language. The approach should center on eradicating
preconceptions, avoiding biassed language, and encouraging neutrality in written as well as spoken
Q2B. The marketing team at a company is struggling to keep up with the changing
landscape of social media. They are using outdated methods and are not effectively engaging
with stakeholders. The team is also not using social media to its full potential to inform,
persuade, or build relationships. The CEO has called a meeting to discuss how the team can
better adapt to the changing landscape of social media. Evaluate the impact of social
networks on business communication and how they have transformed interactions with
stakeholders? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
The fast development of social media has changed the way companies engage with the public,
employees, investors, and customers among other stakeholders. In a world first of digital nature,
conventional marketing and communication techniques are insufficient. Real-time participation,
brand building, and customer relationship management all find a dynamic forum in social
networks. Companies who try to ignore these developments run the danger of becoming
Financial Accounting
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. Financial Analysis of AlphaEx Ltd.
You are given the following partial financial information for AlphaEx Ltd. for the year
ended March 31, 2024:
Required:
1. Compute the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and Gross Profit for the year ended March
31, 2024. (2 Marks)
2. Prepare the Income Statement (from Net Sales down to Net Income) for the year ended
March 31, 2024. Clearly show each line item, including your calculations for Cost of
Goods Sold, Gross Profit, Operating Income, and Net Income after tax. (3 Marks)
3. Calculate the ending Retained Earnings on March 31, 2024, after the company closes
its Net Income into Retained Earnings. Show your computation step by step. (2 Marks)
4. Using the year-end balances, compute and interpret two financial ratios—for example,
the Current Ratio and the Debt-to-Equity Ratio. In a brief paragraph, discuss what these
ratios indicate about AlphaEx Ltd.’s liquidity and long-term solvency. (3 Marks)
Total Marks: 10
1. Income Statement (Partially Reported)
Item
Amount (₹)
Net Sales
9,00,000
Beginning Inventory (April 1, 2023)
60,000
Net Purchases
3,20,000
Ending Inventory (March 31, 2024)
50,000
Operating Expenses (excluding depreciation)
1,40,000
Depreciation Expense
30,000
Interest Expense
20,000
Income Tax Rate
25%
2. Balance Sheet (Selected Items as at March 31, 2024)
Item
Amount (₹)
Cash & Cash Equivalents
1,00,000
Accounts Receivable
80,000
Inventory
50,000
Property, Plant & Equipment (net)
4,00,000
Accounts Payable
40,000
Long-Term Debt
2,00,000
Common Stock
1,50,000
Retained Earnings (at the beginning)
80,000
Ans 1.
Introduction
Understanding the performance, stability, and future development prospects of a company
depends critically on knowledge of financial analysis. Examining financial statements—
including the balance sheet and income statement—helps one evaluate profitability, liquidity,
and financial situation. Financial analysis helps companies decide strategically, control
spending, and increase operational effectiveness. These assessments help stakeholders and
investors ascertain whether making investments in a firm is feasible. Debt-to—equity ratios
and current ratios help one understand financial risk and liquidity. Examining income,
expenses, assets, and liabilities helps businesses to see areas of strength and weakness. This
procedure guarantees openness in financial reporting and encourages data-driven decision-
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Q2A. A mid-sized manufacturing company has suffered significant losses over the past
two years, casting doubt on its ability to continue as a going concern. Critically examine
how the concept of going concern influences the accounting process in such a situation.
In your analysis, discuss the ethical and professional judgments an accountant must make
when deciding whether the business should continue applying going concern assumptions
in its financial statements. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
The going concern concept in accounting states that a corporation will always operate. If a
company is losing money, its survival is questioned. Accountants must determine whether the
going concern assumption is still valid and present the business’s financial status. This
hypothesis hurts financial transparency, liability recognition, and asset value. Financial
reporting accountability and transparency rely on ethical and professional judgement.
Q2B. Financial accounting is based on fundamental principles and assumptions that
guide the preparation of financial statements. However, with the rapid advancement of
technology and the increasing complexity of modern business transactions, some argue
that traditional accounting frameworks may no longer be sufficient. Critically evaluate
the relevance of traditional financial accounting principles (such as the historical cost
principle, accrual basis, and consistency) in today’s business environment. In your
response, analyze potential modifications or alternative approaches that could enhance
financial reporting accuracy and decision-making for stakeholders. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Fundamental principles in financial accounting promote uniformity, comparability, and
dependability in financial reporting. Accounting concepts including historical cost, accrual
basis, and consistency have long governed financial statement creation. Traditional
frameworks struggle to fulfil current company demands due to technology, globalisation, and
complicated financial operations. Traditional accounting procedures must be updated to
include digital assets, fair value accounting, and real-time reporting. This conversation
questions established accounting concepts and examines alternative methods that improve
Marketing Management
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you
have learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information
through internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the
answers appear directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the
chapter
Q1. A premium home appliance brand, CoolCasa, has been facing stagnating sales
despite offering high-quality, durable, and technologically advanced products. Market
research indicates that younger consumers, particularly millennials and Gen Z, prefer
smart, connected appliances but also focus on affordability, brand experience, and
sustainability. The company’s traditional marketing approach, which emphasizes
product durability and engineering excellence, seems less appealing to this segment.
Question:
Based on consumer behavior principles, evaluate what key factors should CoolCasa
consider to realign its marketing strategy and better appeal to younger buyers? (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Premium home appliance brand CoolCasa has stagnate sales while providing
technologically innovative, high-quality, lasting goods. Emphasizing durability and
engineering superiority, the company’s conventional marketing strategy seems to be out of
line for younger consumers—especially millennials and Gen Z. These consumers give
smart, connected appliances that provide ease, affordability, sustainability, and an
interesting brand experience top priority. Driven by digital revolution, sustainability issues,
and consumer preference for customized products, the fast change in consumer behavior
calls CoolCasa to rethink its marketing plan. Using consumer behavior ideas will help the
company reinterpret itself to appeal to younger consumers, improve brand interaction, and
stimulate sales increase. The main elements CoolCasa has to take into account in realigning
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Q2A. FreshBite Foods, a mid-sized packaged snacks brand in India, has noticed a
decline in sales of its traditional fried chips among urban consumers. Market research
suggests that health-conscious millennials and Gen Z consumers prefer baked, organic,
or low-fat alternatives. FreshBite’s management is considering launching a new line of
healthy snacks but is unsure how to understand and influence consumer buying
behavior effectively.
Question:
Based on the given scenario, analyze the key factors influencing consumer buying
behavior that FreshBite Foods should consider before launching its new healthy snack
line. (5 Marks)
Ans 3A.
Introduction
FreshBite Foods, a mid-sized packaged snacks brand in India, has observed a decline in sales
of its traditional fried chips among urban consumers. Millennials and Gen Z, who form a
significant portion of the urban market, are shifting towards healthier snack alternatives,
such as baked, organic, or low-fat options. This changing consumer preference is driven by
increasing awareness of health and wellness, dietary consciousness, and a preference for
clean-label products. To successfully launch a new healthy snack line, FreshBite must
analyze the key factors influencing consumer buying behavior to align its product offerings
Q2B. GlowCare, a new skincare startup in India, has launched a premium herbal face
cream targeting young professionals. Despite high-quality ingredients and
dermatologist endorsements, the product is struggling to gain traction in the market.
Competitors with well-established brands dominate consumer trust, and many
potential customers perceive GlowCare’s product as expensive. The management is
now exploring ways to enhance customer value and improve brand positioning.
Question: Based on the given scenario, apply marketing principles to show how
GlowCare can build customer value through its product, service, and brand strategies
to gain a competitive edge. (5 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
GlowCare, a new skincare startup in India, is facing challenges in gaining traction despite
offering a high-quality herbal face cream endorsed by dermatologists. The market is
dominated by well-established competitors with strong brand loyalty and consumer trust.
Additionally, many potential customers perceive GlowCare’s product as expensive, making
it difficult to encourage trial and conversion. To overcome these challenges, GlowCare must
Micro Economics & Macro Economics
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. Rohan owns a local organic farming business that supplies fresh fruits and vegetables to
supermarkets and online grocery platforms. Recently, he has seen an increase in demand due
to rising consumer preference for organic produce. However, he is struggling to increase
supply due to challenges such as unpredictable weather conditions, high labor costs, rising
transportation expenses, and government farming regulations. As an agricultural consultant,
analyze the concept of supply and its determining factors to help Rohan expand his business.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
A basic economic idea, supply shapes the availability of products and services in a market. It
describes the quantity of a good producers are ready and able to present at several price points during
a designated period. Changing consumer tastes have driven demand for fresh, chemical-free food
at Rohan’s organic agricultural company. Meeting this increasing demand is difficult, though, given
supply-side factors include erratic weather, high labor costs, shipping costs, and regulatory rules.
Analyzing the main elements affecting supply, the function of market forces, and ways to get beyond
these challenges will help Rohan grow his company and guarantee sustainable agricultural
development and profitability.
Concept and Application
Concept of Supply and Its Determining Factors
Definition and Law of Supply
Supply is the total quantity of a product that producers are willing to sell at various prices in a given
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Q2A. Aarav owns a chain of fast-food restaurants that specializes in gourmet burgers.
Recently, he noticed that when he increased the price of his signature burger by 10%, sales
dropped significantly. However, when he increased the price of soft drinks by 15%, there was
little to no impact on sales. Aarav is now trying to understand how price changes affect
demand for different products in his restaurant and how he can use this information to make
better pricing decisions. As a business consultant, analyze the concept of price elasticity of
demand and recommend pricing strategies that Aarav can use to maximize revenue without
losing customers. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Price elasticity of demand (PED) measures how the quantity demanded of a product responds to
changes in its price. Aarav’s experience with his fast-food restaurant highlights that different
products have varying levels of price sensitivity. While a 10% increase in burger prices led to a
significant drop in sales, a 15% rise in soft drink prices had little impact on demand. Understanding
PED can help Aarav make informed pricing decisions, optimize revenue, and balance customer
Q2B. Neha, a young professional, recently received a promotion with a significant salary hike.
Excited about her increased income, she decides to upgrade her lifestyle by purchasing
premium organic food products, high-end fashion brands, and a gym membership. However,
she also notices that some of her colleagues, despite their higher incomes, continue buying
budget-friendly brands and prefer saving rather than increasing their spending. As an
economist, analyze the impact of the income effect on Neha’s consumption choices. In your
response explain the concept of the income effect and how changes in income influence
consumer demand for normal goods, inferior goods, and luxury goods. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
The income effect is the way that variations in a consumer’s income affect their purchase behavior.
Neha decides to change her way of living by buying luxury goods and services as she gets a pay
raise. Some of her colleagues, though paid more, nonetheless spend carefully on reasonably priced
goods. Economic elements such normal goods, inferior products, and luxury items help to explain
this variation in behavior. Examining these consumption trends clarifies the different effect of
Organizational Behavior
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you
have learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information
through internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the
answers appear directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the
chapter
Q1. Rahul is a young entrepreneur who recently started a tech startup for educational
apps. He is imaginative and often comes up with innovative ideas, but his plans lack
detail and structure. His team appreciates his enthusiasm and collaborative approach,
but he struggles to give critical feedback. During a product launch, Rahul became
anxious about meeting expectations, which affected his decision-making under
pressure. Despite these challenges, his curiosity and willingness to learn keep him
motivated. He realizes he needs to improve his leadership skills to grow his startup.
Question: Using the Big Five Model of Personality, evaluate Rahul’s personality traits
and their impact on his effectiveness as a leader. Suggest strategies to enhance his
leadership style while leveraging his strengths. How can he engage his team more
effectively? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Success in entrepreneurial businesses, especially in the fast-paced world of technology
startups, is much influenced by good leadership. Rahul is a young entrepreneur in the
educational tech sector with several traits that define him as a creative and passionate leader.
But his lack of organized preparation, trouble giving critical comments, and nervousness
under duress create obstacles for properly running his team. Rahul’s personality may be
evaluated using the helpful framework provided by the Big Five Personality Traits—
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism—which also
help one to grasp how these elements affect his leadership efficacy. Rahul can strengthen
his leadership abilities, increase team involvement, and propel his company toward steady
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Q2A. Nisha is a talented graphic designer working at a marketing agency. She recently
discovered that her colleague, who has similar qualifications and experience, receives
a higher salary despite having a comparable workload. This realization has left Nisha
feeling demotivated and less enthusiastic about her projects. She starts putting in less
effort and avoids taking on additional responsibilities, as she feels her contributions
are not being valued equally.
Question: Using Equity Theory of Motivation, analyze Nisha’s reaction to the pay
disparity. How can her manager address this situation to restore her motivation and
productivity? (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Equity Theory of Motivation, proposed by John Stacey Adams, explains how individuals
perceive fairness in the workplace and how these perceptions influence their motivation and
productivity. Nisha, a talented graphic designer, feels demotivated upon learning that her
colleague, with similar qualifications and workload, receives a higher salary. This perceived
inequity leads to dissatisfaction, reduced effort, and a lack of willingness to take on
additional responsibilities. Understanding Nisha’s reaction through the lens of Equity
Q2B. Amit and Priya, two senior project managers in a consulting firm, frequently
disagree on project execution strategies. Amit prefers a structured, process-driven
approach, while Priya values flexibility and adaptability. Their ongoing conflicts are
delaying project timelines and creating tension within the team. The manager notices
this issue and wants to intervene.
Question: Analyze the nature of the conflict between Amit and Priya using Conflict
Management Techniques. Which technique would be most effective in resolving their
conflict, and why? Justify your answer with logical reasoning. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Different work styles, priorities, and decision-making methods can all lead to workplace
strife. In the instance of Amit and Priya, two top project managers in a consulting company,
their divergent opinions on project execution techniques cause conflict that delays project
deadlines. Priya’s emphasis on adaptability and flexibility runs counter to Amit’s taste for a
methodical, process-driven approach. This continuous dispute disturbs project effectiveness
and teamwork. By means of problem Management Techniques, one can analyze the nature
Quantitative Methods – I
Jun 2025 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. From a large batch of batteries, a sample of size 50 is drawn. The average lifespan of
the batteries is 1200 hours with a standard deviation of 200 hours.
1. Find the probability that the mean lifespan of the sample is less than 1150 hours. (3
Marks)
2. Calculate the 95% confidence interval for the sample mean lifespan. (4 Marks)
3. Discuss the effect of increasing the sample size to 100 on the standard error and the
probability calculation. (3 Marks)
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Analyzing actual facts and making wise conclusions depend much on statistical techniques.
Interpreting data and grasping differences in various processes depend on quantitative
techniques, especially inferential statistics and probability theory. In this regard, companies
and researchers regularly deal with sampling methods to project population values. Analyzing
the lifetime of batteries utilizing statistical techniques including probability computations,
confidence intervals, and standard error analysis is the presented challenge. These techniques
allow one to evaluate the dependability of estimations and the probability of particular results.
In quality control, risk assessment, and decision-making, knowledge of these ideas is absolutely
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Q2A. A deck of cards contains 10 red and 6 black cards. If two cards are randomly drawn
without replacement, what is the probability that both cards drawn are black?
What is the probability that at least one of the two cards drawn is red? Total 5 Marks
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Business decision-making depends much on probability since it helps companies evaluate
risks, project future results, and maximize processes. To project uncertainty in market trends,
financial investments, and quality control procedures, businesses turn to probability models.
Knowing probability helps companies to make data-driven decisions, lower possible losses,
and increase efficiency. Probability offers a methodical strategy to handle uncertainty and
Q2B. A milling machine is set to produce rods that have an average length of 15.00 cm.
The machine is known to have a standard deviation () of 0.3 cm. The customer specifies
the rod length to be within 14.80 cm and 15.20 cm. What is the acceptance percentage
given the setting and age of the machine (age determines the standard deviation)? (5
Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Essential tools in statistical analysis, confidence intervals offer a range within which a
population parameter is probably to lie. Confidence intervals are used by companies,
academics, and legislators to guide judgments grounded on sample data. Organizations can
lower uncertainty in forecasting, quality control, and performance assessment by
approximating population characteristics with a given degree of confidence. In many different
domains, confidence intervals govern decision-making procedures and assist to evaluate the

