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NMIMS 1st sem Questions sample

 

Business Economics
December 2023 Examination
Q1. “Demand forecasting plays a vital role and enables organisations to arrange for the
required input as per the predicted demand, without any wastage of material and time”
Substantiate your view on demand forecasting and discuss the various factors
influencing demand forecasting. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Demand forecasting is the systematic process of estimating the future demand for a product
or service. It functions as the cornerstone for many critical business decisions, be it
production, financial planning, or human resource management. In a rapidly changing and
highly competitive global marketplace, businesses cannot rely merely on historical data or gut
instinct. The implications of overestimating or underestimating demand can be severe,
affecting a company’s profitability, market reputation, and operational efficiency.
Overestimation can lead to inventory piling up, increased carrying costs, and eventual losses
upon clearance sales. Conversely, underestimation can result in stockouts, loss of market
share, and reduced customer trust. Hence, having an accurate prediction of demand helps
businesses to plan efficiently and allocate resources optimally. It is not an exaggeration to
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Q2. Define the term “Elasticity of demand.” Discuss different types of elasticity of
demand. Also, explain why this concept should be of interest to anyone in business who
has a choice to determine the price at which to sell their products. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Elasticity of demand is a central concept in the realm of economics and business. At its
essence, it gauges how sensitively consumer demand responds to changes in various
determinants, most notably price. In a market-driven economy where prices oscillate due to
numerous factors, understanding how these fluctuations impact consumer buying behavior is
paramount. For businesses, elasticity isn’t just an abstract concept; it’s a vital metric that
directly influences their pricing strategies, revenue models, and market positioning. This
importance stems from its direct relationship with a firm’s revenue and profitability.
Understanding demand elasticity aids businesses in making informed decisions about pricing
their products, anticipating market reactions, and strategizing marketing efforts. In this
Q3 A) “The root of the economic problem is the scarcity of resources while our wants
are infinite”. Elaborate the given statement explaining the three types of economic
problems faced by an economy in achieving in production and distribution. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
One of the foundational principles in economics revolves around the concept of scarcity. The
quintessential dilemma is that resources – time, money, land, labor, and others – are limited,
while human wants and needs are virtually endless. This disparity between limited resources
and unlimited desires propels the need for making choices, leading to various economic
problems. Economies, regardless of their development stages, grapple with determining what
Q3b) Complete the hypothetical table – compute and show steps on Average Product
and Marginal product. (5 Marks)
Quantity Total
Product
Average
Product
Marginal product
1 10
2 30
3 48
4 56
5 56
6 52
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The concepts of Average Product (AP) and Marginal Product (MP) are fundamental in
understanding the law of diminishing returns in production economics. The Average Product
is the output per unit of the variable factor employed, while the Marginal Product is the
additional output resulting from employing an additional unit of the variable factor, keeping
all other factors constant. By computing these values, we can identify patterns and assess the
Financial Accounting & Analysis
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Often it happens that while running a business there is an inflow and outflow of
revenues and expenses of more than one accounting period. Such transactions, which
affects more than one accounting period requires adjustment. Such adjustment are
reflected in the books of accounts.
Discuss about adjustment entries, point out the type of adjustment, which may arise in the
due course of business and reflect on how adjustment entries impacts the financial
statement. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic realm of business, financial transactions are a daily occurrence, revolving around
the constant inflow and outflow of revenues and expenses. However, not all of these transactions
pertain exclusively to the current accounting period. Some span over multiple periods, creating
the need for accurate reflection and tracking within the accounting system. This challenge is
addressed through ‘adjustment entries’. These entries ensure that financial statements provide a
clear, fair, and comprehensive view of an entity’s financial position, performance, and changes in
financial position. Failure to record these adjustments can distort the financial picture of a
business, potentially misleading stakeholders. Therefore, understanding adjustment entries, the
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Q2. The revenue from operations and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and
amortization are distinct metrics with separate implications for our business performance.
It is crucial to understand the difference between these two figures as they provide unique
insights into our operational efficiency and profitability. Discuss the statement by
differentiating the difference between these two terms, Revenue from operation and
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
With the given information, prepare the statement of Profit and Loss of the company in
vertical format. (10 Marks)
Depreciation and amortisation expenses 295600
Purchase of stock in trade 10450
Employees benefit costs 959139
Other expenses 565000
Revenue from sale of product 5000000
Other operating revenues 2500000
Cost of material consumed 1050000
Finance cost 525000
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the realm of business finance, understanding the nuances of various financial metrics is
paramount to assessing a company’s health and performance. Two such pivotal metrics are the
Revenue from Operations and Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization
(EBITDA). While both are indicators of a company’s financial performance, they serve distinct
purposes and offer different insights into the operational aspects of a business. Revenue from
Operations provides a snapshot of the primary business activities, reflecting the core incomegenerating
operations. On the other hand, EBITDA offers a deeper dive, shedding light on a
company’s profitability before accounting for interest, taxes, and non-cash expenses like
Q3. Following is the information available for Paraam Industries Pvt Ltd for the month of
August
Amount
Withdrawal of cash from the bank, as on 10th August 2023 Rs. 200000
Balance in the business bank account as on 6th Aug 2023 Rs. 500000
Purchased Computer for personal use using business fund as
on 15th August 2023
Rs. 50000
Paid for school fees for the kid from the business bank
account as on 11th August 2023
Rs. 3000
For the given informationa)
Discuss the rules in relation to debit and credit as applicable for the account type being
assets, liabilities, expenses and gains. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the realm of accounting, the double-entry system is a foundational concept that ensures the
accounting equation remains balanced, that is, assets = liabilities + equity. Every financial
transaction impacts at least two accounts, and these are represented by debits and credits. The
rules for debits and credits vary based on the type of account in question, be it assets, liabilities,
expenses, or gains. Understanding these rules is crucial for accurate financial record-keeping and
b) Pass journal entry for the transactions. Explain why the personal expenses and business
expenses of owner are treated differently (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Journal entries are the building blocks of accounting, capturing every financial transaction of a
business in a structured manner. They follow the double-entry system, ensuring that for every
debit entry, there’s a corresponding credit entry. A crucial aspect of maintaining accurate
financial records is distinguishing between personal and business expenses, especially in entities
like sole proprietorships where the owner’s and business’s finances might intertwine. This
Information Systems for Managers
December 2023 Examination
Q.1) Ghanshyam Das and Sons Jewellers has now its several branches across different
cities in India. The Jewellers started from very small shop in Delhi and expanded their
business in several years across India. Initially when they started, they have appointed
different personnels to keep a track of jewelries sold, orders given and inventory
required. With the expansion of business in different cities, Ghanshyam Das and Sons
Jewellers are now finding it difficult to manage/ track the details at global level and to
get an overview of Jewellery details across all stores of various cities. They contacted a
solution providing firm to get solution of the same and were told to shift their business
to Cloud wherein, all the operations of different stores can be monitored/detailed out
very easily.
Discuss how migrating to Cloud will help Ghanshyam Das and Sons Jewellers to
smoothen up the process of monitoring/tracking details from one location for other
stores across various cities. Also, discuss which types of cloud and cloud service will be
suitable or their organization. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s competitive business landscape, scalability and efficiency are pivotal for the
growth and expansion of enterprises. Ghanshyam Das and Sons Jewellers, a prominent
jewelry chain, started as a small shop in Delhi and, over the years, burgeoned into multiple
branches across India. Their journey is emblematic of the quintessential Indian dream of
transforming a modest endeavor into a pan-Indian enterprise. However, with expansion
comes the intrinsic challenge of maintaining consistency, overseeing operations, and ensuring
seamless communication among branches. With every branch potentially employing its own
local system to track inventory, sales, and orders, the overarching view becomes muddled,
leading to inefficiencies. The solution, as proposed, lies in the realm of cloud computing.
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Q.2) E-Commerce has gained boom more after the digital payment initiative was
emphasized for usage in recent years. Most of the retailers are using these platforms to
sell their products. Discuss how the retailers are getting benefitted by choosing these ecommerce
platforms. Which type of sellers are being benefitted most by choosing the ecommerce
platform (Explain with help of some Statistics by taking references from
some E-commerce websites). Discuss your views for all the above points by choosing any
one E-Commerce platform as an example. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
E-commerce, or the act of buying and selling goods and services online, has become an
integral part of the global retail infrastructure. With the inception and proliferation of digital
payment systems, e-commerce has experienced a significant surge in its adoption. These
digital payment initiatives not only offer a safer, more efficient way of transacting but have
also revolutionized the very nature of retail by reducing barriers to entry. While traditional
retail required significant capital for physical storefronts, e-commerce platforms have
democratized this space, allowing even small retailers to reach global audiences. The question
isn’t just about how e-commerce benefits retailers, but which retailers stand to gain the most
Q.3) Horizon Technology is new IT Company with the motive of providing solutions to
different Organisations by catering to their specific product requirements. This
Company has received the Project Development Task which is not much Complex in
nature and the requirements are also to some extent clear. As a new venture, this
organization is not fully aware of the different vulnerabilities and threats to its data.
Considering the above scenarios, discuss the following:
a) What can be the various threats and vulnerabilities to the organization? What are the
security measures that need to be adopted by Horizon Technology for avoiding the
same? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In today’s interconnected digital landscape, IT companies, irrespective of their size or tenure,
face an array of security threats and vulnerabilities. For a nascent organization like Horizon
Technology, navigating this complex terrain becomes especially challenging due to limited
exposure and perhaps a lack of dedicated resources. With a clear project on their horizon and
a commitment to their clients, understanding and mitigating these threats becomes paramount
b) Discuss which Software Development Life Cycle model needs to be implemented and
why by Horizon Technology for development of the Project stated in the Scenario. (5
marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a framework that describes the stages
involved in the development of software from its initial feasibility study to its maintenance
post-deployment. Choosing the appropriate SDLC model is crucial for any IT company as it
sets the tone for how the project will progress. For Horizon Technology, considering they
Management Theory and Practice
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Samatadeep Industries have hired you as a consultant as most of their recent plans
have failed miserably. Post you research, you concluded that they have not considered
the external environment at all when planning or executing their plans. Can you guide
them about the forces that affect management thought? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of business, organizations cannot operate in isolation. The external
environment plays a pivotal role in shaping the strategies and decisions of a company.
Samatadeep Industries, like many other enterprises, has experienced the repercussions of not
considering the external environment in their planning and execution. The external
environment encompasses a myriad of forces that influence an organization’s operations,
ranging from economic conditions to technological advancements, and from socio-cultural
shifts to political and legal regulations. These forces, often beyond the direct control of the
organization, can either propel it towards success or push it into the abyss of failure. Ignoring
these forces can lead to strategic blunders, missed opportunities, and even existential threats.
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Q2. As a management trainer to a batch of new joiners at ABC Ltd, can you explain
Henri Fayol’s 14 principles of management to them and make them understand their
significance in today’s world. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Management, as a discipline, has evolved over the years, drawing insights from various
thinkers and practitioners. Among the pioneers of classical management theory is Henri
Fayol, a French engineer and director of mines, who lived between 1841 and 1925. Fayol’s
contribution to management thought is monumental, with his 14 principles of management
laying the foundation for modern management practices. These principles, first introduced in
his book “Administration Industrielle et Générale” in 1916, were groundbreaking at the time,
providing a systematic approach to organizational management. Today, even in the age of
rapid technological advancements and dynamic work environments, Fayol’s principles
Q3. Sachi Ltd has been facing many loses and want to modernize themselves using
modern tools and have hired you as a consultant for the same. Can you explain the
following concepts to them and how will they help them modernize a cycle
manufacturing business like theirs.
a. JIT (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the competitive landscape of the 21st century, businesses must constantly evolve to stay
relevant and profitable. For a cycle manufacturing business like Sachi Ltd, facing losses can
be a wake-up call to reevaluate traditional practices and embrace modern methodologies. One
such transformative approach is JIT, or “Just-In-Time” manufacturing. Adopting JIT can not
b. Six Sigma (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the quest for operational excellence and quality assurance, businesses worldwide have
turned to methodologies that promise precision and efficiency. One such renowned approach
is Six Sigma. For a company like Sachi Ltd, grappling with losses and seeking avenues for
improvement, Six Sigma offers a structured and data-driven methodology to eliminate defects
and enhance product quality. By understanding and implementing Six Sigma, Sachi Ltd can
Marketing Management
December 2023 Examination
Q 1. What are the marketing skills required to initiate the sales? Explain this with an
example of how effective leadership traits can help? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s dynamic and competitive business environment, initiating sales is an intricate task
that demands a blend of multiple marketing skills. Sales initiation is not just about
showcasing a product or service but also understanding the needs of potential customers,
tapping into their pain points, and offering solutions that resonate with them. Moreover, the
process of sales initiation requires effective communication, trust-building, and a deep
understanding of market dynamics. Effective leadership plays an instrumental role in guiding
and supporting marketing teams through this initiation phase. Just as a ship requires a captain
to navigate through stormy seas, a sales team relies on its leader to steer them through the
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Q 2. What kind of promotions would you have for an exclusive store to sell Amul using
an innovative concept. How will you plan the layout, of an exclusive Amul store? ( 10
Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Amul, often dubbed as the ‘Taste of India,’ has carved a unique space in the hearts of
consumers with its vast range of dairy products. Given its rich legacy, the idea of an exclusive
Amul store is an exciting proposition that brings with it both challenges and immense
potential. Such an exclusive store would be more than just a point of purchase; it would be an
embodiment of Amul’s history, its commitment to quality, and its connection with the Indian
consumer. To make this exclusive store stand out and be successful, it’s essential not just to
stock Amul products but to offer an innovative and immersive experience that reinforces the
Q 3. Case Study
Grasim enters B2B e-commerce in building material
Grasim Industries, an Aditya Birla group company, today approved its foray into
B2B e commerce in the building materials segment with an investment of ₹2,000 crore
over the next five years.
