Description

 

SESSION	OCT 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
SEMESTER	I
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCA1107 PROGRAMMING IN C

 

 

SET-I

 

Q1: Explain the role of format specifiers in the printf function in C. Provide examples of different format specifiers and their corresponding data types.

Format specifiers in the printf function of C are essential for defining how data should be presented when output is printed on the screen. They allow the programmer to control the format and ensure the correct data type is printed. Each format specifier corresponds to a particular data type and is represented by a % followed by a specific character.

Role of Format Specifiers:

1. Data Representation: Format specifiers instruct the printf function about how the data should be displayed, ensuring clarity and precision in the output.
2. Error Prevention: By matching the format specifier to the data type, programmers

 

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Q2: In C programming, what are the decision control statements, and can you give an example of each?

Decision control statements in C programming are used to control the flow of execution based on certain conditions. These statements enable a program to take different paths based on whether a condition evaluates to true or false. They form the backbone of decision-making in programming.

Types of Decision Control Statements:

1. if Statement: The if statement evaluates a condition. If the condition is true, the code block inside the if statement is executed.

Syntax:

if (condition) {

// Code to execute if condition is true

}

Example:

 

 

Q3: Explain the concept of arrays in C programming. How are arrays declared and initialized? Discuss with examples.

An array in C programming is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations. Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value. They allow easier access and manipulation of data.

Concept of Arrays

1. Homogeneous Data Storage: All elements in an array must be of the same data type (e.g., int, float, char).
2. Fixed Size: The size of an array is fixed at the time of its declaration and cannot be

 

 

SET-II

 

 

Q4: Explain null-terminated strings in C programming. Discuss how they are different from a regular character array. Provide an example to illustrate your answer.

In C programming, a null-terminated string is an array of characters that ends with a special character called the null character (‘\0’). This null character serves as a sentinel to indicate the end of the string. Null-terminated strings are widely used in C for handling text data.

Concept of Null-Terminated Strings

1. Definition: A null-terminated string is essentially an array of characters, with the last character being ‘\0’ to mark the end.
2. Storage: Each character in the string is stored sequentially in memory, followed by the

 

 

Q5: Explain the concept of recursion in C programming. What are the necessary conditions for a function to be recursive? Provide an example of a recursive function in C that calculates the factorial of a number.

Recursion is a fundamental programming concept where a function calls itself, either directly or indirectly, to solve a problem. Recursive functions are often used to solve problems that can be divided into smaller subproblems of the same type.

Concept of Recursion

1. Definition: In recursion, a function solves a problem by reducing it to smaller instances of the same problem. The function keeps calling itself until it reaches a base case, which terminates the recursion.
2. Structure: A recursive function typically has two parts:

 

 

 

Q6: Discuss the selection sort algorithm with an example. Write a C program to implement selection sort.

Selection Sort is a simple and intuitive sorting algorithm that repeatedly selects the smallest (or largest) element from the unsorted portion of the array and places it in its correct position. It is based on the idea of finding the minimum element and swapping it with the element at the current position.

Working of Selection Sort

1. Initialization: Start with the first element of the array and consider it the “current position.”
2. Find Minimum: Search for the smallest element in the unsorted portion of the array.