APRIL 2025

Business Communication

Apr 2025 Examination

PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter

Q1. A marketing firm is considering increasing its reliance on digital media for business communication. What opportunities and challenges might this present for reaching their target audience and achieving their marketing goals? (10 Marks)

Q2. A social media platform is facing a surge of hate speech and misinformation. How can they ethically moderate this content while upholding users’ freedom of expression and avoiding accusations of censorship? (10 Marks)

Q3 (A). You’re revising your company’s email communication guidelines. Evaluate the impact of requiring bullet points and headings in all business emails, considering their potential to improve clarity and engagement while also analyzing any possible drawbacks. (5 Marks)

Q3 (B) You’re the marketing lead for an online clothing retailer. Design a plan for optimizing email/SMS messages for mobile to improve declining open and click-through rates. Focus on readability and user engagement. (5 Marks)

Organizational Behavior

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. PowerTech Solutions, a mid-sized IT company, is transitioning to Agile project management to enhance productivity and customer satisfaction. However, the change initiative is encountering resistance from employees, especially middle management, who are reluctant to adapt. Workshops have been held, but they have not been effective in addressing the concerns or boosting employee morale.

Using Lewin’s Change Management Model, analyze the challenges a mentioned company faces in implementing Agile project management. Propose specific steps from this model to overcome these challenges and ensure successful adoption of the new framework. (10 Marks)

Q2. A GTech Innovatives company specializing in renewable energy solutions, has seen a decline in employee creativity and proactive problem-solving. The leadership recently introduced a competitive bonus system tied to achieving sales targets, but it led to stress and unhealthy competition among employees. A review highlighted that employees value personal growth, teamwork, and the ability to contribute meaningfully to the company’s mission. The management is debating whether to redesign their approach using Vroom’s Expectancy Theory or McClelland’s Theory

of Needs to better align employee motivation with organizational goals.

Evaluate how Vroom’s Expectancy Theory or McClelland’s Theory of Needs can be applied to address the motivational challenges at GTech Innovatives. Recommend the more effective theory for fostering creativity and collaboration, justifying your choice. (10 Marks)

Q3 (A) Geeta, a team leader at BTech Solutions, is known for being highly organized and detail-oriented, but her rigid adherence to schedules sometimes causes tension with her team. She finds it challenging to adapt to last-minute changes and struggles to understand why her team members prioritize flexibility over deadlines.

Using the Big Five Personality Traits, describe Geeta’s behavior and suggest how an understanding of her personality traits can help her improve her leadership effectiveness.

Q3 (B) Rishabh, a senior marketing manager at Creative Works, is observing his newest team member, Rita, who often misses deadlines and seems disengaged in meetings. Based on these observations, Rishabh concludes that Rita is unmotivated and assigns her fewer responsibilities. However, Rita later shares that she was overwhelmed with the new work environment and lacked clear guidance on tasks.

Using the Perception Process, describe Rishabh’s perception of Rita at different stages of the process and how he can improve his perception to avoid misjudging his team members in the future. (5 Marks)

Micro Economics & Macro Economics

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. Analyze how a company can utilize consumer demand analysis to explore potential markets for new eco-friendly products. Discuss factors such as identifying consumer preferences, segmenting the market, evaluating external trends, and adapting strategies. Discuss how these factors influence the company’s interpretation of consumer behavior and strategy formulation. Support your analysis with examples. (10 Marks)

Q2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) masks surged dramatically due to heightened health concerns. However, contrary to the typical behavior predicted by the law of demand, the price of PPE masks also increased despite the high demand. In some cases, the price even rose exponentially as suppliers struggled to meet the increasing demand. On the other hand, in certain regions, there were instances where masks were in abundant supply, yet prices remained relatively high due to hoarding and panic buying. Analyze the exceptions to the law of demand and supply observed in this scenario concerning PPE masks. How do these exceptions challenge traditional economic theories, and what factors contribute to this deviation from the standard demand-supply relationship? (10 Marks)

Q3 (A) XYZ Automobiles, a mid-sized car manufacturer, recently expanded its production facilities to increase its monthly output from 10,000 to 50,000 units. With this expansion, the company observed a reduction in the per-unit production cost. The company invested in advanced machinery, hired specialized managers for different departments, and secured better financing terms from banks. Evaluate how XYZ Automobiles benefited from economies of scale in reducing its average cost of production. In your answer, explain how technical, managerial, and financial economies of scale contributed to the reduction in costs and the company’s overall efficiency. (5 Marks)

Q3 (B) Imagine that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has set an inflation target of 4% for the upcoming fiscal year. However, during this period, India faced external shocks, such as rising global oil prices and supply chain disruptions caused by a natural disaster. Domestic inflation rises to 6% due to increased food prices and wages. In response, the RBI tightens monetary policy by raising interest rates to control inflation. Businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises (SMEs), are struggling to cope with the higher borrowing costs, while consumers are feeling the strain of rising prices on essential goods. At the same time, the government is pushing for infrastructure development to fuel economic growth. Analyze the impact of inflation targeting on economic stability and growth in India, considering the challenges faced by businesses and consumers in the given scenario. How can inflation targeting contribute to economic stability, and what are the trade-offs involved? What challenges might the RBI encounter in trying to achieve the inflation target, and how could it balance between controlling inflation and promoting growth? (5 Marks)

Quantitative Methods – I

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. Propose a method to use Excel for solving a binomial distribution problem, and discuss the advantages and limitations of using Excel for such statistical analyses? Solve the below problem using excel or manual method.

A company manufactures light bulbs, and it is known that 5% of the light bulbs are defective. If a quality control inspector randomly selects 20 light bulbs from a production batch, what is the probability that exactly 2 of them are defective? (10 Marks)

Q2. A cereal company claims that the average weight of its cereal boxes is 500 grams. A quality control manager doubts this claim and randomly selects a sample of 50 boxes. The sample has a mean weight of 495 grams and a standard deviation of 10 grams. Formulate the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternate hypothesis (H1). – Perform a statistical to determine if the mean weight of the cereal boxes is significantly different from 500 grams at a significance level of 0.05 (10 Marks)

Q3(A) Evaluate the importance of understanding the null and alternate hypotheses in the context of hypothesis testing and its impact on research outcomes?

State Null and Alternate Hypothesis for below scenarios

A health organization claims that the average sodium content in a specific brand of soup is at least 400 mg per serving. A nutritionist doubts this claim and wants to verify if the average sodium content is less than 400 mg. State Null and Alternate Hypothesis

A pharmaceutical company claims that their new drug reduces cholesterol by an average of 50 mg/dL. A medical researcher wants to verify if the average reduction is not equal to 50 mg/dL. (5 Marks) Q3 (B) Given the following data points for variables X and Y:

X: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10

Y: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between X and Y. Given the following data points for variables X and Y:

X: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Y: 2, 4, 5, 4, 5

Determine the equation of the regression line (Y = a + bX)

Financial Accounting

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. ABC Ltd., a small manufacturing company, is struggling with maintaining accurate financial records due to the complexity of its transactions. The management has approached you, a financial consultant, for guidance.