This investment adds a new high growth engine with clear adjacencies within Grasim’s
standalone businesses as also that of its subsidiaries and associate companies. The
company is spending Rs10,000 crore in new paints business and will launch its products
by early 2024. The group owns India’s -largest cement company with a capacity of 120
million tonnes per annum.
Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the $60 billion revenue Aditya Birla Group, said
the B2B e-commerce foray is yet another strategic portfolio choice as it crystallises the
group’s intent to invest in the new-age, high growth digital space. “The building
materials segment presents a huge scalable business opportunity with a proven path to
profitability. With this foray, Grasim would be able to leverage the large B2B ecosystem
within the Aditya Birla Group,” Birla said.
This move will also catalyse the growth of the MSME universe in India and provide an
impetus to the Government’s vision of ‘Digital India’, he said.
The overall building materials procurement segment in India has grown at an annual
rate of 14 per cent in the last 3 years. This industry is estimated at about $100 billion
with current digital penetration of just 2 per cent.
The platform will primarily focus on medium- and small-sized companies in the
building materials segment with the potential to further extend to other relevant
categories. The key value proposition would be an integrated procurement solution,
including on-time delivery and a superior product range at competitive pricing.
a) Which is the segment that Grasim is getting into? What is the strategy to get into the
segment and capture the market? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Grasim Industries, an eminent pillar of the Aditya Birla group, is making headway into the
B2B e-commerce sector within the building materials realm. As the digital landscape of India
metamorphoses, businesses are eyeing spaces that are ripe for innovation and growth.
Grasim’s venture, backed by a substantial investment, not only signifies its diversification
strategy but also underscores its vision to harness the potential of the digital ecosystem. The
goal is to intertwine their robust existing infrastructure with the proliferating digital
b) What are the future plans of Grasim? How does it plan to increase its reach and how
is it planning to build up is its chosen segment? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Grasim Industries, a part of the illustrious Aditya Birla Group, is not only embracing its
existing vast legacy but is ambitiously paving the way for its future in the digital realm. Its
recent foray into B2B e-commerce in the building materials sector highlights Grasim’s intent
to not only expand its portfolio but to revolutionize the way businesses in this sector operate.
But what do these expansions signify for Grasim’s future trajectory, and how do they intend
Organisational Behaviour
December 2023 Examination
Question 1) Rajesh works as a Manager-(Employee relations & wellbeing) in a leading
organisation. He deals with all the behavioral issues in the workplace.Varun his
colleague in marketing department always mocks at him saying that with the kind of
profile he has, in which he needs to look after the organisational behaviour overall does
not call for much work. He also tells him (Rajesh) that marketing department has to
face a lot of challenges which people from his domain cannot fathom. Rajesh then
smirks and lists down all the challenges to Varun. What all challenges could Rajesh face
in terms of organisational behaviour? Discuss. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving corporate landscape, organizational behavior (OB) stands as a critical
domain that examines the influence of individuals, groups, and structures on behavior within
an organization. Rajesh, as a Manager in charge of Employee Relations & Wellbeing, holds a
pivotal role that goes beyond mere superficial interactions. His responsibilities delve deep
into understanding and fostering a conducive environment for employees to be productive,
motivated, and satisfied. While every department in an organization faces its unique set of
challenges, it is crucial not to undermine the complexities involved in managing human
behavior. Rajesh’s role is analogous to the backbone of the organization, ensuring harmony,
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Question 2) Consider any leader of your choice and discuss his traits as a leader with
the help of any one leadership theory. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Leadership, an essential aspect of management, often determines an organization’s direction,
pace, and success. Over time, myriad theories have emerged attempting to elucidate the
nature and characteristics of effective leaders. One iconic leader who has made a significant
mark on the world stage is Nelson Mandela, the anti-apartheid revolutionary who went on to
become South Africa’s first black president. His leadership style and qualities have been
celebrated, analyzed, and emulated by many across the globe. By applying the
Transformational Leadership Theory to Mandela’s leadership style, we can uncover the
Question 3) Rohit works as a designer in a décor company but since past few months he
is not happy with the kind of work he has been doing. He wants to go back to fashion
industry from where he originally hails. He is really not able to concentrate in his
current work and it shows in his behaviour as he snaps at people at the drop of a hat.
He is thinking of consulting his colleague and best friend Ajit in order to resolve this
kind of behaviour. Keeping this scenario in mind, explain:
a) What kind of conflict Rohit is facing here? Explain. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Conflicts are an inherent part of human interactions, especially in professional settings. These
conflicts can manifest due to various internal or external triggers, leading to emotional,
cognitive, or behavioral changes. In the case of Rohit, his experience at the décor company
and his longing to return to the fashion industry reveal underlying layers of personal conflict.
b) What can Ajit suggest Rohit for resolving such conflict? Discuss. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In situations where intrapersonal conflicts take a toll on an individual’s well-being and
performance, external guidance, especially from trusted individuals, can be invaluable. Ajit,
being Rohit’s colleague and close friend, is uniquely positioned to offer insights and
suggestions. Armed with an understanding of the corporate culture and a personal bond with

 

 

Business Communication
December 2023 Examination
1) Meher is a communications consultant, fairly an unknown field. However, her
customers know how she makes a real difference in their way of reaching out to their
clients. Meher handles all the communication channels that her customers need to use in
their business. Their email communications, their social media communications, their
web presence, and literature that goes out from their offices. She also conducts training
for her customers so that they can use the strategies and make themselves effective. One
basic tip that Meher likes to always follow and share with people is controlling the style
and tone of communication. Considering this case, please share the rules or strategies
that you covered about controlling the style and tone of communication, in your course.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of business, communication stands as a pillar that bridges the gap
between an organization and its stakeholders. Meher, a communications consultant, embodies
the essence of this vital role. While the domain of communications consultancy might seem
esoteric to many, its impact is palpable in the way businesses connect with their clients. The
digital age has amplified the channels of communication, making it imperative for businesses
to maintain a consistent and effective presence across all platforms, be it email, social media,
websites, or printed literature. However, amidst the cacophony of
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2) Praful is working for a research institute as research associate for
archaeological projects. As a part of his job, Praful needs to write to various
departments of the government for access to forts and geographical areas for research.
Help Praful to develop a routine request draft towards asking for information and
action to these departments. (Write the letter to Archaeological Survey of India about
visiting 2 forts in 6 months). (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Archaeology, as a discipline, is a bridge that connects us to our past, enabling us to
understand our history, culture, and the evolution of our societies. It is through the meticulous
efforts of archaeologists that we are able to uncover the mysteries of bygone eras and gain
insights into the lives of our ancestors. Praful, a dedicated research associate for a renowned
research institute, is one such individual who has devoted his life to the pursuit of knowledge
and the discovery of our historical roots. His passion for archaeology is not just limited to
academic research; it extends to the field where real discoveries are made. However, the path
3) Sumana is heading HR of a PR agency in a big city. She is rather known for being
bluntly honest. However, she is always appreciated for being logical. While she will be
honest in her negative feedback about performance reviews or when rejecting any job
application, she always gives clear reasons, which work as positive feedback for the
receivers. In light of this, answer the following questions.
a) Put forth strategies for effectively rejecting job applications. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of Human Resources, the task of rejecting job applications is as crucial
as selecting the right candidate. While it’s essential to ensure that the organization’s interests
are upheld, it’s equally vital to ensure that the rejected candidates walk away with a positive
experience. Sumana’s approach, characterized by blunt honesty coupled with logical
b) Share a strategy for sharing negative performance reviews. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Performance reviews are a cornerstone of professional development, providing employees
with feedback on their contributions and areas of improvement. While positive reviews are
easy to communicate, negative reviews pose a challenge. They can be demotivating and, if
not handled correctly, can lead to decreased morale and productivity. However, with the right
strategy, negative performance reviews can be transformed into constructive discussions that
Business Law
December 2023 Examination
1) If the policy contains an arbitration clause, the courts in India will direct the parties
to arbitrate. The jurisdiction of the court in deciding an application for arbitral
reference is very narrow and limited to examining only the existence of an arbitration
agreement, and all other questions relating to the arbitrability of the dispute have to be
decided by the arbitral tribunal. Explain this statement with the help of recent decision
of various courts. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Arbitration, as an alternative to traditional litigation, has grown in popularity as a mode of
dispute resolution, especially in commercial contracts. The reason for its attractiveness lies in
the fact that arbitration is often perceived as a quicker, more confidential, and flexible method
to resolve disputes than the traditional court system. However, it hinges on the existence of an
arbitration clause in the agreement between the parties. In India, the arbitration process is
governed by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Act clearly delineates the role of
courts and arbitral tribunals in the arbitration process. The focal
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2) The vehicle owner paid the renewal premium amount to the insurance agent on
January 19, 2022 and a receipt was also issued. However, the insurance agent had
credited the amount to the insurance company only on January 31, 2022. The policy for
the vehicle was issued only with effect from February 1, 2016. On January 24, 2022
accident happened and the owner of the vehicle died. The insurance company rejected
the claim and hence the legal heirs of the vehicle owner filed a case against the insurance
company. The court mulcted the entire liability upon the insurance agent. Examine
whether in this situation agent was liable with the help of recent case laws. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Insurance is a contractual agreement between the policyholder and the insurance company,
ensuring that in return for premium payments, the insurer will provide compensation for
specified potential future events. An integral part of this contract is the timely payment and
processing of premiums, which ensures the continuity of the coverage. Insurance agents act
as intermediaries between policyholders and insurance companies, and their roles come with
fiduciary responsibilities. The situation detailed above presents a quandary wherein a delay in
transmitting a renewal premium by the insurance agent may have led to a lack of coverage
3) Consumers who are unaware of their rights are vulnerable in the marketplace. It is
vital that they be aware of their rights so that they can make choices confidently, and
with due regard to their interests.
(a) What are all the rights available to consumer. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the modern marketplace, consumers often find themselves navigating a complex web of
products, services, and providers. Given the diversity and intricacy of options available, the
potential for exploitation or unintentional harm is high. Recognizing this challenge,
legislations and frameworks have been instituted globally to protect consumers and empower
(b) Explain the compliant making process for misleading advertisement and ecommerce
platform. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The rise of digital platforms, particularly e-commerce and online advertising, has transformed
the way we shop and consume information. While these platforms offer convenience and a
plethora of choices, they also come with their set of challenges. Misleading advertisements
and e-commerce discrepancies can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and potential harm. To
Decision Science
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Draw the decision tree diagram and explain the best possible decision based on
EMVs
(expected Monetary Values) On the 1st April 2023, Rajinder Saproo, an investor is in a
dilemma for the investment of 10 lakh INR. He has consulted his Mumbai based friend,
MukulBhai Gadhecha, an investment expert for this matter. Mr Saproo went to meet
him at his office located at Prabhadevi. Mukulbhai asked him to express his feeling for
the market situation in coming economic year.
Mr Saproo assumed the economic growth for the coming year in the following way.
10 % optimist for the ‘Good Economic Growth’
50 % optimist for the ‘Moderate Economic Growth’
40 % optimist for the ‘Lower Economic Growth’.
In addition to this, MuKulbhai Gadhecha carried out his analysis to derive possible
payoff values considering the various investment options as per the economic situations
(presented in the table given below). Figures are in INR on the investment of whole
amount of 10 lakhs.
Options Good Economic
Growth
Moderate Economic
Growth
Lower Economic
Mauti Suzuki Shares 3,00,000 1,20,000 5G0r,o0w00th’
TATA Motor Shares 4,00,000 1,00,000 10,000
D Mart shares 4,50,000 2,30,000 30,000
If you were in place of Mukulbhai Gadhecha, What do you recommend to Mr. Saproo?
Note: You are not allowed to use any software for the calculation. But for the
preparation of
Decision tree diagram you are advised to use Software like MS -Word, PowerPoint etc.
(10 Marks)
Solution Q. 1
Title: Investment Recommendation for Mr. Saproo Using Expected Monetary Values
(EMVs)
Introduction:
Mr. Rajinder Saproo, an investor with 10 lakh INR, sought the know-how of
MukulbhaiGadhecha, an investment expert based in Mumbai. Mukulbhai became tasked with
advising Mr. Saproo on the optimal investment choice given sure economic growth scenarios.
