Description

Strategic Applications of IoT and Big Data

Sep 2026 Examination

 

Q1 A mid-sized manufacturing company plans to deploy an IoT-based predictive maintenance system across three plants after repeated machine failures disrupted production schedules and raised emergency repair costs. The proposed solution includes vibration and temperature sensors, gateways, cloud analytics, ERP integration, and workforce dashboards. While the operations head expects lower downtime and better asset utilisation, the finance team is concerned that the project budget only reflects device purchases and excludes connectivity upgrades, cloud storage growth, cybersecurity controls, training, and ongoing support. Senior management wants a realistic estimate before approving the rollout and needs a business-focused framework to compare the expected financial returns with broader strategic gains. Using a structured cost-benefit analysis, how should the COO estimate the full implementation cost of this IoT initiative and classify its tangible and intangible benefits to justify phased investment approval and long-term scalability? (10 Marks)

Ans 1.

Introduction

Repeated machine failures have pushed this manufacturer toward IoT-based predictive maintenance, but the finance team’s concern about an incomplete budget is well founded, since device purchases represent only a fraction of true implementation cost across a multi-plant rollout. A structured cost-benefit analysis must capture the full spectrum of direct and indirect costs alongside both tangible and intangible benefits, giving senior management a realistic basis to approve phased investment rather than an underestimated budget that stalls mid-rollout once hidden costs like connectivity upgrades and cybersecurity controls surface

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Q2 A national cold-chain logistics company manages warehouses storing pharmaceuticals, dairy products, and frozen foods. It relies on IoT sensors to track temperature, humidity, pressure in refrigeration lines, motion in restricted zones, and gas leakage risks. Data is transmitted through gateways to support compliance and prevent spoilage. Recently, managers found inconsistent readings, delayed alerts, and network congestion during peak operations. Some warehouses use Wi-Fi extensively, while others are experimenting with Bluetooth and cellular connectivity. The COO has asked a strategy team to review whether the current acquisition architecture is aligned with business needs, especially where product safety, uptime, and quick corrective action are essential. Evaluate the suitability of the current sensor and gateway setup for the warehouse network. Which sensor mix, transmission methods, and gateway functions should management retain, modify, or replace to improve data quality, responsiveness, and operational reliability across locations? (10 Marks)

Ans 2.

Introduction

Inconsistent readings, delayed alerts and network congestion in this cold-chain logistics network point directly to an acquisition architecture that was assembled incrementally rather than designed deliberately around the specific reliability demands of pharmaceutical and food storage across multiple warehouse locations. Evaluating the sensor mix, transmission methods and gateway functions against the actual business requirement, product safety, uptime and rapid corrective action, reveals which elements deserve retention, modification or

 

 

Q3 (A) CareWell Hospital Network has deployed wearable sensors, blood glucose monitors, oxygen trackers, and remote diagnostic tools for chronic disease patients across urban and semi-urban regions. The hospital’s central monitoring platform receives continuous streams of patient vitals from devices supplied by different manufacturers, but the incoming data varies in format, metadata structure, and reporting intervals. Clinicians are increasingly frustrated by duplicate patient entries, delayed alerts, and inconsistent records appearing in the electronic health record system. These issues are reducing confidence in automated recommendations and making treatment decisions slower. The Chief Medical Information Officer wants a redesigned governance approach that ensures high-quality, standardised, and dependable IoT data across the care continuum. Create a data quality and standardisation model for CareWell’s multi-vendor IoT health ecosystem that improves clinical reliability, reduces duplication, and strengthens trust in analytics-driven interventions. How should your model align data formats, validation rules, metadata practices, and accountability mechanisms across devices and hospital systems? (5 Marks)

Ans 3 (A).

Introduction

Multi-vendor device diversity has left CareWell with fragmented data formats, inconsistent metadata and duplicate patient entries, directly undermining clinical trust in automated recommendations. A structured data quality and standardisation model must align data formats, validation rules, metadata practices and accountability across every device and

 

Q3 (B) A government agency manages IoT-enabled public infrastructure including connected cameras, routers, digital recorders, and utility monitoring devices across transport hubs and administrative facilities. After studying the disruption caused by the Mirai botnet, agency leaders realised that many of their own field devices still rely on weak passwords, exposed services, and irregular patching. Procurement officers also admit that cybersecurity requirements have historically been inconsistent across vendors. Because these assets support essential public services, any botnet-driven disruption could damage citizen trust and interrupt critical operations. The agency now wants to redesign its procurement, deployment, and maintenance practices so that security is embedded from acquisition through retirement rather than added only after incidents occur. Propose a proactive multi-layered defence and policy framework for the agency’s public IoT infrastructure that prevents Mirai-like attacks and enforces lifecycle security. Your design should combine secure procurement, operational controls, threat detection, and organisational accountability into one future-ready approach. (5 Marks)

Ans 3 (B).

Introduction

The Mirai botnet exploited exactly the weaknesses this agency now recognizes in its own field devices, weak passwords, exposed services and irregular patching. A proactive multi-layered defence framework must embed security across procurement, deployment, operation