Required:

Explain how the accounting process (from identifying transactions to preparing financial statements) can help the company streamline its financial records.
Highlight the potential risks of skipping key steps like journalizing or preparing a trial balance, using hypothetical examples.

Note: Your answer should include real-world applications of accounting principles and demonstrate how they align with ABC Ltd.’s operational challenges. (10 Marks)

Q2. XYZ Ltd. provides the following details from its Profit and Loss Statement for the year ended March 31, 2024:

– Revenue: Rs.25,00,000

– Cost of Goods Sold: Rs.15,00,000

– Selling and Administrative Expenses: Rs.4,00,000

– Depreciation Expense: Rs.1,50,000

– Interest Expense: Rs.50,000

– Income Tax Rate: 30% Additionally:

– The company sold a piece of machinery for Rs.1,00,000, resulting in a gain of

Rs.20,000.

Required:

Prepare the Income Statement for XYZ Ltd. for the year ended March 31, 2024.
Calculate the following ratios: Net Profit MarginOperating Profit

MarginInterest Coverage Ratio (10 Marks)

Q3 (A) Evaluate the impact of a high Debt-to-Equity ratio on the financial stability and future growth potential of a company. Using a hypothetical company’s financial data, identify possible risks associated with the ratio and recommend strategies to improve the company’s leverage position. Justify your recommendations based on financial principles and industry benchmarks. (5 Marks)

Q3 (B) XYZ Ltd. has the following information from its cash flow activities for the year ended March 31, 2025:

– Net Income: Rs.5,00,000

– Depreciation: Rs.1,00,000

– Increase in Accounts Receivable: Rs.2,00,000

– Decrease in Accounts Payable: Rs.50,000

– Purchase of Machinery: Rs.3,00,000

– Dividend Paid: Rs.1,00,000

Required:

Prepare the Cash Flow from Operating Activities using the indirect method.
Analyze how changes in working capital components impacted the cash flow from operating activities. (5 Marks)

Marketing Management

Apr 2025 Examination

Q1. Meera’s family recently moved to Pune, and she wanted to buy a washing machine for their new home. Her decision-making process involved several steps. Initially, she identified the need after struggling with handwashing clothes. She began researching online, reading reviews, and watching videos comparing brands. Her search revealed that consumers valued energy efficiency, ease of use, and after-sales service.

At a local electronics store, Meera interacted with a salesperson who emphasized the features of a mid-range washing machine that matched her requirements. However, her children were drawn to another model with a colorful digital display. Influenced by her family’s preferences and the salesperson’s advice, Meera decided on a slightly costlier model that included advanced features and a sleek design.

After the purchase, Meera felt satisfied because the machine exceeded her expectations, offering convenience and efficiency. However, a week later, she faced issues with installation delays, which slightly dampened her overall experience. Question

Analyze the factors influencing Meera’s buying behavior and decision-making process in this case. Suggest how the store could improve its post-purchase services to enhance customer satisfaction. (10 Marks)

Q2. Rahul owns EcoLife, a brand specializing in eco-friendly personal care products like biodegradable toothbrushes and organic soaps. Initially, Rahul tried to appeal to all customer segments but struggled with low sales and weak brand recognition. After consulting a marketing expert, he decided to adopt a customer value–driven marketing strategy.

Rahul identified urban millennials as his target audience—individuals concerned about sustainability and willing to pay a premium for eco-friendly products. He tailored his products and marketing efforts to their preferences by offering subscription plans, attractive packaging, and detailed product stories about sustainability.

Rahul also partnered with influencers to promote EcoLife on social media and created engaging educational content about environmental impact. Within six months, sales grew by 40%, and his customer base expanded significantly. However, scaling up production to meet increased demand remained a challenge.

Question

Evaluate how Rahul’s customer value–driven marketing strategy helped EcoLife create value for its target customers. Suggest one way Rahul can address the challenge of scaling production while maintaining quality. (10 Marks)

Q3 (A) Aditi Sharma owns a boutique home décor store, Artisan Elegance, in Bengaluru. She noticed that her sales had plateaued despite having unique, handcrafted products. Her store’s website lacked detailed product descriptions and had minimal customer engagement features. To address these challenges, Aditi revamped her website to include high-quality images, personalized product suggestions based on browsing history, and an option for customers to share their home décor stories.

She also launched a social media campaign encouraging customers to post photos of her products in their homes using the hashtag #ArtisanEleganceHomes. In return, participants received discount coupons. The campaign gained traction, leading to increased social media engagement and website visits. Many customers reported feeling more connected to the brand, stating that the personal touch enhanced their shopping experience.

Six months later, Aditi observed a 30% increase in sales and a noticeable improvement in repeat customers. However, she also encountered challenges, such as managing increased website traffic and responding to numerous customer queries on social media.

Question

Analyze how Aditi created customer value and engagement for Artisan Elegance. Discuss the role of technology and personalized marketing in her strategy. Suggest one improvement to her current approach to address the challenges she faces. (5 Marks)

Q3 (B) Ravi Patel runs a premium bakery, Sweet Cravings, in Mumbai, known for its artisan cakes and pastries. While customers appreciated the quality of his offerings, some found the prices high compared to competitors. Ravi decided to analyze his pricing strategy to balance customer perceptions and profitability.

He conducted a survey and discovered that customers valued the use of organic ingredients, unique flavors, and personalized designs. To capture this value, Ravi introduced a tiered pricing strategy: a standard range for budget-conscious customers, a premium range for those seeking exclusivity, and a customizable luxury range for special occasions.

Additionally, he improved communication of value through detailed product descriptions highlighting the premium ingredients and craftsmanship. Over the next three months, Ravi saw an increase in overall sales and customer satisfaction, though some customers in the standard range expressed concerns about affordability. Question

Analyze how Ravi’s pricing strategy reflects an understanding of customer value. Suggest one solution to address the affordability concerns of customers in the standard range while maintaining profitability. (5 Marks)

Quantitative Methods – I

Dec 2024 Examination

Q1. Explain the following concepts:

Difference between point estimate and interval estimate. (2 Marks)
Concept of confidence interval for any estimate (Mean / Proportion). (2 Marks)

And solve the following question

A sample of 30 students’ test scores is randomly selected from a large class. The sample has a mean score of 85 points and a standard deviation of 6 points. Calculate the 99% and 95% confidence intervals for the population mean. (6 Marks)

(10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Estimation is a fundamental aspect of statistics used to draw inferences about population parameters based on sample data. In any study or research where it is impractical to gather information from every member of a population, estimation provides a practical alternative by allowing us to make educated guesses about the population based on a sample. There are two primary types of estimates: point estimates and interval estimates. A point estimate provides a single value as an estimate of a population parameter, while an interval estimate provides a range within which the parameter is expected to fall, offering a degree of confidence in the estimate. The concept of confidence intervals, which is part of interval estimation, allows

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Q2 (A) The monthly rent paid by a group of 15,000 tenants in a city is found to be normally distributed with a mean of ₹12,000 and a standard deviation of ₹1,500. Answer the following questions:

a) What is the probability that a tenant selected at random pays more than ₹10,500 in rent?
b) What is the probability that a tenant selected at random pays more than ₹14,700 in rent?
(5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

Probability distributions are essential in understanding data patterns, especially in large datasets like monthly rents for tenants. In this case, rent data for 15,000 tenants follows a normal distribution, with a mean of ₹12,000 and a standard deviation of ₹1,500. Understanding how likely a particular rent is can provide insights into expected costs for tenants and property managers. Here, we calculate the probabilities of rents being above certain values using concepts from the normal distribution and Z-scores.

Concept and Application

A normal distribution, often called a bell curve, is a continuous probability distribution

Q2 (B) A pharmaceutical company claims that its new drug reduces the average recovery time from the flu to less than 7 days. Historically, the average recovery time for the flu without the drug is 7 days. To test this claim, the company conducted a study with 50 patients who took the new drug. The sample mean recovery time was 6.5 days with a population standard deviation of 2 days. Can we accept the company’s claim at the 5% level of significance? (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

In hypothesis testing, pharmaceutical companies often use statistical methods to validate claims about new drugs. Here, a company claims that its new drug reduces the average recovery time from the flu to less than 7 days, a significant improvement from the historical average of 7 days. To test this claim, a sample of 50 patients was studied, revealing an average recovery time of 6.5 days. We will use a one-sample Z-test at a 5% significance level to determine if the

Business Communication

Dec 2024 Examination

Q1: Jyoti, a seasoned marketing executive, was tasked with presenting a new product launch strategy to two very different audiences: the company’s senior management team and a group of young, tech-savvy consumers. She knew that a one-size-fits-all approach wouldn’t be effective. She needed to adapt her message and delivery to resonate with each group. What factors must Jyoti keep in mind for controlling the style and tone for each of her audience? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Effective communication is crucial for any marketing strategy, especially when addressing different target audiences. Jyoti, as an experienced marketing executive, must recognize that the senior management team and young, tech-savvy consumers represent two distinct groups, each with its own preferences, expectations, and communication styles. The senior management team is likely focused on strategic insights, financial implications, and business outcomes. On the other hand, the tech-savvy consumer group will be interested in innovation, features, user experience, and trends. Therefore, Jyoti needs to adjust her presentation style, language, and approach to cater to these divergent needs. Understanding the audience’s background, preferences, and expectations will allow Jyoti to effectively tailor her message, making it engaging, relevant, and impactful for both groups. This approach ensures that the

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Q2: (A) Anand Industries, a giant into Indian sweets and snacks, is primarily reliant on emails and phone calls for their business. They now want to use more modern digital tools for business communication and managing workflow. What are some of the digital tools the company can use to enhance their business communication? (5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

In today’s digital era, relying solely on emails and phone calls is insufficient for efficient business communication. Anand Industries, a leader in the Indian sweets and snacks market, needs to integrate modern digital tools to streamline communication, improve workflow, and enhance collaboration. By leveraging innovative platforms and software, the company can ensure smoother internal communication, better project management, and improved customer

(B) What ethical communication practices must Anand Industries keep in mind while using digital communication tools?

Ans 2B.

Introduction

In the digital age, as Anand Industries adopts modern communication tools to enhance workflow and connectivity, it is crucial to maintain ethical communication practices. Ethical communication not only upholds the company’s values but also fosters trust, transparency, and integrity in interactions with employees, customers, and stakeholders. In the context of using digital platforms like project management software, instant messaging apps, and CRM systems,

Financial Accounting

Dec 2024 Examination

Q1. Given the following information of ABC Ltd. as of March 31st:

Revenue: Rs. 5,00,000
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): Rs. 3,00,000
Operating Expenses: Rs. 80,000
Depreciation: Rs. 30,000
Tax Rate: 30%

Prepare the Income Statement and calculate the Net Profit after Tax. Additionally, evaluate how the inclusion of non-cash items like depreciation affects the financial position of the company, and discuss its significance in decision-making for stakeholders. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

An Income Statement, also known as a Profit and Loss (P&L) Statement, is a key financial document that summarizes a company’s revenues, expenses, and profits over a specific period. It serves as a critical tool for stakeholders, such as investors and creditors, to assess the company’s profitability and financial health. For ABC Ltd., the provided data will be used to construct an Income Statement for the financial year ending March 31st. Additionally, we will calculate the Net Profit after Tax to determine the company’s earnings performance.