Mr. Saproo’s notion of the financial landscape for the upcoming year became divided into
three procedures: 10% optimistic about ‘true economic growth,’ 50% confident about
‘moderate economic increase,’ and 40% happy about ‘lower financial increase.’ Mukulbhai
Gadhecha comprehensively analyzed potential payoffs for diverse investment alternatives
underneath these situations. The investment alternatives under attention had been Maruti
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Q2. Draw the appropriate chart using MS EXCEL, also carryout Exponential
Smoothing model in MS EXCEL for the given Alpha values, copy the results (from
EXCEL to Word) and explain which alpha is relatively better for the forecast. In this
journey of identification of relatively better way of forecasting you may take the
support of MAD and MSE type of errors. Suggested Alpha values are 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7,
0.9. (10 Marks)
Yield of
Groundnut
(Kg./hectare)
2000-01
977
2001-02
1127
694
1357
1020
1187
866
1459
1163
991
1411
1323
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
995
1764
1552
1465
1398
1893
1422
2063
1703
1758
Data Source: RBI
SOLUTION
The Quest for the Optimal Alpha:
Inside the realm of forecasting, we embark on a quest to unveil the alpha value that holds the
key to superior predictive powers. Our journey takes us through the dense forest of mean
Absolute Deviation (MAD) and the treacherous terrain of suggest-squared mistakes (MSE).
These metrics will be our guiding stars in this odyssey.
The Contestants:
Our noble contestants are alpha values—0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. each Alpha seeks to prove
its worth in the forecasting world, but only one shall emerge victorious.
Q3. A) You are not advised to use Software in this case, show the calculation-steps typed
in your MS-word file.
In Roshni lights ( manufacturer of Mirchi lights) A production run of 2000 set of Mirchi
lights being tested for the life, the data shows that life is normally distributed with an
average life span of 90 days and a standard deviation of 10 days. What is the probability
if a set of Mirchi lights randomly selected from that lot, survived up to 100 days? (5
Marks)
SOLUTION 3-A
To ascertain the chance of a randomly selected set of Mirchi lights from the production lot
surviving for 100 days, we delve into the world of records and regular distribution. With a
median life span (mean) of 90 days and a standard deviation of 10 days, we embark on a
journey to calculate this probability of the usage of the fascinating world of Z-scores and the
Q3 B) Draw an appropriate chart to show the contribution of each category (in percent
form) of Micro, small and medium Enterprises (MSMEs) at the state level. (You may
use the MS EXCEL). In conclusion also write, why you have chosen this graph for this
problem? (5 Marks)
StateName DistrictName Total
MSMEs
Micro Small Medium
UTTARAKHA
ND
ALMORA 1235 1068 150 17
UTTARAKHA
ND
BAGESHWAR 838 807 29 2
UTTARAKHA
ND
CHAMOLI 739 688 49 2
UTTARAKHA
ND
CHAMPAWAT 802 745 55 2
UTTARAKHA
ND
DEHRADUN 12605 10600 1909 96
UTTARAKHA
ND
HARIDWAR 8883 6416 2263 204
UTTARAKHA
ND
NAINITAL 3752 3003 675 74
UTTARAKHA
ND
PAURI
GARHWAL
4955 4678 264 13
UTTARAKHA
ND
PITHORAGARH 1061 962 95 4
UTTARAKHA
ND
RUDRA PRAYAG 740 698 37 5
UTTARAKHA
ND
TEHRI
GARHWAL
1399 1227 162 10
UTTARAKHA
ND
UDHAM
SINGH NAGAR
9746 7767 1839 140
UTTARAKHA
ND
UTTARKASHI 1114 1002 111 1
Data source: OGD
SOLUTION 3-B
0
50
100
150
200
250
ALMORA
BAGESHWAR
CHAMOLI
CHAMPAWAT
DEHRADUN
HARIDWAR
NAINITAL
PAURI GARHWAL
PITHORAGARH
RUDRA PRAYAG
TEHRI GARHWAL
UDHAM SINGH NAGAR
UTTARKASHI
Medium
Stacked Bar
Reasons for Choosing a Stacked Bar Chart:
Comparative Clarity: The number one objective is to offer a clear, visible assessment of the
contributions made by Micro, Small, and Medium enterprises to the overall range of MSMEs
in each district of Uttarakhand. A stacked bar chart excels on this, presenting those
contributions facet through side within each section. This visible contrast is crucial for
Essentials of HRM
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Explain how you would do a job analysis for the position of “Successful Student”
and create a job description using the various elements. Explain your choices of
essential functions and job specifications.
Ans 1.
Introduction
Job analysis is a systematic process of understanding the nature and requirements of a
particular position. It involves gathering, documenting, and analyzing information about a job
to provide a comprehensive understanding of its roles, responsibilities, and qualifications.
When we think of job analysis, we often associate it with traditional occupations in the
corporate world. However, the concept can be applied to any role, including that of a
“Successful Student.” A student’s role is multifaceted, encompassing academic,
extracurricular, and personal development aspects. By conducting a job analysis for the
position of a “Successful Student,” we aim to understand the key components that contribute
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Q2. Which training methods would be most effective to train the taste testers? Discuss
how each ofthe levels in Kirkpatrick’s model could be applied to the training for the
positions.
Would another evaluation method be more relevant? Explain. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Taste testers play a pivotal role in the food and beverage industry, ensuring that products
meet specific quality and flavor standards before reaching the market. Training these
professionals effectively is crucial, not only to ensure consistent product quality but also to
maintain a brand’s reputation. One of the widely recognized models for evaluating training
programs is Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Training Evaluation Model. This model provides a
structured framework to assess the effectiveness of training at different stages, from the
immediate reaction of the participants to the long-term impact on business outcomes. In the
context of training taste testers, it becomes essential to understand how each level of
Q3. Design an employee selection program for hiring stock traders. We already know
what to look for as far as the technical skills are concerned such as accounting skills,
economics, and so on. What we want is a program for screening out potential bad
apples. To that end, please let us know the following:
a) What screening tests would you suggest, and why? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The financial industry, especially stock trading, is not just about numbers and market
analysis; it’s also about trust, integrity, and ethical decision-making. While technical skills are
paramount, the character and moral compass of a stock trader can significantly impact an
organization’s reputation and financial health. Therefore, when designing an employee
selection program for hiring stock traders, it’s crucial to have robust screening mechanisms in
b) What questions should we add to our application form? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction (100 words)
The application form is often the first point of interaction between a potential employee and
an organization. For roles as critical as stock traders, where ethical considerations are
paramount, the application form should be more than just a collection of personal details and
qualifications. It should serve as a preliminary screening tool to gauge the applicant’s values,
ethical beliefs, and past behaviors. By incorporating specific questions tailored to assess these
aspects, organizations can filter out candidates who might not align with their ethical
Operations Management
December 2023 Examination
Q.1 Tesla Motors is considering India for setting up its manufacturing facility. As
regional head, you have been assigned the most critical decision of choosing a location
for your business setup. What are the various factors that you will consider for
narrowing down on a facility location for your business? Also, justify your selection
with some facts based on the choice of your location as you why you feel that location is
appropriate for setting up the manufacturing facility. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving landscape of the automotive industry, Tesla Motors stands as a beacon
of innovation and sustainability. As the company looks to expand its global footprint, India
emerges as a potential destination for its next manufacturing facility. India, with its vast
market potential, burgeoning middle class, and strategic location, offers a unique blend of
opportunities and challenges for global manufacturers. However, the decision to set up a
manufacturing facility is not one to be taken lightly. It requires a thorough analysis of various
factors that can influence the success and profitability of the venture. From infrastructural
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Q.2 Explain the need for a good layout and compare the different types of layouts used
in operations management, emphasizing their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Post that, analyze the specific challenges and opportunities associated with both the
cloud kitchen format and dine-in restaurant setups. Finally, make a recommendation on
the most suitable layout type for each format, providing a justification for your choice
based on how the selected layout addresses the unique needs and challenges of each
format. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Operations management is the backbone of any organization, ensuring that business processes
run smoothly, efficiently, and effectively. One of the pivotal aspects of operations
management is the design and implementation of an appropriate layout. A layout refers to the
arrangement of physical facilities such as machinery, equipment, furniture, and the like, in a
manner that optimizes the flow of work, materials, and people within an organization. A welldesigned
layout not only enhances operational efficiency but also improves worker
productivity, reduces production time, minimizes material handling costs, and ensures safety.
Q.3 A famous patisserie brand is planning to open a new mid-sized pastry shop near
your locality. Considering their expertise and knowledge in manufacturing and
branding their product offerings, they are confident of getting into the new pastry shop
operations. The standard offering, which is ready-to-eat single items, takes nearly 20
minutes for one worker, while the extended multiple items required in bulk take 30
minutes. On the other hand, custom-made items require three workers to spend 25
minutes each.
The company is interested in identifying the right number of workers required in its
shop. Using the data given in the table below:
Type of pastry
offered
Demand in the next 4 weeks
1 2 3 4
Standard single
items
2000 2200 2800 2500
Extended multiitems
1700 1600 1300 1000
Custom-made
items
500 600 200 400
a) Estimate the aggregate capacity required at the patisserie brand during the next four
weeks. Also, if the company employs 29 workers for six days a week and 10 hours a day,
compute the capacity available in its current level of working.
Is the capacity adequate to meet the demand, and if not, how much additional capacity
do they need? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The success of any business, especially in the food industry, hinges on its ability to match
capacity with demand. For a renowned patisserie brand venturing into a new locality,
understanding the capacity requirements is crucial to ensure that they can meet customer
demand without incurring unnecessary costs. This analysis aims to estimate the aggregate
capacity required by the patisserie over the next four weeks based on the demand forecast and
capacity shortfall promptly to ensure they can meet customer demand, maintain their
b) What alternatives would you recommend to the patisserie brand to solve their
capacity problem, and if they are ready to recruit, then how many workers should they
recruit? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Capacity management is a delicate balance between meeting demand and controlling costs.
For the patisserie brand, the challenge lies in addressing the capacity shortfall without
compromising on service quality or incurring excessive costs. While recruitment is a direct
solution, it’s essential to explore various alternatives that can provide both short-term and
Strategic Management
December 2023 Examination
1) You are a mobile phone manufacturer manufacturing phones for different segments
of the population. Sales for your lower segment phones is falling while sales for your
higher segment is increasing.
Why do you think is this happening? What could be the reasons? How do you deal with
situation? Does this need any change of strategy? What changes would you do in
strategy? Give valid reasons, examples while answering the questions. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving world of mobile technology, consumer preferences and market
dynamics have displayed tendencies to shift based on a myriad of factors. One such intriguing
phenomenon is the decline in sales of the lower segment phones and the corresponding surge
in sales for the higher segment offerings. This apparent dichotomy could be the result of
various socio-economic, technological, and even psychological factors. A thoughtful analysis
of these reasons is crucial for any mobile manufacturer to determine the necessity and
direction of strategic modifications. Through an exploration of this topic, we aim to dissect
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2) India has been a laggard in the world of Sports. You have been appointed as a
consultant for strategy for building a sports ecosystem in India. Suggest a strategic road
map to make India a sporting powerhouse. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
India, a nation with a rich cultural tapestry and an illustrious history, has often been seen as a
powerhouse in various arenas – be it IT, arts, or cuisine. However, the arena of sports, barring
a few exceptions, is one where the nation has lagged. While the country boasts champions in
cricket and individual sports like badminton and wrestling, the collective representation in
global competitions remains minimal. Several factors, such as insufficient infrastructure, lack
of systematic training, and limited grassroots development, have hindered India’s emergence
3) You are the marketing strategy head for a major online music service. Your business
is dependent on advertising, but, despite the large number of consumers listening to
your app. Advertisers have not been enthused to advertise. (5 Marks)
a. What strategy should you adopt to get advertisers on board? Give examples to
justify your answer.
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the digital age, online music services have gained immense traction, offering consumers an
expansive array of music at their fingertips. While amassing a significant user base should
ideally be attractive to advertisers, there can be challenges that deter them. If advertisers are
reluctant to invest, it’s indicative of a gap between the perceived value proposition of the
b. Create two ideas to engage with advertisers. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In an age dominated by digital interaction, the success of online music platforms hinges not
just on user engagement but equally on attracting advertisers. While the user base is
sprawling and dynamic, making the platform appealing for advertisers requires tailored
strategies. To ensure advertisers perceive genuine value and a distinct edge over competing

 

 

Advance Supply Chain Management
December 2023
Q.1 AquaFilter, a manufacturer of water purifier, operates in a crowded market where
several other water purifiers are present. Discuss, a planning tool and its various
methods, that may helpAquaFilter in discovering the uncertainties of future and
provide a competitive edge. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction:
In the complex world of the 21st century, businesses operate in an ever-evolving landscape
brimming with uncertainties. For AquaFilter, a water purifier manufacturer, these
uncertainties are multiplied due to the intense competition and the rapidly changing consumer
preferences in their market. To gain a competitive edge, it becomes indispensable for
AquaFilter to not just respond to change but to anticipate it. One way to achieve this is
through meticulous planning and leveraging tools designed to navigate the unpredictable
waters of future events and market shifts. The tool in focus here will aid AquaFilter in
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Q.2 AquaFilter approaches you for implementing Aggregate Planning. Discuss, what
four elements that you will suggest AquaFilter should follow and the trade-offs it has to
make for aneffective aggregate planning strategy. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction:
In the increasingly complex world of manufacturing and supply chain, a company’s ability to
anticipate demand and align its production capabilities can significantly influence its market
standing. Aggregate planning, a crucial tool in supply chain management, focuses on striking
a balance between demand and supply, ensuring optimal production while minimizing costs.
