Description

SESSION	NOVEMBER 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	1
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA1110  ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

 

 

 

 

Set-I

 

 

 

1. How would you define sustainable development? Explain the three principles of Sustainability?

Describe the three pillars of Sustainability.           

Ans 1.

Sustainable Development and the Principles of Sustainability

Sustainable development refers to a process of growth and advancement that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It aims to balance environmental, social, and economic objectives while preserving natural resources and ecosystems for the long term. This concept emerged as a response to the growing awareness of environmental degradation and its potential consequences for human well-being and development. It emphasizes that development must be inclusive, equitable, and Its Half solved only

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2. Explain the types of food chain.

Ans 2.

Types of Food Chains

Understanding Food Chains

A food chain is a sequence that illustrates how energy and nutrients flow through an ecosystem, starting from producers and moving through various levels of consumers. It highlights the interconnected relationships between organisms as they rely on each other for sustenance. Each step in the food chain represents a trophic level, and the flow of energy is fundamental to the functioning of ecosystems.

Grazing Food Chain

The grazing food chain begins with primary producers, such as plants or algae, which convert

 

 

 

3. a. Briefly describe the effects of Deforestation.
4. Write a short note on:
5. renewable natural resources
6. non-renewable natural resources

Ans 3.

Effects of Deforestation and Notes on Natural Resources

1. Effects of Deforestation

Deforestation, the large-scale removal of forests, has profound and far-reaching effects on the environment, biodiversity, and human well-being.

One of the most significant effects of deforestation is the loss of biodiversity. Forests are home to a vast array of species, many of which are endemic and depend on forest ecosystems for survival. When trees are cut down, habitats are destroyed, leading to species extinction and a decline in biodiversity. This imbalance affects ecosystem stability and reduces the resilience of

 

 

 

Set-II

 

 

 

4. a. Describe three negative consequences of excessive water resource exploitation.
5. What are the various threats to biodiversity?

Ans 4.

1. Negative Consequences of Excessive Water Resource Exploitation

Excessive exploitation of water resources leads to severe environmental, social, and economic consequences.

One major consequence is the depletion of groundwater. Overuse of aquifers for agriculture, industry, and domestic use reduces groundwater levels, making it increasingly difficult and expensive to access clean water. Depletion also results in land subsidence, where the ground

 

 

 

5. a. How does air pollution affect human health?
6. What severe impacts does water pollution have on the environment and human health?
7. What are the effects of soil pollution on soil organisms, agriculture, humans, ecosystems, plants, and animals?

 

Ans 5.

1. Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health

Air pollution has severe and widespread impacts on human health, primarily due to the presence of harmful pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. Prolonged exposure to these pollutants can lead to respiratory problems, including asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is particularly hazardous as it penetrates deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and impairing lung function.

Air pollution also increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Pollutants enter the bloodstream

 

 

 

6. a. What are the harmful effects of acid rain?
7. What is population distribution, and how does it influence the environment?

 

Ans 6.

1. Harmful Effects of Acid Rain

Acid rain is caused by the release of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) into the atmosphere, which combine with water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids. This precipitation has detrimental effects on ecosystems, infrastructure, and human health.

Acid rain severely impacts aquatic ecosystems. As acidic precipitation enters rivers, lakes, and streams, it lowers the pH levels of the water, creating conditions unsuitable for aquatic life. Fish, amphibians, and other organisms suffer from reproductive failures, reduced growth, and eventual