A unique aspect of this analysis includes the impact of non-cash items, such as depreciation. Although depreciation does not represent an actual cash outflow, it affects net income and

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Q2A. Compare and contrast the role of journal entries and ledger accounts in the accounting process. How does the relationship between these two elements ensure accurate financial reporting? Support your answer with examples. (5 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In financial accounting, journal entries and ledger accounts are fundamental components that form the backbone of the accounting process. Journal entries record business transactions in a chronological manner, while ledger accounts categorize and summarize these transactions based on specific accounts (e.g., cash, sales). Together, they provide a clear and structured method to track a company’s financial activities, ensuring accurate and complete financial reporting. Let’s explore their roles, differences, and how they work together to maintain the int

Q2B. Analyze how changes in accounting policies, such as revenue recognition, can alter the interpretation of a corporation’s financial performance and position. Discuss the potential implications for investors and creditors using real-life corporate examples. (5 Marks)

Ans 2b.

Introduction

Accounting policies, like revenue recognition, play a critical role in presenting a company’s financial performance and position. Changes in these policies can significantly affect how income, expenses, and profits are reported, influencing stakeholders’ perception of a company’s financial health. Revenue recognition determines when and how revenue is recorded, and any changes can alter reported earnings. Investors, creditors, and other stakeholders rely on

Marketing Management

Dec 2024 Examination

Q1. XYZ Corporation is a leading retailer in the fashion industry, primarily targeting middle-aged consumers. However, recent demographic shifts show a growing population of younger consumers with different tastes and purchasing behaviors. As the marketing manager, you are tasked with adjusting XYZ Corporation’s marketing strategy to better serve this changing demographic. Analyze the impact of the demographic changes on XYZ Corporation’s marketing strategy. Propose a new marketing strategy that considers these demographic shifts and addresses potential challenges. Justify your recommendations with appropriate marketing theories and concepts. (10 Marks)Ans 1.

Introduction

XYZ Corporation is a prominent retailer in the fashion industry, traditionally focused on serving middle-aged consumers. However, recent shifts in demographics indicate a growing interest from younger consumers. These younger demographics, typically Gen Z and Millennials, differ significantly in their preferences, shopping habits, and values. Unlike the older generation, these consumers seek trendy, sustainable, and unique products and are highly influenced by digital trends, social media, and online influencers.

To remain competitive and increase market share, XYZ Corporation must adapt its marketing strategy to meet the needs of these younger consumers. This adaptation involves understanding th

ly bridge the gap between its traditional and emerging consumer segments.

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Q2A. A company that has been successfully selling consumer electronics to individual customers is planning to enter the business market by offering bulk sales of its products to corporate clients. As a marketing manager, you need to prepare a briefing on how the business market differs from the consumer market. Explain two key differences between business markets and consumer markets that the company should consider when developing its marketing strategy. Provide examples to illustrate these differences. (5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

A consumer electronics company looking to expand into the business market must understand the fundamental differences between business markets (B2B) and consumer markets (B2C). While consumer markets focus on individual buyers, business markets target organizations, corporations, or businesses that purchase products in bulk for operational use or resale. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing an effective marketing strategy tailored to meet the specific needs and expectations of corporate clients, ensuring successful

Q2B. A leading consumer electronics company is facing declining sales for its flagship smartphone model. The company’s management has decided to initiate a new product development process, starting with internal idea generation. Describe how the company could effectively use its internal resources to generate new product ideas. What are the potential challenges and benefits of relying solely on internal sources for idea generation? (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

The consumer electronics company faces declining sales for its flagship product and aims to rejuvenate its portfolio through an internal idea generation process. Internal idea generation leverages the company’s existing talent, expertise, and industry knowledge to create innovative product solutions. By utilizing in-house teams for brainstorming and development, the company hopes to capitalize on its employees’ insights and reduce the time needed for product id

Micro Economics & Macro Economics

Dec 2024 Examination

Q1: The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 caused significant disruptions to international business operations because numerous firms relied on suppliers from different nations, notably China. Many companies used lean production methods and kept low inventories in order to cut costs. However, this made them susceptible to supply chain interruptions. For instance, worldwide supply lines for electronics, including parts for laptops and cell phones, were impacted when lockdowns forced Chinese facilities to close. The fact that a large portion of auto parts were made in China presented difficulties for auto makers as well, resulting in major global production halts.

What impact would the COVID-19 worldwide lockdowns have on Europe’s supply curves for consumer electronics and auto factories? Explain your observations about the aforementioned scenario, emphasizing the supply side and the shift in the supply curve.
(Note: You can make assumptions as per the requirement of the case.) (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 created unprecedented disruptions in global supply chains, particularly impacting industries heavily reliant on international suppliers, such as consumer electronics and the automotive sector. Europe, like many other regions, faced severe consequences as a result of lockdowns, especially in China, which is a major supplier of critical components. Lean production strategies, which emphasize minimal inventory to reduce costs, became a double-edged sword, leading to significant vulnerabilities when supply chains were interrupted. As a result, many European firms found themselves unable to source key parts, halting production and affecting availability in the market. This supply shock led to shifts in s

Q2 (A): The London “black cab” taxis are amongst some of the most expensive in the world. They compete to some extent with minicabs, which tend to be cheaper. However, minicabs are not allowed to pick up customers off the street; they have to be booked in advance, and their drivers do not have to memorize a London street map. Minicabs operate in a more competitive market and require less of the drivers. Black cab (licensed) cab drivers must pass a background check and medical test and pay fees over 200 pounds. This may help to ensure that passengers are safe and drivers are accountable, but it also means that they have a monopoly on picking up people on the streets. Elaborate on the given market structure (Black cabs and Minicabs) and discuss the implications for markets with high barriers to entry. (5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

The London taxi market is an illustrative example of a market segmented by regulatory barriers, specifically in the contrast between “black cabs” and “minicabs.” Black cabs, known for their iconic appearance and premium rates, hold exclusive rights to pick up customers off the street, a privilege secured through strict licensing requirements. Minicabs, though cheaper and less regulated, cannot legally pick up street passengers without prior booking. This structure, highlighting the impact of regulatory and economic barriers, provides insights into competitive dynamics and consumer implications within markets with high entry barriers.

Concept and Application

The distinct market structure of London’s black cabs and minicabs arises from different

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Q2(B): The two main industries driving Zamland’s economy are manufacturing and agriculture. The government aims to optimize production in both areas, given its limited financial resources and workforce of ten thousand individuals. In order to improve economic well-being, a balance between agricultural produce and manufactured items is desired.
Based on resource allocation, the Zamland PPC (Production Possibility Curve) shows different production combinations for manufactured items and agricultural goods.

The PPC for Zamland illustrates various production combinations for agricultural goods and manufactured products based on resource allocation.

Production Combinations (Hypothetical Table)	Agricultural Goods (Units)	Manufactured Products (Units)
Point A	500	0
Point B	400	50
Point C	300	80
Point D	200	100
Point E	100	120
Point F	0	140

Explain the concept of Production Possibility Curve and the scarcity in Zamland that is reflected in the production possibility curve in the given scenario. You are also required to share your views on the implications of operating inside the production possibility curve in Zamland and what does it suggest about resource utilization? (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

The Production Possibility Curve (PPC) is an economic tool that illustrates the trade-offs and opportunity costs a country faces when allocating resources between different goods. In Zamland, the PPC shows the production possibilities between two vital industries: agriculture and manufacturing. With limited financial resources and a workforce of 10,000, Zamland must strategically balance these sectors to optimize economic output. Understanding the PPC allows

Organizational Behavior

Dec 2024 Examination

Q1. Nisha, as a head of operations at a mid-sized manufacturing company, has a team that is diverse in both experience and motivation levels. The company has recently undergone a turnaround process, that has left some employees feeling insecure about their future roles. Nisha observes that some of her team members are highly motivated and consistently exceed their targets. A few others seem disengaged and often struggle to meet their goals.

As an OB expert, Nisha is considering different motivational strategies to improve team performance. She is aware that a one-size-fits-all approach may not work. Based on motivation theories (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory), evaluate the possible reasons for the varying levels of motivation in Nisha’s team. Recommend strategies Nisha could implement to boost motivation across the team, considering both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

In the modern business environment, motivation plays a crucial role in achieving organizational success. For leaders like Nisha, managing a diverse team with varying levels of experience, skills, and motivation can be challenging, especially after a significant organizational change. Motivation is the driving force that encourages employees to meet their goals and contribute effectively to the organization. However, due to the recent turnaround process, some team members may feel insecure about their roles, which can impact their engagement levels. The disparity in motivation levels within Nisha’s team suggests that a single approach may not suffice. Utilizing well-established motivational theories such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Nisha can develop a more tailored strategy that addresses each team member’s unique needs and motivations. By understanding these theories and applying them effectively, Nisha can foster a more motivated,

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Q2 (A) Vidya is a project leader at an IT company, and her team has individuals with varying levels of experience and cultural backgrounds. Recently, she noticed a disagreement and arguments between two team members, Richard and Pallavi. Richard believes that Pallavi is not contributing enough to the team’s success, while Pallavi feels that Richard undermines her ideas and doesn’t give her the opportunity to share her thoughts.

As their leader, Vidya wants to understand the situation better and resolve the issue. Based on the concept of human perception, explain how Vidya can use her understanding of the key stages of perceptual processes to address the situation between Richard and Pallavi. (5 Marks)

Ans 2A.

Introduction

Conflict in diverse teams is common, especially when individuals hold different perspectives on contributions and recognition. As a project leader, Vidya faces a challenge in resolving a conflict between two team members, Richard and Pallavi. Richard perceives Pallavi as less contributive, while Pallavi feels undermined. Vidya can use her understanding of the perceptual process to assess how each team member’s perception influences their actions and emotions, ultimately guiding them toward a more collaborative relationship.

Concept and Application

Perception plays a critical role in interpersonal relationships, as individuals interpret i

Q2 (B) Brijesh, a senior manager at a retail company, is preparing his department for the launch of a new product line. During a meeting, he notices a clear division in attitudes of subordinates: some, like Ashish and Mohan, express strong support for the company’s focus on sustainability, driven by their personal values of environmental responsibility. Others, like Dinesh and Eshwar, are more skeptical, focusing on the potential financial risks of this shift.

Analyze how the alignment (or misalignment) of personal values with workplace attitudes can impact the department’s performance. (5 Marks)

Ans 2B.