For a company like AquaFilter, operating in a competitive environment, mastering aggregate
planning could spell the difference between leading the market and being a follower. This
essay sheds light on the core elements AquaFilter should consider when implementing
Q.3 Maruti Suzuki has been steadily increasing the localization of its components, which
meansusing more locally-sourced materials. This helps to reduce the company’s
dependence onimported materials, which can be more expensive and less reliable.
a) Discuss successful sourcing strategies that may help an organization in efficient
procurement process. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Localization of components, as showcased by Maruti Suzuki’s strategic move, offers
organizations a competitive advantage in terms of cost reduction, supply reliability, and faster
market responsiveness. The pivot from relying on imported materials to locally-sourced ones
is not merely a procurement decision but a broader strategic initiative. An efficient sourcing
strategy lies at the heart of such transformations, ensuring not just cost benefits but also
b) Since sourcing has a direct impact on the performance of an organization, what four
stages of sourcing decision would you recommend while making “Make or Buy”
decisionprocess?
Ans 3b.
Introduction:
The “Make or Buy” decision is a pivotal juncture in an organization’s strategic planning,
influencing not only its operational efficiency but also its competitive positioning in the
market. This decision dictates whether a company should manufacture a product or
component in-house (“make”) or procure it from external suppliers (“buy”). Given its
profound implications on costs, quality, and supply chain dynamics, a structured approach
Audit – II
December 2023 Examination
Q.1 You are being appointed as a Branch auditor for India National Bank. You have to
conduct training session for your team. Please explain following contents of Long Form
Audit Report.
1. Capital
2. Liability
3. Assets
4. Profit and Loss Accounts
5. General
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
An audit report is a formal written opinion about the entity’s financial statements. The
Auditor conveys the record to the management on ceasing the Audit. Other than the view on
the statements, it’s also facts.
It’s a medium for speaking the Auditor’s perspectives to the company’s management. As a
result, he submits the file created to the client. The file explains the statistics contained in it
with clarity and brevity.
The audit report is the last section of the audit work performed by the Auditor and his staff.
Noting that the data in the audit file will be kept from elsewhere. Once the Auditor submits
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Q.2 You are a director of Insurance Company. You have to draft the four important
areas to review the internal control of Insurance Company that impacts the Balance
Sheet. Kindly explain the four important areas to review the internal control that
impacts the Balance Sheet.
1. Investments
2. Balances – Cash and Bank
3. Outstanding premium and agents balance
4. Books, registers and reports
(10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Internal controls are the systems an enterprise uses to decrease the incidence of fraud and
manage chance. The inner control structure contains the accounting gadget, the control
surroundings, and techniques for managing sports. Several years in the past, the (COSO)
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations a non-public-sector, independent organization
whose five sponsoring businesses periodically cope with and become aware of precise
accounting projects or issues, convened to address the problem of internal control
deficiencies inside the accounting systems and operations of organizations. They
and records shall be maintained via applicable law concerning the services.
Q.3 You are consultant of a government entity the officer in charge has got the
notification that CAG’s team will conduct Supplementary audit and Transaction audit.
Kindly explain in detail:
a. Supplementary audit. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
As per the provisions of Sections 139 & 143 of the Organizations Act 2013, The debts of
Public quarter companies (including companies deemed to be PSU groups are audited by the
Comptroller and Auditor Standard of India (CAG). Additionally, the accounts certified via
the Statutory Auditors appointed by the CAG are subject to supplementary Audit by the CAG
or the CAG officials. The CAG gives his statement or supplements the reviews of the
b. Transaction audit. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
A transaction audit may be defined as the document of your entered transactions. Every Audit
has sections. The primary segment shows the transactions entered on the matters/clients or
standard ledger debts, and the second phase indicates the automatic magazine transaction that
updates the public ledger. (journal access audits most effectively have a general ledger
Brand Management
December 2023 Examination
Case:
Bella, a passionate plant lover, is embarking on a new venture that celebrates the beauty
and tranquility of nature. Her start-up, “Bella’s Botanical Haven,” will offer a wide
range of indoor and outdoor plants, along with expert gardening advice, workshops,
and an online plant care community. Bella aims to create a haven where plant
enthusiasts can thrive, connect, and cultivate their green thumb.
Bella has planned the following for her business:
Interactive Plant Care App:
Bella’s Botanical Haven will feature an interactive mobile app that allows users to
identify plants, receive personalized care instructions, and track their plant growth over
time. Virtual
Garden Design Studio:
The platform will offer a virtual garden design tool that helps users plan and visualize
their dream gardens, complete with plant recommendations and layout options.
Plant Subscription Boxes:
Bella’s Botanical Haven will introduce subscription-based plant boxes, where users
receive a curated selection of plants, plant care essentials, and gardening accessories
delivered to their doorstep regularly.
Sustainable Practices:
The brand will emphasize on eco-friendly and sustainable gardening practices,
promoting the use of organic fertilizers, composting, and reducing plastic waste in plant
care.
Botanical Events and Workshops:
Regular botanical events, workshops, and guided garden tours will be organized to
bring together plant enthusiasts, share knowledge, and foster a sense of community.
1. You have been selected as a brand in charge of the business and you have been given
a task to work on brand elements including brand name. Bella has an open mindset for
changing the name if that works for the business. Explain and elaborate on various
types of Brand elements that you will suggest for the business. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the captivating world of plants, Bella’s foray into “Bella’s Botanical Haven” is not just
another retail venture; it’s a sanctuary that bridges the innate human need to connect with
nature. The vibrancy of greens, the rhythmic pattern of growth, and the tangible benefits of
tending to plants bring profound emotional and environmental advantages. To ensure this
venture captures its target audience’s heart and becomes the go-to hub for plant enthusiasts,
the brand elements must be meticulously crafted. These elements, extending beyond just a
brand name, are the vital DNA strands that communicate the brand’s essence, value, and
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2. Explain various ways through which you will leverage secondary brand association
for the business. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Secondary brand association, in the realm of branding, is the strategic harnessing of external
sources to shape perceptions and enhance the brand equity of a business. In the context of
“Bella’s Botanical Haven,” or its envisioned rebranding, this concept can play an instrumental
role. While the primary brand elements lay the foundational tone, it’s the secondary
associations that amplify, solidify, and diversify the brand’s image. Through secondary brand
associations, Bella’s venture can tap into established trust, recognition, and values of other
3. As a brand in charge of the business, explain your concepts on branding with example
to Bella:
a. What are the various things that can be branded, explain with special reference to
business. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Branding, at its core, is about creating a distinctive and lasting impression. It’s a promise to
consumers about the experience they can expect. While most associate branding primarily
with products, the scope of branding is expansive. For Bella’s Botanical Haven,
understanding the breadth of branding possibilities can significantly elevate her venture’s
b. What are the major brand challenges in contemporary times? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the dynamic landscape of contemporary business, brands are not just competing for market
share but for mindshare. The accelerating pace of technological advancements, shifting
consumer behaviors, and an ever-evolving global milieu have together shaped a set of distinct
challenges brands must navigate. These challenges underscore the need for brands to be
Business Communication
December 2023 Examination
1) Meher is a communications consultant, fairly an unknown field. However, her
customers know how she makes a real difference in their way of reaching out to their
clients. Meher handles all the communication channels that her customers need to use in
their business. Their email communications, their social media communications, their
web presence, and literature that goes out from their offices. She also conducts training
for her customers so that they can use the strategies and make themselves effective. One
basic tip that Meher likes to always follow and share with people is controlling the style
and tone of communication. Considering this case, please share the rules or strategies
that you covered about controlling the style and tone of communication, in your course.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of business, communication stands as a pillar that bridges the gap
between an organization and its stakeholders. Meher, a communications consultant, embodies
the essence of this vital role. While the domain of communications consultancy might seem
esoteric to many, its impact is palpable in the way businesses connect with their clients. The
digital age has amplified the channels of communication, making it imperative for businesses
to maintain a consistent and effective presence across all platforms, be it email, social media,
websites, or printed literature. However, amidst the cacophony of
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2) Praful is working for a research institute as research associate for
archaeological projects. As a part of his job, Praful needs to write to various
departments of the government for access to forts and geographical areas for research.
Help Praful to develop a routine request draft towards asking for information and
action to these departments. (Write the letter to Archaeological Survey of India about
visiting 2 forts in 6 months). (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Archaeology, as a discipline, is a bridge that connects us to our past, enabling us to
understand our history, culture, and the evolution of our societies. It is through the meticulous
efforts of archaeologists that we are able to uncover the mysteries of bygone eras and gain
insights into the lives of our ancestors. Praful, a dedicated research associate for a renowned
research institute, is one such individual who has devoted his life to the pursuit of knowledge
and the discovery of our historical roots. His passion for archaeology is not just limited to
academic research; it extends to the field where real discoveries are made. However, the path
3) Sumana is heading HR of a PR agency in a big city. She is rather known for being
bluntly honest. However, she is always appreciated for being logical. While she will be
honest in her negative feedback about performance reviews or when rejecting any job
application, she always gives clear reasons, which work as positive feedback for the
receivers. In light of this, answer the following questions.
a) Put forth strategies for effectively rejecting job applications. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of Human Resources, the task of rejecting job applications is as crucial
as selecting the right candidate. While it’s essential to ensure that the organization’s interests
are upheld, it’s equally vital to ensure that the rejected candidates walk away with a positive
experience. Sumana’s approach, characterized by blunt honesty coupled with logical
b) Share a strategy for sharing negative performance reviews. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Performance reviews are a cornerstone of professional development, providing employees
with feedback on their contributions and areas of improvement. While positive reviews are
easy to communicate, negative reviews pose a challenge. They can be demotivating and, if
not handled correctly, can lead to decreased morale and productivity. However, with the right
strategy, negative performance reviews can be transformed into constructive discussions that
Business Economics
December 2023 Examination
Q1. “Demand forecasting plays a vital role and enables organisations to arrange for the
required input as per the predicted demand, without any wastage of material and time”
Substantiate your view on demand forecasting and discuss the various factors
influencing demand forecasting. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Demand forecasting is the systematic process of estimating the future demand for a product
or service. It functions as the cornerstone for many critical business decisions, be it
production, financial planning, or human resource management. In a rapidly changing and
highly competitive global marketplace, businesses cannot rely merely on historical data or gut
instinct. The implications of overestimating or underestimating demand can be severe,
affecting a company’s profitability, market reputation, and operational efficiency.
Overestimation can lead to inventory piling up, increased carrying costs, and eventual losses
upon clearance sales. Conversely, underestimation can result in stockouts, loss of market
share, and reduced customer trust. Hence, having an accurate prediction of demand helps
businesses to plan efficiently and allocate resources optimally. It is not an exaggeration to
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Q2. Define the term “Elasticity of demand.” Discuss different types of elasticity of
demand. Also, explain why this concept should be of interest to anyone in business who
has a choice to determine the price at which to sell their products. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Elasticity of demand is a central concept in the realm of economics and business. At its
essence, it gauges how sensitively consumer demand responds to changes in various
determinants, most notably price. In a market-driven economy where prices oscillate due to
numerous factors, understanding how these fluctuations impact consumer buying behavior is
paramount. For businesses, elasticity isn’t just an abstract concept; it’s a vital metric that
directly influences their pricing strategies, revenue models, and market positioning. This
importance stems from its direct relationship with a firm’s revenue and profitability.
Understanding demand elasticity aids businesses in making informed decisions about pricing
their products, anticipating market reactions, and strategizing marketing efforts. In this
Q3 A) “The root of the economic problem is the scarcity of resources while our wants
are infinite”. Elaborate the given statement explaining the three types of economic
problems faced by an economy in achieving in production and distribution. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
One of the foundational principles in economics revolves around the concept of scarcity. The
quintessential dilemma is that resources – time, money, land, labor, and others – are limited,
while human wants and needs are virtually endless. This disparity between limited resources
and unlimited desires propels the need for making choices, leading to various economic
problems. Economies, regardless of their development stages, grapple with determining what
Q3b) Complete the hypothetical table – compute and show steps on Average Product
and Marginal product. (5 Marks)
Quantity
Total
Product
Average
Product
Marginal product
1
10
2
30
3
48
4
56
5
56
6
52
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The concepts of Average Product (AP) and Marginal Product (MP) are fundamental in
understanding the law of diminishing returns in production economics. The Average Product
is the output per unit of the variable factor employed, while the Marginal Product is the
additional output resulting from employing an additional unit of the variable factor, keeping
all other factors constant. By computing these values, we can identify patterns and assess the
Business Ethics and Corporate Governance
December 2023 Examination
Question 1:
Alex is the CEO of a small manufacturing company that produces eco-friendly
products. He is deeply committed to sustainability and environmental protection. In his
leadership role, Alex makes sure that the company’s operations align with these values.