Introduction

In any workplace, the alignment between employees’ personal values and organizational goals significantly impacts morale, commitment, and performance. In Brijesh’s department, a divide exists between those who value sustainability and those who prioritize financial stability. Ashish and Mohan align with the company’s sustainability focus, while Dinesh and Eshwar remain skeptical due to financial concerns. Understanding how these differences affect workplace attitudes and performance can help Brijesh foster a balanced environment that

Business Communication
Dec 2024 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1: Jyoti, a seasoned marketing executive, was tasked with presenting a new product
launch strategy to two very different audiences: the company’s senior management team
and a group of young, tech-savvy consumers. She knew that a one-size-fits-all approach
wouldn’t be effective. She needed to adapt her message and delivery to resonate with each
group. What factors must Jyoti keep in mind for controlling the style and tone for each
of her audience? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Effective communication is crucial for any marketing strategy, especially when addressing
different target audiences. Jyoti, as an experienced marketing executive, must recognize that
the senior management team and young, tech-savvy consumers represent two distinct groups,
each with its own preferences, expectations, and communication styles. The senior
management team is likely focused on strategic insights, financial implications, and business
outcomes. On the other hand, the tech-savvy consumer group will be interested in innovation,
features, user experience, and trends. Therefore, Jyoti needs to adjust her presentation style,
language, and approach to cater to these divergent needs. Understanding the audience’s
background, preferences, and expectations will allow Jyoti to effectively tailor her message,
making it engaging, relevant, and impactful for both groups. This approach ensures that the
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Available for session DEC 2024
The last date is 29
th
NOV- 2024
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Q2: (A) Anand Industries, a giant into Indian sweets and snacks, is primarily reliant on
emails and phone calls for their business. They now want to use more modern digital tools
for business communication and managing workflow. What are some of the digital tools
the company can use to enhance their business communication? (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
In today’s digital era, relying solely on emails and phone calls is insufficient for efficient
business communication. Anand Industries, a leader in the Indian sweets and snacks market,
needs to integrate modern digital tools to streamline communication, improve workflow, and
enhance collaboration. By leveraging innovative platforms and software, the company can
ensure smoother internal communication, better project management, and improved customer
(B) What ethical communication practices must Anand Industries keep in mind while
using digital communication tools?
Ans 2B.
Introduction
In the digital age, as Anand Industries adopts modern communication tools to enhance
workflow and connectivity, it is crucial to maintain ethical communication practices. Ethical
communication not only upholds the company’s values but also fosters trust, transparency, and
integrity in interactions with employees, customers, and stakeholders. In the context of using
digital platforms like project management software, instant messaging apps, and CRM systems,
Financial Accounting
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1. Given the following information of ABC Ltd. as of March 31st:
1. Revenue: Rs. 5,00,000
2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): Rs. 3,00,000
3. Operating Expenses: Rs. 80,000
4. Depreciation: Rs. 30,000
5. Tax Rate: 30%
Prepare the Income Statement and calculate the Net Profit after Tax. Additionally,
evaluate how the inclusion of non-cash items like depreciation affects the financial
position of the company, and discuss its significance in decision-making for stakeholders.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
An Income Statement, also known as a Profit and Loss (P&L) Statement, is a key financial
document that summarizes a company’s revenues, expenses, and profits over a specific period.
It serves as a critical tool for stakeholders, such as investors and creditors, to assess the
company’s profitability and financial health. For ABC Ltd., the provided data will be used to
construct an Income Statement for the financial year ending March 31st. Additionally, we will
calculate the Net Profit after Tax to determine the company’s earnings performance.
A unique aspect of this analysis includes the impact of non-cash items, such as depreciation.
Although depreciation does not represent an actual cash outflow, it affects net income and
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th
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Q2A. Compare and contrast the role of journal entries and ledger accounts in the
accounting process. How does the relationship between these two elements ensure
accurate financial reporting? Support your answer with examples. (5 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In financial accounting, journal entries and ledger accounts are fundamental components that
form the backbone of the accounting process. Journal entries record business transactions in a
chronological manner, while ledger accounts categorize and summarize these transactions
based on specific accounts (e.g., cash, sales). Together, they provide a clear and structured
method to track a company’s financial activities, ensuring accurate and complete financial
reporting. Let’s explore their roles, differences, and how they work together to maintain the int
Q2B. Analyze how changes in accounting policies, such as revenue recognition, can alter
the interpretation of a corporation’s financial performance and position. Discuss the
potential implications for investors and creditors using real-life corporate examples. (5
Marks)
Ans 2b.
Introduction
Accounting policies, like revenue recognition, play a critical role in presenting a company’s
financial performance and position. Changes in these policies can significantly affect how
income, expenses, and profits are reported, influencing stakeholders’ perception of a company’s
financial health. Revenue recognition determines when and how revenue is recorded, and any
changes can alter reported earnings. Investors, creditors, and other stakeholders rely on
Marketing Management
Dec 2024 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. XYZ Corporation is a leading retailer in the fashion industry, primarily targeting
middle-aged consumers. However, recent demographic shifts show a growing population
of younger consumers with different tastes and purchasing behaviors. As the marketing
manager, you are tasked with adjusting XYZ Corporation’s marketing strategy to better
serve this changing demographic. Analyze the impact of the demographic changes on
XYZ Corporation’s marketing strategy. Propose a new marketing strategy that considers
these demographic shifts and addresses potential challenges. Justify your
recommendations with appropriate marketing theories and concepts. (10 Marks)Ans 1.
Introduction
XYZ Corporation is a prominent retailer in the fashion industry, traditionally focused on
serving middle-aged consumers. However, recent shifts in demographics indicate a growing
interest from younger consumers. These younger demographics, typically Gen Z and
Millennials, differ significantly in their preferences, shopping habits, and values. Unlike the
older generation, these consumers seek trendy, sustainable, and unique products and are highly
influenced by digital trends, social media, and online influencers.
To remain competitive and increase market share, XYZ Corporation must adapt its marketing
strategy to meet the needs of these younger consumers. This adaptation involves understanding
th
ly bridge the gap between its traditional and emerging consumer segments.
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NMIMS Complete Solved Assignments
Available for session DEC 2024
The last date is 29
th
NOV- 2024
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Q2A. A company that has been successfully selling consumer electronics to individual
customers is planning to enter the business market by offering bulk sales of its products
to corporate clients. As a marketing manager, you need to prepare a briefing on how the
business market differs from the consumer market. Explain two key differences between
business markets and consumer markets that the company should consider when
developing its marketing strategy. Provide examples to illustrate these differences. (5
Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
A consumer electronics company looking to expand into the business market must understand
the fundamental differences between business markets (B2B) and consumer markets (B2C).
While consumer markets focus on individual buyers, business markets target organizations,
corporations, or businesses that purchase products in bulk for operational use or resale.
Understanding these differences is crucial for developing an effective marketing strategy
tailored to meet the specific needs and expectations of corporate clients, ensuring successful
Q2B. A leading consumer electronics company is facing declining sales for its flagship
smartphone model. The company’s management has decided to initiate a new product
development process, starting with internal idea generation. Describe how the company
could effectively use its internal resources to generate new product ideas. What are the
potential challenges and benefits of relying solely on internal sources for idea generation?
(5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
The consumer electronics company faces declining sales for its flagship product and aims to
rejuvenate its portfolio through an internal idea generation process. Internal idea generation
leverages the company’s existing talent, expertise, and industry knowledge to create innovative
product solutions. By utilizing in-house teams for brainstorming and development, the
company hopes to capitalize on its employees’ insights and reduce the time needed for product
id
Micro Economics & Macro Economics
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1: The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 caused significant disruptions to international
business operations because numerous firms relied on suppliers from different nations,
notably China. Many companies used lean production methods and kept low inventories
in order to cut costs. However, this made them susceptible to supply chain interruptions.
For instance, worldwide supply lines for electronics, including parts for laptops and cell
phones, were impacted when lockdowns forced Chinese facilities to close. The fact that a
large portion of auto parts were made in China presented difficulties for auto makers as
well, resulting in major global production halts.
What impact would the COVID-19 worldwide lockdowns have on Europe’s supply curves
for consumer electronics and auto factories? Explain your observations about the
aforementioned scenario, emphasizing the supply side and the shift in the supply curve.
(Note: You can make assumptions as per the requirement of the case.) (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 created unprecedented disruptions in global supply chains,
particularly impacting industries heavily reliant on international suppliers, such as consumer
electronics and the automotive sector. Europe, like many other regions, faced severe
consequences as a result of lockdowns, especially in China, which is a major supplier of critical
components. Lean production strategies, which emphasize minimal inventory to reduce costs,
became a double-edged sword, leading to significant vulnerabilities when supply chains were
interrupted. As a result, many European firms found themselves unable to source key parts,
halting production and affecting availability in the market. This supply shock led to shifts in s
Q2 (A): The London “black cab” taxis are amongst some of the most expensive in the
world. They compete to some extent with minicabs, which tend to be cheaper. However,
minicabs are not allowed to pick up customers off the street; they have to be booked in
advance, and their drivers do not have to memorize a London street map. Minicabs
operate in a more competitive market and require less of the drivers. Black cab (licensed)
cab drivers must pass a background check and medical test and pay fees over 200 pounds.
This may help to ensure that passengers are safe and drivers are accountable, but it also
means that they have a monopoly on picking up people on the streets. Elaborate on the
given market structure (Black cabs and Minicabs) and discuss the implications for
markets with high barriers to entry. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
The London taxi market is an illustrative example of a market segmented by regulatory barriers,
specifically in the contrast between “black cabs” and “minicabs.” Black cabs, known for their
iconic appearance and premium rates, hold exclusive rights to pick up customers off the street,
a privilege secured through strict licensing requirements. Minicabs, though cheaper and less
regulated, cannot legally pick up street passengers without prior booking. This structure,
highlighting the impact of regulatory and economic barriers, provides insights into competitive
dynamics and consumer implications within markets with high entry barriers.
Concept and Application
The distinct market structure of London’s black cabs and minicabs arises from different
It is only half solved
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The last date is 29
th
NOV- 2024
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Q2(B): The two main industries driving Zamland’s economy are manufacturing and
agriculture. The government aims to optimize production in both areas, given its limited
financial resources and workforce of ten thousand individuals. In order to improve
economic well-being, a balance between agricultural produce and manufactured items is
desired.
Based on resource allocation, the Zamland PPC (Production Possibility Curve) shows
different production combinations for manufactured items and agricultural goods.
The PPC for Zamland illustrates various production combinations for agricultural goods
and manufactured products based on resource allocation.
Production
Combinations
(Hypothetical Table)
Agricultural Goods
(Units)
Manufactured Products
(Units)
Point A
500
0
Point B
400
50
Point C
300
80
Point D
200
100
Point E
100
120
Point F
0
140
Explain the concept of Production Possibility Curve and the scarcity in Zamland that is
reflected in the production possibility curve in the given scenario. You are also required
to share your views on the implications of operating inside the production possibility
curve in Zamland and what does it suggest about resource utilization? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
The Production Possibility Curve (PPC) is an economic tool that illustrates the trade-offs and
opportunity costs a country faces when allocating resources between different goods. In
Zamland, the PPC shows the production possibilities between two vital industries: agriculture
and manufacturing. With limited financial resources and a workforce of 10,000, Zamland must
strategically balance these sectors to optimize economic output. Understanding the PPC allows
Organizational Behavior
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1. Nisha, as a head of operations at a mid-sized manufacturing company, has a team
that is diverse in both experience and motivation levels. The company has recently
undergone a turnaround process, that has left some employees feeling insecure about
their future roles. Nisha observes that some of her team members are highly motivated
and consistently exceed their targets. A few others seem disengaged and often struggle to
meet their goals.
As an OB expert, Nisha is considering different motivational strategies to improve team
performance. She is aware that a one-size-fits-all approach may not work. Based on
motivation theories (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory), evaluate the possible reasons for the varying levels of
motivation in Nisha’s team. Recommend strategies Nisha could implement to boost
motivation across the team, considering both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the modern business environment, motivation plays a crucial role in achieving organizational
success. For leaders like Nisha, managing a diverse team with varying levels of experience,
skills, and motivation can be challenging, especially after a significant organizational change.
Motivation is the driving force that encourages employees to meet their goals and contribute
effectively to the organization. However, due to the recent turnaround process, some team
members may feel insecure about their roles, which can impact their engagement levels. The
disparity in motivation levels within Nisha’s team suggests that a single approach may not
suffice. Utilizing well-established motivational theories such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs,
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Nisha can develop a more
tailored strategy that addresses each team member’s unique needs and motivations. By
understanding these theories and applying them effectively, Nisha can foster a more motivated,
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Q2 (A) Vidya is a project leader at an IT company, and her team has individuals with
varying levels of experience and cultural backgrounds. Recently, she noticed a
disagreement and arguments between two team members, Richard and Pallavi. Richard
believes that Pallavi is not contributing enough to the team’s success, while Pallavi feels
that Richard undermines her ideas and doesn’t give her the opportunity to share her
thoughts.
As their leader, Vidya wants to understand the situation better and resolve the issue.
Based on the concept of human perception, explain how Vidya can use her understanding
of the key stages of perceptual processes to address the situation between Richard and
Pallavi. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Conflict in diverse teams is common, especially when individuals hold different perspectives
on contributions and recognition. As a project leader, Vidya faces a challenge in resolving a
conflict between two team members, Richard and Pallavi. Richard perceives Pallavi as less
contributive, while Pallavi feels undermined. Vidya can use her understanding of the perceptual
process to assess how each team member’s perception influences their actions and emotions,
ultimately guiding them toward a more collaborative relationship.
Concept and Application
Perception plays a critical role in interpersonal relationships, as individuals interpret i
Q2 (B) Brijesh, a senior manager at a retail company, is preparing his department for the
launch of a new product line. During a meeting, he notices a clear division in attitudes of
subordinates: some, like Ashish and Mohan, express strong support for the company’s
focus on sustainability, driven by their personal values of environmental responsibility.
Others, like Dinesh and Eshwar, are more skeptical, focusing on the potential financial
risks of this shift.
Analyze how the alignment (or misalignment) of personal values with workplace attitudes
can impact the department’s performance. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
In any workplace, the alignment between employees’ personal values and organizational goals
significantly impacts morale, commitment, and performance. In Brijesh’s department, a divide
exists between those who value sustainability and those who prioritize financial stability.
Ashish and Mohan align with the company’s sustainability focus, while Dinesh and Eshwar
remain skeptical due to financial concerns. Understanding how these differences affect
workplace attitudes and performance can help Brijesh foster a balanced environment that
Quantitative Methods – I
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1. Explain the following concepts:
Difference between point estimate and interval estimate. (2 Marks)
Concept of confidence interval for any estimate (Mean / Proportion). (2 Marks)
And solve the following question
A sample of 30 students’ test scores is randomly selected from a large class. The sample
has a mean score of 85 points and a standard deviation of 6 points. Calculate the 99%
and 95% confidence intervals for the population mean. (6 Marks)
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Estimation is a fundamental aspect of statistics used to draw inferences about population
parameters based on sample data. In any study or research where it is impractical to gather
information from every member of a population, estimation provides a practical alternative by
allowing us to make educated guesses about the population based on a sample. There are two
primary types of estimates: point estimates and interval estimates. A point estimate provides a
single value as an estimate of a population parameter, while an interval estimate provides a
range within which the parameter is expected to fall, offering a degree of confidence in the
estimate. The concept of confidence intervals, which is part of interval estimation, allows
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Q2 (A) The monthly rent paid by a group of 15,000 tenants in a city is found to be
normally distributed with a mean of ₹12,000 and a standard deviation of ₹1,500. Answer
the following questions:
a) What is the probability that a tenant selected at random pays more than ₹10,500 in
rent?
b) What is the probability that a tenant selected at random pays more than ₹14,700 in
rent?
(5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Probability distributions are essential in understanding data patterns, especially in large
datasets like monthly rents for tenants. In this case, rent data for 15,000 tenants follows a
normal distribution, with a mean of ₹12,000 and a standard deviation of ₹1,500. Understanding
how likely a particular rent is can provide insights into expected costs for tenants and property
managers. Here, we calculate the probabilities of rents being above certain values using
concepts from the normal distribution and Z-scores.
Concept and Application
A normal distribution, often called a bell curve, is a continuous probability distribution
Q2 (B) A pharmaceutical company claims that its new drug reduces the average recovery
time from the flu to less than 7 days. Historically, the average recovery time for the flu
without the drug is 7 days. To test this claim, the company conducted a study with 50
patients who took the new drug. The sample mean recovery time was 6.5 days with a
population standard deviation of 2 days. Can we accept the company’s claim at the 5%
level of significance? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
In hypothesis testing, pharmaceutical companies often use statistical methods to validate claims
about new drugs. Here, a company claims that its new drug reduces the average recovery time
from the flu to less than 7 days, a significant improvement from the historical average of 7
days. To test this claim, a sample of 50 patients was studied, revealing an average recovery
time of 6.5 days. We will use a one-sample Z-test at a 5% significance level to determine if the

Business Communication
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1: Jyoti, a seasoned marketing executive, was tasked with presenting a new product
launch strategy to two very different audiences: the company’s senior management team
and a group of young, tech-savvy consumers. She knew that a one-size-fits-all approach
wouldn’t be effective. She needed to adapt her message and delivery to resonate with each
group. What factors must Jyoti keep in mind for controlling the style and tone for each
of her audience? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Effective communication is crucial for any marketing strategy, especially when addressing
different target audiences. Jyoti, as an experienced marketing executive, must recognize that
the senior management team and young, tech-savvy consumers represent two distinct groups,
each with its own preferences, expectations, and communication styles. The senior
management team is likely focused on strategic insights, financial implications, and business
outcomes. On the other hand, the tech-savvy consumer group will be interested in innovation,
features, user experience, and trends. Therefore, Jyoti needs to adjust her presentation style,
language, and approach to cater to these divergent needs. Understanding the audience’s
background, preferences, and expectations will allow Jyoti to effectively tailor her message,
making it engaging, relevant, and impactful for both groups. This approach ensures that the
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Q2: (A) Anand Industries, a giant into Indian sweets and snacks, is primarily reliant on
emails and phone calls for their business. They now want to use more modern digital tools
for business communication and managing workflow. What are some of the digital tools
the company can use to enhance their business communication? (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
In today’s digital era, relying solely on emails and phone calls is insufficient for efficient
business communication. Anand Industries, a leader in the Indian sweets and snacks market,
needs to integrate modern digital tools to streamline communication, improve workflow, and
enhance collaboration. By leveraging innovative platforms and software, the company can
ensure smoother internal communication, better project management, and improved customer
(B) What ethical communication practices must Anand Industries keep in mind while
using digital communication tools?
Ans 2B.
Introduction
In the digital age, as Anand Industries adopts modern communication tools to enhance
workflow and connectivity, it is crucial to maintain ethical communication practices. Ethical
communication not only upholds the company’s values but also fosters trust, transparency, and
integrity in interactions with employees, customers, and stakeholders. In the context of using
digital platforms like project management software, instant messaging apps, and CRM systems,
e
Financial Accounting
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1. Given the following information of ABC Ltd. as of March 31st:
1. Revenue: Rs. 5,00,000
2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): Rs. 3,00,000
3. Operating Expenses: Rs. 80,000
4. Depreciation: Rs. 30,000
5. Tax Rate: 30%
Prepare the Income Statement and calculate the Net Profit after Tax. Additionally,
evaluate how the inclusion of non-cash items like depreciation affects the financial
position of the company, and discuss its significance in decision-making for stakeholders.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
An Income Statement, also known as a Profit and Loss (P&L) Statement, is a key financial
document that summarizes a company’s revenues, expenses, and profits over a specific period.
It serves as a critical tool for stakeholders, such as investors and creditors, to assess the
company’s profitability and financial health. For ABC Ltd., the provided data will be used to
construct an Income Statement for the financial year ending March 31st. Additionally, we will
calculate the Net Profit after Tax to determine the company’s earnings performance.
A unique aspect of this analysis includes the impact of non-cash items, such as depreciation.
Although depreciation does not represent an actual cash outflow, it affects net income and
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Q2A. Compare and contrast the role of journal entries and ledger accounts in the
accounting process. How does the relationship between these two elements ensure
accurate financial reporting? Support your answer with examples. (5 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In financial accounting, journal entries and ledger accounts are fundamental components that
form the backbone of the accounting process. Journal entries record business transactions in a
chronological manner, while ledger accounts categorize and summarize these transactions
based on specific accounts (e.g., cash, sales). Together, they provide a clear and structured
method to track a company’s financial activities, ensuring accurate and complete financial
reporting. Let’s explore their roles, differences, and how they work together to maintain the int
Q2B. Analyze how changes in accounting policies, such as revenue recognition, can alter
the interpretation of a corporation’s financial performance and position. Discuss the
potential implications for investors and creditors using real-life corporate examples. (5
Marks)
Ans 2b.
Introduction
Accounting policies, like revenue recognition, play a critical role in presenting a company’s
financial performance and position. Changes in these policies can significantly affect how
income, expenses, and profits are reported, influencing stakeholders’ perception of a company’s
financial health. Revenue recognition determines when and how revenue is recorded, and any
changes can alter reported earnings. Investors, creditors, and other stakeholders rely on
Marketing Management
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1 Scenario: XYZ Corporation, a leading fashion retailer, traditionally caters to middleaged
consumers.
Due
to
demographic
shifts,
there
is
a
growing
interest
among
younger