He encourages his employees to come up with innovative ways to minimize waste and
reduce the company’s carbon footprint. Alex often shares stories of how the company’s
products have positively impacted the environment, both internally and externally.
Based on this scenario, how can Alex’s approach to leadership be understood through
the concept of “Leading by Values”? How does his commitment to sustainability shape
his decision-making and interactions within the company? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Leading by values is a leadership approach that emphasizes aligning an organization’s actions
and decisions with core values. Those values replicate the beliefs, principles, and vision of
the chief and the corporation, guiding its culture and operations. In this context, Alex, the
CEO of a small manufacturing company producing eco-friendly merchandise, epitomizes
main employing values via prioritizing sustainability and environmental protection. Alex’s
unwavering dedication to these values shapes the company’s products, overall operations, and
employee engagement.
Concept & Application:
1. Defining Leading by Values:
Primary through values entails integrating deeply held concepts and beliefs into the
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Question 2:
Emily is the CEO of a publicly traded company that specializes in producing medical
equipment. The company has been consistently profitable, and Emily has been focusing
on maximizing shareholder value. She often makes decisions with the primary goal of
increasing the company’s stock price and delivering dividends to shareholders.
However, some of the employees have expressed concerns about job security and the
company’s impact on the local community.
Based on this scenario, how can you differentiate between the shareholder and
stakeholder perspectives in terms of Emily’s decision-making as the CEO? How might
her focus on shareholder value potentially impact other groups of stakeholders such as
employees and the local community? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In corporate decision-making, two contrasting perspectives guide the actions and strategies of
CEOs and management groups: the shareholder and the stakeholder views. The shareholder
angle emphasizes maximizing shareholder cost, primarily enhancing the company’s stock fee
and handing over dividends to shareholders. Then again, the stakeholder perspective
acknowledges a broader set of pursuits past shareholders, including employees, local groups,
clients, suppliers, and more.
This case study delves into the choice-making of Emily, the CEO of a publicly traded
company specializing in clinical gadget production. Emily’s focus on maximizing shareholder
Question
3a. Part 1 – Positive Emotions and Engagement: Amy is a graphic designer who recently
joined a creative agency. She loves her work and often finds herself fully engrossed in
designing projects. She feels a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction when she
completes a visually appealing design. Amy enjoys collaborating with her team
members and often shares her ideas during brainstorming sessions.
Part 2 – Relationships and Meaning: Outside of work, Amy is also an active volunteer at
a local animal shelter. She finds immense joy in spending time with the animals and
helping them find loving homes. She values the connections she’s made with other
volunteers who share her passion for animal welfare. Amy feels that her efforts make a
meaningful impact on the lives of these animals and the community.
Question:
3a) – Based on the scenario provided, how does Amy’s experience as a graphic designer
align with the concepts of positive emotions and engagement in the PERMA model?
Discuss how her work-related positive emotions and engagement contribute to her
overall well-being. (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
The PERMA version, developed via positive psychologist Martin Seligman, is a framework
that highlights five essential factors contributing to a fulfilling and flourishing life: positive
emotions, Engagement, Relationships, which means, and Accomplishments. In this context,
we will discover how Amy, a passionate photograph designer, embodies the elements of
positive emotions and engagement within her work and how those aspects significantly affect
3b) – in the context of the PERMA model, how does Amy’s involvement as a volunteer at
the animal shelter illustrate the aspects of relationships and meaning? Explain how her
interactions with fellow volunteers and her contribution to the welfare of animals
provide her with a sense of meaning and fulfillment. (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In positive psychology, understanding and enhancing well-being is a principal focus. One
influential framework in this area is the PERMA model, which evolved with the aid of
psychologist Martin Seligman. The version posits five essential factors contributing to a
flourishing life: positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, meaning, and
Accomplishment, conveniently abbreviated PERMA. This model offers a structure for
Business: Ethics, Governance & Risk
December 2023 Examination
Note: This assignment is application based, you have to apply what you have learnt in
this subject into real life scenario. You will find most of the information through
internet search and the remaining from your common sense. None of the answers
appear directly in the textbook chapters but are based on the content in the chapters,
directly or indirectly.
1. Choose any ONE listed company from the BSE/NSE list of top 150 companies by
turnover. Locate the Business Responsibility & Sustainability Report or ESG
Report (under Statutory Report) in the Annual Report of 2022-23. Read through the
following;
Section C, Principle 6 (in BRSR)
Chairman and/or CEO’s letter (in annual report)
Business strategy (in annual report)
Risk management (in annual report)
ESG performance (in annual report/ BRSR)
Company website (ESG / sustainability)
Sustainability/Integrated report (if available)
Explain in your own words the company’s relationship with water as a resource
including what are its water related risks, opportunities and financial implications.
How does business manage/approach all its water related issues and initiatives as an
overall business strategy such that it minimizes its negative impact on the environment
as well as the local communities. (use quantitative data to support your answer where
required). DO NOT copy paste. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction:
Tata Steel, one of the prominent companies in the BSE/NSE top 150 list by turnover, has
always been a significant player in the steel industry with vast operational outreach. As such,
the company has a massive demand for water to facilitate its operations. Acknowledging
water as a vital resource, Tata Steel places a significant emphasis on water stewardship in its
Business Responsibility & Sustainability Reports, Annual Reports, and other communication
platforms. Recognizing the threats that unfettered consumption poses to both the environment
and its operational viability, the company has strategically pivoted its approach towards
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2. Go through the Code of Conduct and all other corporate policies published on the
company’s website. (Can use the same company as in Q1 or another company from the
same list) Write an executive summary in your own words about all the key
points/parameters covered in the code of conduct plus ONE other policy (NOT csr
policy). Conclude with your observations and insights about what both of them are
meant to achieve. DO NOT copy paste. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) stands as a beacon in the corporate world, not just for its
vast business ventures but also for its commitment to ethical practices and corporate
governance. A company’s Code of Conduct and its corporate policies are foundational
documents that guide its operations, ensuring that it remains true to its values while
navigating the complex business landscape. These documents not only set the standards for
the company’s internal operations but also define its relationship with stakeholders, partners,
3. Today pollution is a growing health concern globally. It is seen as an essential evil on
the path of economic growth and social development. Yet it needs to be addressed for all
of us to have a reasonably good quality of life and access to clean air and water is a basic
Human Rights.
a. Do you think pollution is ethically consumer responsibility as well? Why do you
think so? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In today’s interconnected world, the issue of pollution transcends boundaries, affecting every
individual, community, and nation. While industries and governments play pivotal roles in
addressing environmental concerns, the role of the consumer cannot be overlooked. As
beneficiaries of economic growth and participants in the global market, consumers wield
b. Explain atleast two ethical dilemmas faced by companies while trying to reduce their
pollution levels. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the quest for sustainability, companies often grapple with complex ethical dilemmas as
they attempt to reduce pollution levels. Balancing economic growth with environmental
responsibility presents challenges that require companies to make difficult decisions. These
dilemmas often arise from conflicting interests, values, and stakeholder expectations, making
Business Law
December 2023 Examination
1) If the policy contains an arbitration clause, the courts in India will direct the parties
to arbitrate. The jurisdiction of the court in deciding an application for arbitral
reference is very narrow and limited to examining only the existence of an arbitration
agreement, and all other questions relating to the arbitrability of the dispute have to be
decided by the arbitral tribunal. Explain this statement with the help of recent decision
of various courts. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Arbitration, as an alternative to traditional litigation, has grown in popularity as a mode of
dispute resolution, especially in commercial contracts. The reason for its attractiveness lies in
the fact that arbitration is often perceived as a quicker, more confidential, and flexible method
to resolve disputes than the traditional court system. However, it hinges on the existence of an
arbitration clause in the agreement between the parties. In India, the arbitration process is
governed by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Act clearly delineates the role of
courts and arbitral tribunals in the arbitration process. The focal
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2) The vehicle owner paid the renewal premium amount to the insurance agent on
January 19, 2022 and a receipt was also issued. However, the insurance agent had
credited the amount to the insurance company only on January 31, 2022. The policy for
the vehicle was issued only with effect from February 1, 2016. On January 24, 2022
accident happened and the owner of the vehicle died. The insurance company rejected
the claim and hence the legal heirs of the vehicle owner filed a case against the insurance
company. The court mulcted the entire liability upon the insurance agent. Examine
whether in this situation agent was liable with the help of recent case laws. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Insurance is a contractual agreement between the policyholder and the insurance company,
ensuring that in return for premium payments, the insurer will provide compensation for
specified potential future events. An integral part of this contract is the timely payment and
processing of premiums, which ensures the continuity of the coverage. Insurance agents act
as intermediaries between policyholders and insurance companies, and their roles come with
fiduciary responsibilities. The situation detailed above presents a quandary wherein a delay in
transmitting a renewal premium by the insurance agent may have led to a lack of coverage
3) Consumers who are unaware of their rights are vulnerable in the marketplace. It is
vital that they be aware of their rights so that they can make choices confidently, and
with due regard to their interests.
(a) What are all the rights available to consumer. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the modern marketplace, consumers often find themselves navigating a complex web of
products, services, and providers. Given the diversity and intricacy of options available, the
potential for exploitation or unintentional harm is high. Recognizing this challenge,
legislations and frameworks have been instituted globally to protect consumers and empower
(b) Explain the compliant making process for misleading advertisement and ecommerce platform. (5
Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The rise of digital platforms, particularly e-commerce and online advertising, has transformed
the way we shop and consume information. While these platforms offer convenience and a
plethora of choices, they also come with their set of challenges. Misleading advertisements
and e-commerce discrepancies can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and potential harm. To
Capital Market & Portfolio Management

1) Net income = ₹3, 00,000/- preferred dividend = ₹30,000/- during the year. In addition
it also had ₹30, 00,000 total shares outstanding during the year and ₹5, 00,000/-
preferred stock. Calculate ROE of the organization.
Ans :
Introduction
Return on equity (ROE) is a critical financial metric that assesses a company’s profitability
and efficiency in producing income for its shareholders. It measures the go-back generated on
shareholders’ equity invested within the business. For buyers and analysts, ROE is a critical
indicator of an organization’s overall economic performance and is frequently used to
evaluate its overall fitness and attractiveness as an investment.
Understanding ROE entails analyzing the net income because of common shareholders
concerning the equity to be had to the one’s shareholders. It answers the fundamental
question: “How successfully is a company utilizing its equity to generate profits?”
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2) Your collogue is interested to invest in derivative market. But he doesn’t have a good
knowledge about it. He wants some information about different types of derivatives.
Explain him different types of derivatives.
Ans :
Introduction
Derivatives are financial devices whose value is derived from the value of an underlying
asset, index, or charge. They are essential in modern finance, allowing investors to manage
risk, speculate on fee movements, and decorate investment returns. Derivatives have gained
tremendous popularity in financial markets due to their versatility and ability to cater to
various threat management strategies.
In essence, derivatives function contracts between parties, the client (long position) and the
seller (short work), and their price is related to the anticipated future fee movements of the
3) a) Your friend wanted to invest in stock market. But he is confused how much
amount to invest in different stocks. With the help of sharpe ratio, help your friend to
prepare optimum portfolio.
Stock
Sharpe Ratio
S1
1.5
S2
2
S3
2.5
Total
6
Ans ;
Introduction to the Sharpe Ratio:
The Sharpe Ratio is a widely used measure in finance to assess the chance-adjusted go-back
of a funding or portfolio. It was advanced by way of Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe. The
ratio helps traders examine the trade-off between threats and go back and make informed
b) If you have Rs.10, 000/- & decides to invest 40% in mutual fund and rest in shares.
Expected return from mutual fund is 8% & from shares is 12%. How will you calculate
total expected return?
Ans :
Introduction:
Investing is a crucial factor in financial planning and wealth creation. It involves allocating
funds in various financial contraptions to generate ability returns. One common approach is
diversifying investments in mutual budgets and shares. This approach allows for publicity to
both marketplace diversity and potential growth. In this scenario, we have Rs. 10,000 to
invest, with 40% allotted to the mutual price range and the relaxation of shares. We can
Cloud Computing
December 2023 Examination
Q 1. You are invited by the Government of Djibouti to advise on deployment of cloud
for their e-governance services. The Government is very keen to reduce the total cost of
ownership and increase scalability of its e-governance infrastructure. As such, it
is evaluating the use of cloud and the right choice for the deployment model. You have
been asked to provide a brief report explaining pros and cons of each cloud deployment
model for e-governance systems in Djibouti. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Cloud computing has revolutionized the way organizations manage and access their IT
resources. For nations like Djibouti, which are on the cusp of digital transformation, the
adoption of cloud technologies, especially for e-governance systems, can be a game-changer.