consumers with different tastes and
purchasing
behaviors.
Task:
As a marketing manager, propose a revised marketing strategy for XYZ Corporation.
Address the demographic shift, and justify your recommendations using relevant
marketing theories and concepts.
Ans 1.
Introduction
XYZ Corporation is a prominent retailer in the fashion industry, traditionally focused on
serving middle-aged consumers. However, recent shifts in demographics indicate a growing
interest from younger consumers. These younger demographics, typically Gen Z and
Millennials, differ significantly in their preferences, shopping habits, and values. Unlike the
older generation, these consumers seek trendy, sustainable, and unique products and are highly
influenced by digital trends, social media, and online influencers.
To remain competitive and increase market share, XYZ Corporation must adapt its marketing
strategy to meet the needs of these younger consumers. This adaptation involves understanding
th
ly bridge the gap between its traditional and emerging consumer segments.
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Q2(A): A consumer electronics company wants to expand into the business market by
offering bulk sales to corporate clients. Explain two key differences between business
markets and consumer markets, with examples.
Ans 2A.
Introduction
A consumer electronics company looking to expand into the business market must understand
the fundamental differences between business markets (B2B) and consumer markets (B2C).
While consumer markets focus on individual buyers, business markets target organizations,
corporations, or businesses that purchase products in bulk for operational use or resale.
Understanding these differences is crucial for developing an effective marketing strategy
tailored to meet the specific needs and expectations of corporate clients, ensuring successful
Q2(B): The same electronics company is experiencing declining sales for its flagship
product and plans to initiate an internal idea generation process. Discuss the effectiveness
of using internal resources for new product ideas, highlighting potential challenges and
benefits.
Ans 2B.
Introduction
The consumer electronics company faces declining sales for its flagship product and aims to
rejuvenate its portfolio through an internal idea generation process. Internal idea generation
leverages the company’s existing talent, expertise, and industry knowledge to create innovative
product solutions. By utilizing in-house teams for brainstorming and development, the
company hopes to capitalize on its employees’ insights and reduce the time needed for product
id
Micro Economics & Macro Economics
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1: The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 caused significant disruptions to international
business operations because numerous firms relied on suppliers from different nations,
notably China. Many companies used lean production methods and kept low inventories
in order to cut costs. However, this made them susceptible to supply chain interruptions.
For instance, worldwide supply lines for electronics, including parts for laptops and cell
phones, were impacted when lockdowns forced Chinese facilities to close. The fact that a
large portion of auto parts were made in China presented difficulties for auto makers as
well, resulting in major global production halts.
What impact would the COVID-19 worldwide lockdowns have on Europe’s supply curves
for consumer electronics and auto factories? Explain your observations about the
aforementioned scenario, emphasizing the supply side and the shift in the supply curve.
(Note: You can make assumptions as per the requirement of the case.) (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 created unprecedented disruptions in global supply chains,
particularly impacting industries heavily reliant on international suppliers, such as consumer
electronics and the automotive sector. Europe, like many other regions, faced severe
consequences as a result of lockdowns, especially in China, which is a major supplier of critical
components. Lean production strategies, which emphasize minimal inventory to reduce costs,
became a double-edged sword, leading to significant vulnerabilities when supply chains were
interrupted. As a result, many European firms found themselves unable to source key parts,
halting production and affecting availability in the market. This supply shock led to shifts in s
Q2 (A): The London “black cab” taxis are amongst some of the most expensive in the
world. They compete to some extent with minicabs, which tend to be cheaper. However,
minicabs are not allowed to pick up customers off the street; they have to be booked in
advance, and their drivers do not have to memorize a London street map. Minicabs
operate in a more competitive market and require less of the drivers. Black cab (licensed)
cab drivers must pass a background check and medical test and pay fees over 200 pounds.
This may help to ensure that passengers are safe and drivers are accountable, but it also
means that they have a monopoly on picking up people on the streets. Elaborate on the
given market structure (Black cabs and Minicabs) and discuss the implications for
markets with high barriers to entry. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
The London taxi market is an illustrative example of a market segmented by regulatory barriers,
specifically in the contrast between “black cabs” and “minicabs.” Black cabs, known for their
iconic appearance and premium rates, hold exclusive rights to pick up customers off the street,
a privilege secured through strict licensing requirements. Minicabs, though cheaper and less
regulated, cannot legally pick up street passengers without prior booking. This structure,
highlighting the impact of regulatory and economic barriers, provides insights into competitive
dynamics and consumer implications within markets with high entry barriers.
Concept and Application
The distinct market structure of London’s black cabs and minicabs arises from different
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Q2(B): The two main industries driving Zamland’s economy are manufacturing and
agriculture. The government aims to optimize production in both areas, given its limited
financial resources and workforce of ten thousand individuals. In order to improve
economic well-being, a balance between agricultural produce and manufactured items is
desired.
Based on resource allocation, the Zamland PPC (Production Possibility Curve) shows
different production combinations for manufactured items and agricultural goods.
The PPC for Zamland illustrates various production combinations for agricultural goods
and manufactured products based on resource allocation.
Production
Combinations
(Hypothetical Table)
Agricultural Goods
(Units)
Manufactured Products
(Units)
Point A
500
0
Point B
400
50
Point C
300
80
Point D
200
100
Point E
100
120
Point F
0
140
Explain the concept of Production Possibility Curve and the scarcity in Zamland that is
reflected in the production possibility curve in the given scenario. You are also required
to share your views on the implications of operating inside the production possibility
curve in Zamland and what does it suggest about resource utilization? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
The Production Possibility Curve (PPC) is an economic tool that illustrates the trade-offs and
opportunity costs a country faces when allocating resources between different goods. In
Zamland, the PPC shows the production possibilities between two vital industries: agriculture
and manufacturing. With limited financial resources and a workforce of 10,000, Zamland must
strategically balance these sectors to optimize economic output. Understanding the PPC allows
Organizational Behavior
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1. Nisha, as a head of operations at a mid-sized manufacturing company, has a team
that is diverse in both experience and motivation levels. The company has recently
undergone a turnaround process, that has left some employees feeling insecure about
their future roles. Nisha observes that some of her team members are highly motivated
and consistently exceed their targets. A few others seem disengaged and often struggle to
meet their goals.
As an OB expert, Nisha is considering different motivational strategies to improve team
performance. She is aware that a one-size-fits-all approach may not work. Based on
motivation theories (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory), evaluate the possible reasons for the varying levels of
motivation in Nisha’s team. Recommend strategies Nisha could implement to boost
motivation across the team, considering both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the modern business environment, motivation plays a crucial role in achieving organizational
success. For leaders like Nisha, managing a diverse team with varying levels of experience,
skills, and motivation can be challenging, especially after a significant organizational change.
Motivation is the driving force that encourages employees to meet their goals and contribute
effectively to the organization. However, due to the recent turnaround process, some team
members may feel insecure about their roles, which can impact their engagement levels. The
disparity in motivation levels within Nisha’s team suggests that a single approach may not
suffice. Utilizing well-established motivational theories such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs,
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Nisha can develop a more
tailored strategy that addresses each team member’s unique needs and motivations. By
understanding these theories and applying them effectively, Nisha can foster a more motivated,
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The last date is 29
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NOV- 2024
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Q2 (A) Vidya is a project leader at an IT company, and her team has individuals with
varying levels of experience and cultural backgrounds. Recently, she noticed a
disagreement and arguments between two team members, Richard and Pallavi. Richard
believes that Pallavi is not contributing enough to the team’s success, while Pallavi feels
that Richard undermines her ideas and doesn’t give her the opportunity to share her
thoughts.
As their leader, Vidya wants to understand the situation better and resolve the issue.
Based on the concept of human perception, explain how Vidya can use her understanding
of the key stages of perceptual processes to address the situation between Richard and
Pallavi. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Conflict in diverse teams is common, especially when individuals hold different perspectives
on contributions and recognition. As a project leader, Vidya faces a challenge in resolving a
conflict between two team members, Richard and Pallavi. Richard perceives Pallavi as less
contributive, while Pallavi feels undermined. Vidya can use her understanding of the perceptual
process to assess how each team member’s perception influences their actions and emotions,
ultimately guiding them toward a more collaborative relationship.
Concept and Application
Perception plays a critical role in interpersonal relationships, as individuals interpret i
Q2 (B) Brijesh, a senior manager at a retail company, is preparing his department for the
launch of a new product line. During a meeting, he notices a clear division in attitudes of
subordinates: some, like Ashish and Mohan, express strong support for the company’s
focus on sustainability, driven by their personal values of environmental responsibility.
Others, like Dinesh and Eshwar, are more skeptical, focusing on the potential financial
risks of this shift.
Analyze how the alignment (or misalignment) of personal values with workplace attitudes
can impact the department’s performance. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
In any workplace, the alignment between employees’ personal values and organizational goals
significantly impacts morale, commitment, and performance. In Brijesh’s department, a divide
exists between those who value sustainability and those who prioritize financial stability.
Ashish and Mohan align with the company’s sustainability focus, while Dinesh and Eshwar
remain skeptical due to financial concerns. Understanding how these differences affect
workplace attitudes and performance can help Brijesh foster a balanced environment that
Quantitative Methods – I
Dec 2024 Examination
Q1. Explain the following concepts:
Difference between point estimate and interval estimate. (2 Marks)
Concept of confidence interval for any estimate (Mean / Proportion). (2 Marks)
And solve the following question
A sample of 30 students’ test scores is randomly selected from a large class. The sample
has a mean score of 85 points and a standard deviation of 6 points. Calculate the 99%
and 95% confidence intervals for the population mean. (6 Marks)
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Estimation is a fundamental aspect of statistics used to draw inferences about population
parameters based on sample data. In any study or research where it is impractical to gather
information from every member of a population, estimation provides a practical alternative by
allowing us to make educated guesses about the population based on a sample. There are two
primary types of estimates: point estimates and interval estimates. A point estimate provides a
single value as an estimate of a population parameter, while an interval estimate provides a
range within which the parameter is expected to fall, offering a degree of confidence in the
estimate. The concept of confidence intervals, which is part of interval estimation, allows
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Q2 (A) The monthly rent paid by a group of 15,000 tenants in a city is found to be
normally distributed with a mean of ₹12,000 and a standard deviation of ₹1,500. Answer
the following questions:
a) What is the probability that a tenant selected at random pays more than ₹10,500 in
rent?
b) What is the probability that a tenant selected at random pays more than ₹14,700 in
rent?
(5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Probability distributions are essential in understanding data patterns, especially in large
datasets like monthly rents for tenants. In this case, rent data for 15,000 tenants follows a
normal distribution, with a mean of ₹12,000 and a standard deviation of ₹1,500. Understanding
how likely a particular rent is can provide insights into expected costs for tenants and property
managers. Here, we calculate the probabilities of rents being above certain values using
concepts from the normal distribution and Z-scores.
Concept and Application
A normal distribution, often called a bell curve, is a continuous probability distribution
Q2 (B) A pharmaceutical company claims that its new drug reduces the average recovery
time from the flu to less than 7 days. Historically, the average recovery time for the flu
without the drug is 7 days. To test this claim, the company conducted a study with 50
patients who took the new drug. The sample mean recovery time was 6.5 days with a
population standard deviation of 2 days. Can we accept the company’s claim at the 5%
level of significance? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
In hypothesis testing, pharmaceutical companies often use statistical methods to validate claims
about new drugs. Here, a company claims that its new drug reduces the average recovery time
from the flu to less than 7 days, a significant improvement from the historical average of 7
days. To test this claim, a sample of 50 patients was studied, revealing an average recovery
time of 6.5 days. We will use a one-sample Z-test at a 5% significance level to determine if the