E-governance, the use of digital tools and systems to provide public services, is pivotal for
enhancing transparency, efficiency, and citizen engagement. As Djibouti seeks to bolster its
e-governance infrastructure, cloud computing emerges as a viable solution, offering
scalability, flexibility, and potential cost savings. However, the journey to the cloud is not
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Q 2. EZLearn Technologies is a startup being incubated at IIT Powai. It offers K12 e-
Tutoring via cloud. Being a startup, it is unable to afford its own data center. Rather it
is evaluating commercially available technology platforms for cloud computing.
Specifically, it is evaluating (a) whether to opt for IaaS or PaaS, and (b) AWS, GCP or
Azure. You are invited to provide a comparison of these choices and recommend the
most suitable combination for them. You may get more details by visiting the web site of
these firms or you can make your own assumptions. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Cloud computing has revolutionized the way businesses operate, offering scalable, flexible,
and cost-effective solutions to meet the ever-evolving technological demands. Startups, in
particular, have greatly benefited from this paradigm shift, as it allows them to access highend

computing resources without the hefty upfront costs of establishing their own data
centers. EZLearn Technologies, a budding startup incubated at IIT Powai, stands at the
crossroads of making a pivotal decision regarding its technological infrastructure. As they
venture into the realm of K12 e-Tutoring via the cloud, the choice between Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS), as well as the selection of a cloud provider,
Q 3. The Top Management of Dream Home Estates is meeting to discuss their plan for a
New CRM Solution. Both the CIO, Mr. Unni and the CFO, Mr. Mishra are of the
strong opinion that the company should implement a Custom On-Premise CRM
solution to be developed by the company’s regular IT Partner. On the other hand, both,
Mr Das, Head of Sales and Ms Dutt, CFO are keen to move to a cloud Cloud-based
SaaS CRM solution. The debate is getting heated as Ms Dutt also recalled past IT
system implementation failures.
a. What arguments can Mr. Unni make in favor of in-house CRM implementation? (5
Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems play a pivotal role in modern
businesses, streamlining sales, marketing, and customer service operations. The decision
between an on-premise CRM solution and a cloud-based SaaS CRM is crucial, with both
options offering distinct advantages. Mr. Unni, the CIO of Dream Home Estates, advocates
for an in-house CRM implementation. His perspective, rooted in the technical and strategic
b. What arguments can Mr Das make in favor of a Cloud-based SaaS CRM solution? (5
Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In today’s fast-paced digital landscape, businesses are constantly seeking solutions that offer
agility, scalability, and efficiency. Cloud-based Software as a Service (SaaS) CRM systems
have emerged as a popular choice for many organizations, providing a host of benefits that
traditional on-premise solutions might not offer. Mr. Das, the Head of Sales at Dream Home
Commercial Banking System & Role of RBI
December 2023 Examination
1) Independence of Central Bank is very crucial for impartial functioning and fair play
in the economy. Any closeness of Central Bank to Ministry of Finance will not be fair
and it will be viewed as baby of the government and will be looked with suspicion. Do
you agree or disagree with the above statement and what is your stand?
Ans:
Introduction
A central bank’s Independence broadly appeared as a fundamental element for ensuring
impartial economic functioning and truthful play inside an economic system. Crucial
financial institution independence refers to the diploma of autonomy a principal bank
possesses in its choice-making and operational sports, unfastened from undue influence from
the authorities or different external entities. This autonomy is crucial in maintaining
economic stability, controlling inflation, managing monetary policy, and selling long-term
sustainable growth. The connection between the significant bank and the Ministry of Finance
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2) RBI has different parameters for evaluating the performance of bank. These criteria
emanates from different roles played by commercial banks. Explain the different
parameters on which banks are rated on scale of 1 to 5. Here 5 is rated as
unsatisfactory/poorly performing bank, while 1 rating is deemed as a well run bank.
Ans :
Introduction
Comparing a bank’s performance is essential for regulatory bodies, such as the Reserve
Financial Institution of India (RBI), to ensure balance, growth, and adherence to regulatory
norms within the banking sector. These evaluations are essential for retaining a sturdy
financial machine that fosters economic development. The RBI, the apex monetary authority
in India, has devised a complete framework related to various parameters to evaluate the
performance of banks. This evaluation proposes to check banks’ performance, economic
health, risk control, and essential effectiveness. The rating scale tiers from 1 to five, where 5
signifies an unsatisfactory or poorly appearing bank, and 1 represents a nicely run, efficiently
3) Today most of the banks are focusing on recovery of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs).
A large chunk of bank’s money is locked in these assets. Major defaulters are
intentional who plan to defraud the bank and run away. The other types of defaulters
are those, who because of circumstances or due to some inability are unable to repay the
bank loans. Banks have to make huge provisions for NPAs, which reduce the
profitability of the banks. However, new legislations have been passed expediting
recovery process but more needs to be done. In light of above statements:
a) Write the major steps taken for recovery since last 10 years
Ans:
Introduction:
The issue of Non-performing assets (NPAs) has been a significant concern for the Indian
banking quarter, impacting banks’ financial fitness and profitability. NPAs are loans or
advances that have stopped generating income for the lender because of default repayment.
Over the last decade, India’s banking area has witnessed a growing emphasis on NPA
recovery because of its increasing magnitude of NPAs and adverse effects on the economy.
b) How do you differentiate between intentional defaulters and ability defaulters, and
the view of RBI on these two category of defaulters?
Ans:
Introduction
Non-performing assets (NPAs) have been complex for banks and financial institutions
worldwide. In India, this issue has gained significant attention due to its impact on the
stability and profitability of the banking area. NPAs check with loans or advances that have
stopped generating income for a bank because of non-compensation or default by borrowers.
Inside the realm of NPAs, there are distinct classes of defaulters: intentional defaulters and
Compensation & Benefits
December 2023 Examination
Q1) ABC Metallurgicals Pvt Ltd is a medium scale manufacturer engaged in producing
castings (big, medium & small) for the auto industry. It proposes to set-up a new plant
in the vicinity of Pune, Maharashtra and their MD has approached you to design
their Compensation structure. Explain briefly how you would proceed from the
principles. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Compensation design is an integral aspect of an organization’s human resource strategy,
directly influencing its ability to attract, retain, and motivate employees. For a medium-scale
manufacturer like ABC Metallurgicals Pvt Ltd, which is on the verge of expanding its
operations with a new plant in Pune, the compensation structure must reflect both the
competitive landscape of the metallurgical and auto industry and the local economic
dynamics. To create a robust compensation framework for the company, it is essential to
understand the company’s overarching goals, the industry benchmark, the characteristics of
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Q2) The M.D of a big hospital has approached you to solve the problem of manpower
attrition. It seems that good people are being recruited but they are leaving after two or
three years which is not only hampering service to patients but is also affecting the
hospital’s reputation. He wants you to study the situation and recommend appropriate
strategies. What will your strategy be to improve the situation in the hospital? (10
marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
High rates of attrition, especially within medical institutions, are more than just a challenge;
they represent a substantial threat to the quality of healthcare provided and the institution’s
reputation. When the best of talent leaves after a short duration, it’s indicative of deep-rooted
systemic issues, often transcending mere monetary concerns. Attrition can be the outcome of
various factors, ranging from the workplace environment, compensation, work-life balance,
professional growth opportunities, to the organizational culture. Addressing this problem
Q3) Get-well hospitals is a reputed chain of hospitals in the southern part of the
country and recently they have decided to open a branch in a city in Western India. As
a first step they had advertised for the position of “Staff Nurses” with nursing
qualification and adequate experience. From the numerous applicants they selected
fifteen ladies from diverse background, w.r.t age, qualification, experience, attitude,
physical fitness & communication skill.
Q3a) The “Administrator” of that hospital wants you to design an appropriate scheme
so that they can rank these ladies (from best to last) and give them the compensation
befitting their worth to the orgn. Discuss the “scheme” that you would design to assess
these ladies. Their requisite Job Description & Job Specification is given below. (5
marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Determining compensation for employees based on their value to the organization demands a
strategic approach, particularly in the sensitive and critical domain of healthcare. Given the
diversity in the profiles of the fifteen staff nurses in terms of age, qualification, experience,
attitude, physical fitness, and communication skills, it’s essential to establish a scheme that
Q3b) You are requested to suggest how the selected persons can be compensated. (5
marks)
Job Description
i) Monitor and record vital health parameters of indoor patients & communicate
to attending doctor in case of any abnormalities
ii) Provide proper medication to individual patients as per doctor’s advice
iii) Accompanying Resident Doctor/Specialist on rounds and act on their advice
iv) Maintain patient hygiene as well as in the hospital ward by directing cleaning staff
v) Maintain liaison with Dietician regarding food for individual patients
vi) Maintain liaison with Lab for doctor prescribed tests and place report to doctor
vii) Be kind to patients, especially while dealing with elderly ones
viii)Be always cautious to identify any life-threatening deterioration in patient’s health
Job Qualification
i) Must have appropriate “Nursing” qualifications & at least seven years of
ward experience out of which three years should be in a big hospital.
ii) Must be physically fit & quite agile to give effective care to each patient
iii) Must be able to communicate in local language, English and preferably Hindi
iv) Must have good knowledge about what emergency medicine to use in which
situation.
v) Should be having good behaviour & capable of providing emotional support
vi) Should be having technical competence to computerize all medical records
vii) Should be able to handle specialised medical equipment like ventilator, PAP
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Staff nurses are pivotal to the seamless functioning of a hospital, playing a role that is both
clinically essential and emotionally supportive for patients. Given the diverse background of
the nurses selected by Get-well hospitals, a comprehensive compensation package should
reflect not just their educational qualifications and experience, but also their multi-faceted
Consumer Behaviour
December 2023 Examination
Q1. A study in 2021 by People Research on India’s Consumer Economy (PRICE) in
partnership with the National Payments Corporation of India on Digital Payments has
estimated that around 61% of Indian households will be doing digital payments by 2025
if the enabling environment for that is created. The break-up of the households across 3
broad income groups viz. Rich, Middle Class and Poor for digital payments is as under:
Class
No. of Households in
% Share
Millions expected to do
Rich
36.0
23.6%
Middle Class
Digital Payments by 2025
61.0
40.2%
Poor
55.0
36.2%
Total
152.0
100.0%
It is obvious that the Poor Class is going to be much bigger in Digital Payments
compared to the Rich and almost similar in share compared to the Middle Class, though
their average ticket size is going to be smaller. It is also clear that in order the realise the
potential number of 55 million Households the poor will need the highest support and
hand-holding
From a consumer buying perspective what are the things think the Government
Authorities along with banks and financial institutions do to enable a faster adoption of
Digital Payments across the poorer and economically backward sections of the society.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
India stands at the cusp of a digital revolution, as revealed by the 2021 study by People
Research on India’s Consumer Economy (PRICE) in association with the National Payments
Corporation of India. As the wave of digitalization sweeps over the subcontinent, it brings
forth a unique challenge and opportunity – integrating the economically backward sections
into the digital payments ecosystem. The study indicated that by 2025, 55 million households
from the ‘poor’ category might become active participants in digital transactions, a number
almost paralleling the middle class and surpassing the rich. However, this transformation isn’t
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Q2. Age has 2 broad categories – chronological age and Subjective Age which is
different from chronological age. Subjective Age has 4 dimensions. Analyse how the 4
dimensions of Age will impact the purchase choices for consumers buying cosmetics and
ready-to-wear clothes. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Age, as a determinant of human behavior, goes far beyond the number of years a person has
lived. While chronological age is a straightforward measure of how long someone has been
alive, it is not always an accurate predictor of attitudes, behavior, or preferences. This is
where subjective age comes into play. Subjective age can be defined as how a person feels,
perceives, or would like to be in age, rather than their actual chronological age. This
discrepancy between chronological and subjective age can significantly influence consumer
Q3. Answer the following
a) A company in USA has developed a Gluten Meter which is device that measure the
gluten content in the food a consumer wants to consume. Gluten is a group of proteins
found in wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives. It’s what gives dough its elasticity and
helps baked goods maintain their shape. While gluten is responsible for the desirable
texture of many baked products, it can aggravate diabetes and obesity. Since India has
the highest number of diabetics in the world this American wants to understand the
attitude of people towards Gluten and Gluten Meters. How will they be able to
understand the attitude of the consumer to this. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The dynamics of global health are shifting rapidly, with diabetes becoming a paramount
concern, especially in countries like India which houses the world’s largest diabetic
population. Amidst this backdrop, a novel Gluten Meter has emerged from the USA, aimed at
measuring gluten content in food items. Gluten, though essential for elasticity in dough, has
been linked to exacerbating conditions like diabetes and obesity. For a US-based company,
b) How will you use hemispheric laterization to influence consumers to buy a particular
brand of a lifestyle home theatre system like Bose.
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Hemispheric lateralization, a fascinating aspect of the human brain, refers to the division of
functions between the brain’s left and right hemispheres. While the left hemisphere is often
associated with logical, analytical, and sequential tasks, the right hemisphere is linked with
creativity, intuition, and emotional processing. In the realm of consumer behavior and
Corporate Finance
December 2023 Examination
Q1. XYZ Ltd. is considering to acquire an additional computer to supplement its time
share computer services. It has options
A .To purchase the computer for Rs.45,00,000
B. To lease the computer for 3 years from a leasing company for Rs.10,00,000 as annual
lease rent plus 15% of gross time share revenue.
Lease rents are payable at the year end and the computer revers to the lessor at the end
of three years.
The company estimates that the computer under review will be worth Rs.15 lakhs at the
end of the 3rd year. Forecast revenues are
Year 1 Rs.47,50,000
Year 2 Rs.55,00,000
Year 3 Rs.50,00,000
Under both the options, annual operating costs (excluding depreciation) are estimated
at Rs.18 lakhs with an additional Rs.2 lakhs for start up and training costs at the
beginning of the first year.
These costs are borne by the lessee under both the options. The company will borrow @
14% interest to finance the acquisition of the computer. Repayments are to be made
according to the following schedule
Year end
Principal (Rs.)
Interest (Rs.)
Total (Rs.)
1
15,00,000
6,30,000
21,30,000
2
15,00,000
4,20,000
19,20,000
3
15,00,000
2,10,000
17,10,000
The company depreciates its assets on straight line method and tax rate applicable to
the company is 25%
Decide on the better option (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
A cash market is one in which the securities or commodities purchased are paid for and
received at the point of sale. For instance, an inventory alternate is a cash market because
buyers and traders get hold of shares immediately in trade for cash.
Spot markets are also called cash markets due to the fact their transactions are settled ” at the
coins, which means on the spot.” this can be contrasted with derivatives markets, including
futures markets, wherein purchasers pay for the right to receive a product, such as a barrel of
oil, at a specific date.
The coins market needs to be outstanding from the cash market, which includes buying and
selling in
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Q2. Following is the condensed income statement of a company for the year 2022-2023
Rs. lakhs
Sales revenue
750
Less
Operating costs
400
Interest
40
Earnings before tax
360
Less Tax @30%
108
Earnings after tax
252
The company’s existing capital consists of Rs.200 lakh equity funds having 14% cost
and Rs.400 lakhs 10% debt.
Determine the economic value added in 2022-2023 (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The economic profit (EVA) monetary fee delivered is a measure based totally on the (RIT)
Residual income method that shows venture profitability. Its underlying premise is that
profitability occurs while extra wealth is EARNED for shareholders and that projects should
GENERATE returns above their capital fee.
Computing (NOPAT) Net Operating Profits after Tax
One essential attention for this product is the adjustment of the interest value. The value of
interest is involved in the finance charge (WACC*capital) that is subtracted from (net
operating earnings after tax) NOPAT inside the EVA calculation and may be attained in two
Q3. (a) Paramount Cement Company has given you the following information for the
year 2022-2023.
Amt. (Rs. Lakhs)
Amt.
(Rs.
Lakhs)
Assets
Liabilities
Equity Share Capital (including
400
Fixed Assets
250
Reserves)
Debentures
200
Inventories
100
Accounts
Accounts Payable
60
150
Receivables
Cash and Bank
50
660
550
Sales for the year 2022-2023 was Rs.800 lakhs
Sales for the year 2023-2024 is expected to be Rs.1200 lakhs.
Determine the working capital requirement for the year 2023-2024 using % of Sales
method (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Working capital, also called internet operating capital, is the difference between an
organization’s modern liabilities, which includes money owed payable and debts, and a
company’s current assets—such as coins, customers unpaid bills/accounts receivable, and
inventories of finished goods and raw material. It’s a usually used measurement to gauge the
fast-time period fitness of
Q3 (b)The outgoings of Gemini Ltd. are estimated to be Rs. 12,00,000 per annum,
spread evenly throughout the year. The company has sufficient funds held as deposits in
a bank on which it earns interest @10% p.a. Calculate the optimum amount to be
withdrawn each time, from this deposit account for meeting its cash requirement
according to Baumol Model. The cost per conversion is Rs.300. (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The sales maximization version is an alternative model for income maximization. This
version was advanced by using Prof. Boumol, an American economist. This alternative goal
has assumed more importance in the context of the growth of Oligopolistic companies.
Baumol’s income revenue maximization version states that the number one goal of a
corporation is to maximize its income rather than earnings maximization. It says the company
Corporate Finance
December 2023 Examination
1) Calculate the WACC for M/s Antara Limited with the following information:(10
marks)
Capital Structure
BV
Share Capital
50,00,000
Retained Earnings
2,50,000
Debentures
15,00,000
Bank Loan
2,00,000
Share price of M/s Antara Limited at the beginning of the year was Rs. 50 and end of
the year was Rs. 55 per share. Dividend declared was Rs. 5. Beta of the Company was
pegged at 0.6. M/s Antara had floated its Debentures at 8% fixed interest for 5 years.
The bank had extended a loan on floating rate basis. Interest paid during the year
was Rs. 10000. Government securities are earning a return of 4% currently.
Ans 1.
Introduction
The (WACC) weighted average cost of capital can be defined as the average rate of Return
an organization is expected to pay to all its stockholders, including debt holders, equity
shareholders, and preferred equity shareholders. WACC Formula = [Cost of Equity * % of
Equity] + [Cost of Debt * % of Debt * (1-Tax Rate)]
WACC is beneficial if we can deal with the above limitations. It is exhaustively used to find
the DCF valuation of the company. However, WACC is complex and needs a financial
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2. Calculate the Gross and the Net Operating Cycle for Vishal & Co. Ltd.
using thefollowing information. (Assume 360 days in a year). (10 marks)
Amt. in Rs.
Opening Balances
Raw Material
200,000
WIP
60,000
Finished Goods
600,000
Debtors
250,000
Creditors
550,000
Closing Balances
Raw Material
300,000
WIP
65,000
Finished Goods
725,000
Debtors
215,000
Creditors
575,000
Annual Purchase of Raw Material
3,200,000
Manufacturing Expenses
550,000
Selling & Distribution Costs
300,000
Sales
4,480,000
Ans 2.
Introduction
An operating cycle can be defined as the time it takes a company to buy goods, sell them, and
receive cash from the sale of said merchandise. In different phrases, it’s how long an
enterprise turns its inventories into difficult cash.
The length of a running cycle is linked to the sector or enterprise. Information on a company’s
operating cycle can assist in deciding its financial health by giving it a concept of whether or
not it’ll be capable of repaying any liabilities.
For instance, a business with a quick operating cycle will get hold of charge at a regular rate.
3) a) What should be the amount to be invested:
i) To receive Rs. 2,00,000 per annum in perpetuity at an interest rate of 8%.
ii) In addition to conditions of point (i) above, if a growth rate of 3% is expected
everyyear.
To receive Rs. 4,00,000 per annum in perpetuity at an interest rate of 5%. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
An investment is an item gathered to generate reputation or income. In an economic outlook,
an investment can be defined as acquiring products not eaten up nowadays but used in the
future to generate wealth. Funding is a financial asset sold with the idea that the acquisition
will offer further income or will later be sold at a better price for a
3b) Calculate the current ratio and Acid Test Ratio with the following information (5
marks)
Debtors
500,000
Cash and Bank
200,000
Inventory
400,000
Trade Payables
150,000
Bank OD
50,000
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The current ratio, also known as the WCR, measures the capability of a company to fulfill its
quick-term duties, which can be due within 12 months. The ratio considers the weight of total
cutting-edge assets versus total current liabilities. It suggests a company’s financial health and
how it can maximize the liquidity of its modern property to settle debt and payables. The
present ratio formulation (beneath) can easily degree a company’s
Corporate Finance – II
December 2023 Examination
1) The TDSL firm has 5 lakh shares in outstanding/circulation. The company is now
selling at Rs. 200 per share, with an EPS of 12 and a P/E multiple of 16.67.
Show the effects of a 10% stock bonus on TDSL EPS, stock price, PE Ratio, and total
number of shares outstanding, as well as the effects of a stock dividend on total cost,
cost per share, and total number of shares held for an investor who owns 1000 shares of
TDSL at a cost of 120 each. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Bonus stocks are additional shares issued to contemporary shareholders based on how many
stocks they own at no more incredible value. The general public needs clarification on bonus
troubles with stock splits. That is because, just like stock splits, in a bonus issue, the company
stocks increase. But, in an advantage issue, additional shares are offered to existing
shareholders at zero cost in percentage to the claims they own in the company. In contrast, in
the inventory split, the face price of the share is reduced.
So, bonus stocks increase the company’s share capital, whereas, in a stock split, the share
capital remains the same, but in each instance, the range of shares rises, and the share charge
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2) HDFC stock was trading at Rs. 700 per share at the end of 2023, while analysts
expected its intrinsic value to be Rs. 850. HDFC’s needed return on equity was
projected to be 7% per year.
Estimate the expected one-year return on the stock if the market price is expected to
converge to intrinsic value in one year and the expected two-year return on the stock if
the market price is expected to converge to intrinsic value in two years. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Intrinsic value can be defined as a philosophical concept wherein the value of an item or
Endeavour is derived in and of itself—or, in non-specialist’s phrases, independently of other
factors. Financial analysts build models to determine what they consider to be the intrinsic
value of an organization’s inventory of doors of what its perceived (MP) market price can be
on any specific day.
The discrepancy between an analyst’s envisioned intrinsic cost and the market price will
become a degree of investing chance. Those who recollect such a model’s reasonably good
intrinsic value estimations and who might invest based on the ones estimations cost investors.
3) a) DETERMINE the cost of equity capital for TECH Mahindra Ltd., which has a
risk-free rate of return of 15%. The beta of the firm is 1.60, and the return on the
market portfolio is 22%. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The equity fee is the return an organization wishes to decide if funding aligns with capital goback
desires.
Businesses
use
it
as
a
capital
budgeting
threshold
(CPT)
for
the
needed
return

rate.

A company’s cost of equity depicts the compensation that the market needs (MD) in
exchange for owning the capita asset and bearing the ownership uncertainty. The cost of
b) DIVIS LAB’s current ratio is 5:1, while accounting bodies’ standard current ratio is
2:1? Do you believe DIVIS LAB should aim to reduce its present ratio? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Usually, it is a financial metric that enables stockholders and buyers to assess a company’s
capability to pay off its current liabilities with its present property. In other words, it offers a
good idea of a company’s existing assets against its disadvantages.
The said ratio is also known as the (WCR) working capital ratio. It’s one of the few liquid
ratios that can gauge a company’s capability to use cash equivalents and cash to satisfy
Corporate & Information Technology Law
December 2023 Examination
1) Dividend once declared becomes debt due from the company. Discuss the
consequence of not paying dividend declared. Also discuss in what circumstances, such
consequences can be avoided. (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Company law is a complex and multifaceted field that governs the sports, rights, and
responsibilities of companies, their shareholders, and their control. One vital component of
corporate law is the assertion and payment of dividends. Dividends constitute a return on
investment for shareholders and are regularly seen as a reward for their ownership stake in a
company. But what desires to be extra understood is that once a dividend is said, it becomes a
debt due from the company to its shareholders.
This concept of dividends as debts has significant implications for agencies and their
shareholders. In this essay, we will explore the nature of dividends as money owed, the
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2) Beneficial ownership of a share can be transferred by registered owner to a beneficial
owner. Discuss the forms to be signed by such parties & also form to be filed by the
company with Ministry of Corporate Affairs. (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In company and information technology law, functional ownership switch holds substantial
significance. Active ownership refers to the interest held via an individual or entity, often
indirectly, in a company’s shares. This assignment explores the vital components of
transferring beneficial possession, focusing on the paperwork required and the necessary
filings with the Ministry of Company Affairs. Information on the criminal mechanisms and
regulations governing this manner is vital for ensuring transparency and compliance within
3) Imagine your company’s Articles of Association provides that all contracts of the
company shall be signed by the Managing Director. An employee signed a contract
purporting to represent the company – with a customer, siphoned the advance amount
and is now absconding.
a) Discuss whether the company is liable to compensate the customer? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In corporate and information technology law, the proper execution and authorization of
contracts play a pivotal role in defining the criminal relationships and duties binding a
company and its stakeholders. The Articles of Association, a fundamental legal file, delineate
the rules governing a company’s inner affairs and functioning. This essay explores a scenario
in which an employee, in contravention of the Articles of Association, purportedly signed a
b) If the Articles, instead provided that – all contracts can be signed by any employee if
board authorizes such employee – will the company be liable to compensate the
customer? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In the dynamic and evolving corporate regulation landscape, Articles of Association play a
crucial role in figuring out the authority and obligations of key personnel within a company.