BBA SEM 1 ASSIGNMENT SAMPLE

Financial Accounting
Dec 2024 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. ABC Traders began their business operations on July 1st, 2023. The following
transactions were recorded during the first month: [10 Marks]
1. July 1: Owner invested 50,000 in the business bank account.
2. July 3: Purchased office furniture for 8,000 on credit from XYZ Suppliers.
3. July 5: Paid rent for the month, 3,000, by check.
4. July 7: Purchased inventory worth 10,000, paying 60% in cash and the rest on credit.
5. July 10: Made sales of 12,000, of which 7,000 was received in cash and the rest on
credit.
6. July 15: Paid 5,000 to XYZ Suppliers for the credit purchase made on July 3rd.
7. July 20: Received 3,000 from debtors for the credit sale made on July 10th.
8. July 25: Paid salaries of 2,500 in cash.
9. July 28: Returned 500 worth of office furniture to XYZ Suppliers due to a defect.
10. July 31: Paid utility bills for the month amounting to 800 by cash.
Questions:
1. Prepare the journal entries for all the above transactions for the month of July.Post the
above journal entries to the relevant ledger accounts (Cash, Bank, Sales, Purchases,
Debtors, Creditors, Furniture, Rent, Salaries, etc.).After posting the entries to the ledger,
prepare a trial balance for ABC Traders as of July 31st, 2023. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Financial accounting is an essential function in any business organization, serving as a
systematic process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions to provide
an accurate financial position. This practice ensures compliance with accounting standards and
transparency in financial reporting. The case of ABC Traders highlights the importance of
financial accounting in real-life scenarios, where accurate journal entries, ledger postings, and
trial balance preparation are critical for effective decision-making. The following document
provides a detailed analysis of the transactions recorded by ABC Traders during their first
month of operations in July 2023. It includes journal entries, ledger postings, and a trial balance
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Q2(A) ALPHA Ltd., a mid-sized manufacturing company, is preparing to expand its
operations internationally. As part of this expansion, the company needs to ensure its
financial statements are compliant with both domestic and international accounting
standards. ALPHA Ltd. has been following Indian GAAP but is now considering adopting
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Indian Accounting Standards
(Ind AS) due to its international ambitions.
The management of ALPHA Ltd. is faced with several decisions:
1. Current Accounting Policies: The company follows traditional Indian GAAP which
may not align with the new standards they are considering. They need to understand the
implications of transitioning to Ind AS and IFRS.
2. Implementation Strategy: They are also looking for a structured approach to
implement Ind AS and integrate IFRS into their financial reporting system.
Question:
1. Identify and explain the meaning and objectives of accounting standards that ALPHA
Ltd. should consider in transitioning from Indian GAAP to Ind AS and IFRS. Discuss the
significance of setting accounting standards in the context of ALPHA Ltd.’s international
expansion. (5 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Accounting standards are critical frameworks designed to standardize financial reporting and
ensure consistency, transparency, and comparability of financial statements across organizations
and jurisdictions. For ALPHA Ltd., transitioning from Indian GAAP to Ind AS and IFRS
represents a strategic move to align its financial reporting with global practices, ensuring
compliance and fostering trust among international stakeholders. This alignment is essential for
Q2(B) Refring to the above case:
How would adopting Ind AS and IFRS benefit the company? Outline the key steps in the
roadmap for implementing Ind AS in India and how ALPHA Ltd. can align its financial
reporting with these standards. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Adopting Ind AS and IFRS offers numerous benefits for companies like ALPHA Ltd.,
particularly as they expand internationally. These standards enhance financial transparency,
global comparability, and stakeholder confidence. Transitioning to these frameworks ensures
compliance with international expectations, fostering stronger relationships with global
investors and partners. This document explores the advantages of adopting these standards and
Micro Economics
Dec 2024 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you
have learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information
through internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the
answers appear directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the
chapter
Q1. Imagine you are part of a research team analysing the necessity of government
intervention in various economic systems. You have been asked to evaluate three
different economies and analyse how the level of government intervention affects
economic efficiency and overall welfare in each system, highlighting the various
potential benefits and drawbacks of government involvement? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Government intervention in economic systems is a subject of ongoing debate among
policymakers, economists, and citizens. Economic systems vary widely, from highly
centralized command economies to minimally regulated free-market systems. Each system
requires varying levels of government involvement to address challenges such as resource
allocation, income distribution, and market failures. While proponents of government
intervention argue that it promotes social welfare and economic stability, critics contend that
excessive involvement can hinder efficiency and stifle innovation. This essay examines the
role of government intervention in three distinct economic systems: a command economy, a
mixed economy, and a free-market economy. By analyzing the impact of intervention on
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Q2(A) The country of Ecotopia has recently implemented policies aimed at promoting
environmentally friendly technologies. In particular, the government has introduced a
subsidy program for electric vehicles (EVs), providing significant tax breaks and
rebates for consumers who purchase these cars. Identify and explain your observation
as how Government policies (Subsidies and Tax Rebates), Technological advancement
and Increased gasoline prices can shift the demand curve. Specify clearly if the shift will
be rightward or a leftward shift. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Government policies, technological advancements, and market conditions significantly
influence consumer behavior and demand patterns. In the case of Ecotopia, the government’s
subsidy program for electric vehicles (EVs), combined with advancements in EV technology
and rising gasoline prices, has created an environment conducive to increased EV adoption.
These factors directly impact the demand curve for EVs, causing observable shifts that reflect
changing consumer preferences and market dynamics. This analysis explores how each factor
Q2(B) Imagine you are observing different scenarios in daily life where the satisfaction
or enjoyment from consuming more of the same product gradually decreases. Identify
at least three such examples that illustrate the law of diminishing marginal utility.
Additionally, consider whether there might be any cases where this principle does not
apply. Reflect on these exceptions, providing examples to support your view. (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
The law of diminishing marginal utility is a fundamental economic principle that states the
additional satisfaction or utility gained from consuming successive units of a product
decreases as consumption increases. This concept is observable in everyday life and
influences consumer behavior, pricing strategies, and resource allocation. While this principle
generally holds true, there are exceptions where marginal utility does not diminish as
expected. This discussion explores three examples of diminishing marginal utility and
Organization Behaviour & HRM
Dec 2024 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have
learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers appear
directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapter
Q1. Eduyou Corp. is a rapidly growing education technology company that recently
transitioned to a fully remote work model.
Initially, the shift to remote work was viewed as a positive step toward increased flexibility
and contemporary work practices. However, after several months, the management team
has begun to observe several emerging challenges, such as, decrease in employee
engagement and motivation, collaboration between departments has become challenging,
and some team members are struggling to maintain work-life balance. The senior
managers are starting to see that the remote work setup might be affecting the way the
team works together in ways they didn’t expect.
What are the key implications for managers in applying OB concepts to enhance
organizational effectiveness and what specific measures can they take to address the
challenges associated with a remote work model at Eduyou Corp.? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The transition to a fully remote work model has revolutionized workplace dynamics, offering
flexibility and autonomy to employees. However, it has also introduced new challenges for
managers, particularly in maintaining employee engagement, fostering collaboration, and
ensuring a healthy work-life balance. These issues can significantly affect organizational
effectiveness if not addressed. Eduyou Corp., a rapidly growing education technology company,
finds itself grappling with these challenges as its remote work model evolves. To overcome
these hurdles, managers must apply Organizational Behavior (OB) concepts effectively,
focusing on motivation, communication, team dynamics, and work-life integration. By doing so,
they can address the emerging problems and ensure the company’s sustained growth and
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The last date is 29th NOV- 2024
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Q2 (A) You are the event coordinator at Stellari Events, managing a team responsible for
organizing a high-profile corporate gala. The team consists of three key members: Lilly
from the Logistics department, Avi from the Marketing team, and Anne from the Client
Relations group. Recently, you have noticed several issues affecting the team’s
performance, including frequent miscommunications between Lilly and Avi, lack of
coordination on event logistics, and overall frustration among the team members.
Question:
Identify and describe three specific barriers to effective team performance that could be
affecting Lilly, Avi, and Anne. (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Effective team performance is crucial for the success of any high-profile event, such as the
corporate gala being organized by Stellari Events. However, the current issues of
miscommunication, lack of coordination, and frustration among team members threaten the
event’s success. These challenges indicate the presence of specific barriers to team performance.
Identifying and addressing these barriers is essential to restoring harmony and productivity
within the team, ensuring seamless execution of the event.
Concept and Application
Barriers to Effective Team Performance
1. Communication Barriers
Miscommunication between Lilly from Logistics and Avi from Marketing is a significant issue.
Q2 (B) How would you address each barrier to improve collaboration and productivity
within the event planning team at Stellari Events? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Improving collaboration and productivity within Stellari Events’ planning team requires targeted
strategies to address the identified barriers of communication, role clarity, and interpersonal
conflicts. By focusing on these challenges, the team can work harmoniously and achieve success
in organizing the high-profile corporate gala. Implementing practical solutions ensures not only
the resolution of current issues but also strengthens the team’s ability to collaborate effectively
Principles of Management
Dec 2024 Examination
PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you
have learnt in this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information
through internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the
answers appear directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the
chapter
Q1. MediSyringe Pvt. Ltd., a startup in the healthcare sector, manufactures highquality
injection syringes. Founded by Mr. Rajesh Sharma, the company has many
experienced senior executives overseeing various functions like production, quality,
marketing, and finance. Despite its early success, MediSyringe faces challenges due to a
lack of effective delegation.
Key decisions and tasks are concentrated at the top, with Mr. Sharma often taking on
responsibilities himself or assigning them directly to senior managers. This has led to
delays, lowered employee morale, and frustration, as team members feel they lack the
authority to make decisions or take initiative. Recently, a crucial project was delayed
due to Mr. Sharma’s involvement in minor tasks, resulting
in a lost opportunity with a major client. This is one incident that highlights the need
for Mr. Sharma to delegate more effectively, empowering his team, fostering
innovation, and enhancing productivity. However, barriers such as reluctance to trust
the team and fear of losing control must be addressed to improve organizational
efficiency.
In the situation, evaluate the importance of delegation in management and how it can
be effectively applied in the injection syringe manufacturing startup by Mr. Sharma,
with a top- heavy team and low levels of delegation. Identify potential barriers to
delegation in this scenario and suggest appropriate strategies to overcome them. (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Delegation is a fundamental management principle that ensures efficient task distribution and
resource utilization within an organization. It involves assigning responsibility and authority
to subordinates to perform specific activities while the manager retains accountability. For
startups like MediSyringe Pvt. Ltd., operating in the competitive healthcare sector, effective
delegation is critical for fostering growth, innovation, and team morale. Despite its early
success, MediSyringe is hampered by a lack of effective delegation, with decision-making
heavily concentrated at the top. This centralized approach leads to delays, missed
opportunities, and low employee engagement, as demonstrated by the loss of a major client
due to Mr. Rajesh Sharma’s involvement in minor tasks. Addressing these challenges
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The last date is 29th NOV- 2024
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Q2(A) Flipkart, India’s leading e-commerce marketplace, is preparing for its flagship
event, The Big Billion Days (TBBD) 2024, by significantly expanding its supply chain
capabilities. With the launch of 11 new fulfillment centers (FCs) across nine cities,
Flipkart’s total FC count has increased to 83, aimed at enhancing operational efficiency
and speeding up deliveries. This expansion is set to create over 1 lakh new jobs,
reflecting Flipkart’s commitment to socio- economic development.
However, such rapid expansion also presents challenges. The strategic decision to open
new FCs involves a complex planning process that requires careful consideration of
several factors, such as location selection, investment in technology, and workforce
management. The decision-making process must balance the anticipated surge in
demand during TBBD 2024 with the potential risks of overcapacity, increased
operational costs, and supply chain disruptions.
Despite leveraging innovative technologies, including automated warehouses and datadriven
decision-making, Flipkart faces limitations in its planning. Factors like unpredictable
consumer demand, high costs of technology adoption, and potential delays in
implementation can affect the effectiveness of its strategy. As Flipkart navigates these
challenges, it needs to make informed decisions to maintain high product availability
and ensure a superior shopping experience during the festive season.
Source Reference: Question 2(A) and 2(B) situation based on article in Logistics
Outlook, 4 Sept 2024 titled “Flipkart expands fulfillment centers ahead of BigBillion
Days 2024” While this looks like a great plan for Flipkart, identify and apply any three
limitations of the planning process to Flipkart’s growth plan for The Big Billion Days
(TBBD) 2024? (5 Marks)
Ans 2A.
Introduction
Planning is a vital function in management, providing a framework for achieving
organizational objectives. However, the planning process is not without its limitations.
Flipkart’s ambitious growth plan for The Big Billion Days (TBBD) 2024, including the
launch of 11 new fulfillment centers (FCs), is a strategic move to enhance supply chain
efficiency and meet heightened consumer demand. Despite leveraging technology and datadriven
insights, Flipkart’s planning process is challenged by unpredictability, high costs, and
Q2(B) Referring to the scenario of Flipkart shown in Question 2(A), retrospectively
create and describe the steps involved in the decision-making process that would have
led to this strategic decision by Flipkart to launch 11 new fulfillment centers across nine
cities in preparation for The Big Billion Days (TBBD) 2024 (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
Effective decision-making is integral to strategic planning, particularly in a dynamic and
competitive environment like e-commerce. Flipkart’s decision to launch 11 new fulfillment
centers (FCs) across nine cities for The Big Billion Days (TBBD) 2024 showcases a
calculated approach to enhancing operational capacity and meeting festive season demand.
This decision reflects a structured process that involves problem identification, evaluation of
alternatives, and implementation strategies. Analyzing these steps provides insight into how

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