This essay delves into a hypothetical scenario wherein a company’s Articles of Affiliation
stipulate that all contracts must be signed solely by the coping Director. But, we remember
the consequences of an alternative provision, which allows employees to signal contracts
Cost & Management Accounting
December 2023 Examination
Q1. The following details have been extracted from Sam Ltd.’s books of accounts for the
year ending March 31, 2023. The manager of the company is shared and divides his
time between the factory and the office in the ratio of 20:80. You are required to
compute: (a) prime cost, (b) factory overhead, (c) factory cost, (d) over head and (e) cost
of sale. (10 Marks)
Stock of Materials: Opening
2,82,000.00
Stock of Materials: Closing
3,00,000.00
Materials Purchased during the year
12,48,000.00
Direct Wages
3,57,600.00
Indirect Wages
24,000.00
Salaries for Administrative Staff
60,000.00
Freights: Inwards
48,000.00
Freights: Outwards
30,000.00
Cash Discount Allowed
21,000.00
Bad Debts W/Off
28,200.00
Repairs to Plant and Machinery
63,600.00
Rent, Rates and Taxes of Factory
18,000.00
Rent, Rates and Taxes of Office
9,600.00
Travelling Expenses
18,600.00
Salesmen’s salaries and commission
50,400.00
Depreciation W/Off: Plant and Machinery
42,600.00
Depreciation W/Off: Furniture
3,600.00
Director’s fees
36,000.00
Electricity Charges: Factory
72,000.00
Fuel Charges: Boiler
96,000.00
General Charges
37,200.00
Manager’s Salary
72,000.00
Ans 1.
Introduction
Cost and Management Accounting is a specialized branch of accounting that aims to capture
a company’s total production costs by assessing the variable costs of each step of production
as well as fixed costs, such as depreciation of capital equipment. By understanding these costs
in detail, organizations can derive meaningful insights into operational efficiency and
profitability. In the given scenario, we delve into the financial details of Sam Ltd. for the
fiscal year ending March 31, 2023. The objective is to compute various cost components,
including prime cost, factory overhead, factory cost, overhead, and cost of sale. These
computations are essential for the company to ascertain its production efficiency, cost
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Q2. You are required to compute the labor turnover using different methods of labor
turnover measurement from the following information provided for Manas Ltd. for the
month of December 2022.
Total workers in the beginning of the month were 3800, whereas at the end of the month
were 4200. During the month, 50 workers left the firm on account of their own problems
while 80 workers were discharged. 560 workers were engaged during the month in
various departments. But out of them, only 60 were appointed. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Labor turnover, often simply referred to as turnover, is a crucial metric for businesses,
especially those in industries where human capital is a significant asset. It measures the rate at
which employees leave an organization and are replaced by new hires. A high turnover rate
can be indicative of problems within the company, such as dissatisfaction among employees
or issues with the company’s management practices. Conversely, a low turnover rate can
suggest that employees are content and see long-term potential in their roles. However, it’s
essential to note that turnover can be both voluntary (e.g., an employee resigning) and
Q3. A product sells at Rs. 3 per unit. The company uses a first-in-out actual costing
system. A new fixed manufacturing overhead allocation rate is computed each year by
dividing the actual fixed manufacturing overhead cost by the actual production. The
following data is available for the first two years:
Year 1
Year 2
Sales (Units)
1500
1800
Production (Units)
2100
1500
Cost:
(Rs.)
(Rs.)
Variable Manufacturing
1050
750
Fixed Manufacturing
1050
1050
Variable Marketing and Administration
1500
1800
Fixed Marketing and Administration
600
600
Prepare Income Statement for each year based on:
a. Absorption Costing (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Costing systems are essential for businesses to determine the cost of their products and
subsequently, their profitability. Absorption costing, also known as full costing, is a method
where all manufacturing costs, both variable and fixed, are attributed to the product. This
approach contrasts with variable costing, where only variable costs are included in product
b. Variable Costing (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Variable costing, also known as direct costing or marginal costing, is a method in which only
variable costs are included in the product costs. Fixed manufacturing overheads are treated as
period costs and are expensed in the period they are incurred, rather than being spread over
the units produced. This approach provides a clear distinction between the costs that vary
Cost & Management Accounting
December 2023 Examination
Q1. The following details have been extracted from Sam Ltd.’s books of accounts for
the year ending March 31, 2023. The manager of the company is shared and divides his
time between the factory and the office in the ratio of 20:80. You are required to
compute: (a) prime cost, (b) factory overhead, (c) factory cost, (d) over head and (e) cost
of sale.
(10 Marks)
Stock of Materials: Opening
2,82,000.00
Stock of Materials: Closing
3,00,000.00
Materials Purchased during the year
12,48,000.00
Direct Wages
3,57,600.00
Indirect Wages
24,000.00
Salaries for Administrative Staff
60,000.00
Freights: Inwards
48,000.00
Freights: Outwards
30,000.00
Cash Discount Allowed
21,000.00
Bad Debts W/Off
28,200.00
Repairs to Plant and Machinery
63,600.00
Rent, Rates and Taxes of Factory
18,000.00
Rent, Rates and Taxes of Office
9,600.00
Travelling Expenses
18,600.00
Salesmen’s salaries and commission
50,400.00
Depreciation W/Off: Plant and Machinery
42,600.00
Depreciation W/Off: Furniture
3,600.00
Director’s fees
36,000.00
Electricity Charges: Factory
72,000.00
Fuel Charges: Boiler
96,000.00
General Charges
37,200.00
Manager’s Salary
72,000.00
Ans 1.
Introduction
Prime costs are a company’s charges directly related to the materials and labour used in
production. It consists of a manufactured product’s costs, computed to ensure the best profit
margin for an organization. The prime cost calculates the direct price of raw materials and
labour involved in producing a good. Direct charges do not include indirect charges,
including advertising and administrative expenses.
Formula of prime cost
Prime cost=Direct raw materials + Direct labor
•
locate the direct raw materials cost total on the company’s balance sheet.
•
locate the direct labour cost parent on the company’s balance sheet.
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Q2. You are required to compute the labor turnover using different methods of labor
turnover measurement from the following information provided for Manas Ltd. for the
month of December 2022.
Total workers in the beginning of the month were 3800, whereas at the end of the month
were 4200. During the month, 50 workers left the firm on account of their own
problems while 80 workers were discharged. 560 workers were engaged during the
month in various departments. But out of them, only 60 were appointed. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Employees can cease affiliation with a corporation for several reasons, including professional
growth or activity dissatisfaction. It is ordinary to expect employees to depart after a period.
However, excessive frequency can be challenging for companies looking to grow.
Understanding the reasons for worker turnover and its dangerous outcomes may help manage
the state of affairs and preserve precious employees.
Labour turnover, additionally referred to as worker or staffing turnover, is the frequency with
which the employees of an organization depart from their jobs. It may be due to attrition,
Q3. A product sells at Rs. 3 per unit. The company uses a first-in-out actual costing
system. A new fixed manufacturing overhead allocation rate is computed each year by
dividing the actual fixed manufacturing overhead cost by the actual production. The
following data is available for the first two years:
Year 1
Year 2
Sales (Units)
1500
1800
Production (Units)
2100
1500
Cost:
(Rs.)
(Rs.)
Variable Manufacturing
1050
750
Fixed Manufacturing
1050
1050
Variable Marketing and Administration
1500
1800
Fixed Marketing and Administration
600
600
Prepare Income Statement for each year based on:
a. Absorption Costing (5 Marks)
b. Variable Costing (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Absorption costing, typically called “complete costing,” is a managerial accounting technique
for capturing all charges and charges associated with producing a specific product. All direct
and oblique prices, inclusive of natural materials, direct labour, rent, and insurance, are
accounted for while using
b. Variable Costing
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Variable costs are the prices that vary simultaneously to the volume of services or goods
produced or consumed.
In simpler terms, they alternate as the production or intake extent changes. For instance, in
wealth management, if you decide to buy more shares, the brokerage costs (a variable cost)
you pay likely increase proportionally.
Concepts and applications
Let’s prepare an income statement using variable costing:
Income statement
Year 1
Particulars
₹
₹
Sales revenue
4500
Less Cost
of goods
1050
sold(variable)
Fixed
1050
2100
Gross profit
2400
Variable marketing and
administration
1500
1500
Customer Relationship Management
December 2023 Examination
1. to a newly opened super market chain that has national reach, explain why is it
important to maintain database and what are the benefits thereof?
Ans :
Introduction
The contemporary retail industry is an ever-evolving landscape shaped by technological
advancements and dynamic patron preferences. For a newly mounted grocery store chain
with burgeoning national attains, achievement hinges on more than just providing diverse
products at aggressive charges. The cornerstone of triumph in this domain lies in the
powerful series, organization, and data utilization. In this era of records, records are
undeniably a fantastic asset that fuels clever decision-making and strategic planning.
Establishing a robust database control system isn’t simply an operational necessity; it’s far the
lifeblood that fuels the entire functional machinery of a supermarket chain. The art of
retailing has transformed into a technology heavily reliant on the insights and styles
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2. You are the Head of CRM division of a leading salon and spa chain; explain the CRM
marketing initiatives that you can undertake with respect to cross selling and upselling.
Ans :
Introduction:
Maintaining stable client relationships is vital for aggressive salon and spa industry
achievement. Client courting control (CRM) is a crucial tool in achieving this, which entails
information on clients’ desires, preferences, and behaviors to supply personalized experiences
and optimize sales streams.
At the heart of CRM lies the strategy of go-selling and upselling, essential practices that force
enterprise increase and profitability. Move-selling involves recommending complementary
products or services to decorate the customer’s preliminary purchase. At the same time,
3. ‘Say it with flowers’ is in the business of delivering flowers across the globe. The
company operates its business primarily online and has been enjoying high sales
revenues for the past few years. However, this current year’s sales report showed a
shocking drop in sales revenue.
Upon consultation with the marketing manager and the CIO, it has been found
customer attrition is the major cause of this drop in sales. As the CRM manager you
have been given the task to help the concerned departments to address this issue and
prevent further attrition. As a first step, you have suggested that customer retention
needs to improve in the company. You need to give a detailed roadmap to the company
with the following aspects in mind.
a. List out the important determinants of customer retention and how could it affect
sales revenue.
Ans :
Introduction
In the creation, you’ll set the level for the Roadmap, highlighting the significance of customer
retention and its effect on enterprise revenue. Key points to cover consist of:
1. Definition and Importance of Customer Retention: define client retention and its
relevance to the business. Emphasize that maintaining existing customers is more cost-
b. What are the strategies to increase customer retention that could help in improving
company’s current state?
Ans :
Introduction
Consumer retention is essential to any hit business, especially in a fierce web market with
high client expectations. For ‘Say it with flowers,’ the current dip in income revenue
highlights a pressing issue: customer attrition. Client attrition influences recent sales and
might have a cascading effect on Destiny sales and brand popularity.
To address this task effectively, it is essential to understand the fundamental significance of
Customer Relationship Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Raghav has started his business and is doing it successfully for quite some time.
However, the business has been undergoing a tough competition in the last couple of
years and he is planning to start CRM practices for his organization. As a consultant
what would you advise him regarding the advantages, disadvantages of CRM. What will
you advise him on the prospects of CRM? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The business landscape is constantly evolving, and staying ahead in the market often requires
a proactive approach. For businesses like Raghav’s that have witnessed success but are now
facing intensified competition, strategic shifts can make a significant difference. Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) is one such pivotal strategy that many organizations have
integrated into their operations. CRM is not just a software solution; it’s an intricate approach
to understanding, managing, and nurturing relationships with customers. In the current
business environment, where customer loyalty is paramount, the potential benefits of
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Q2. Your company manufactures LED bulbs for sales both in B2B and B2C markets.
However, to build relationships you feel there is a strong need to partner with major
customers. Your consultant friend has explained to you about the concept of
reciprocation. How would you use the concept of reciprocation to build a strong
relationship with your customers? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In today’s ever-competitive market landscape, the success of a business does not merely hinge
on the product’s quality or the company’s marketing strategies but increasingly on the depth
and quality of its relationships with key stakeholders, especially its customers. For a company
that manufactures LED bulbs catering to both B2B and B2C segments, this relational aspect
is crucial. Traditionally, businesses relied on financial incentives or discounts to foster
loyalty. However, such approaches are often short-lived and can be easily replicated by
competitors. To cultivate a sustainable and meaningful relationship with customers, it’s
Q3. As a Chief Technological Officer, you are about to implement, a CRM solution in
your organisation? How will you:
a. Build a strong database of your customers? Modify and update it as necessary? What
will be your sources of data? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In an age where data drives decision-making, establishing a robust and accurate Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) system is paramount for any organization. As the Chief
Technological Officer, overseeing the implementation of a CRM solution necessitates not just
technological foresight but also a deep understanding of the data that fuels it. Central to this
b. How will you build a CRM roadmap for your technological implementation? (5
marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is an indispensable tool for modern businesses,
offering a unified platform to streamline customer interactions, sales, marketing, and service.
As a Chief Technological Officer, implementing a CRM solution is not merely about
introducing a new software but reshaping the very dynamics of customer engagement and
internal processes. A well-charted CRM roadmap is thus vital to ensure smooth
Custom Shipping and Insurance
December 2023 Examination
Q1. You are appearing for a written test as a part of the selection process for the post of
Export Import Manager in an international organization. You need to answer the following
question based on the Customs Act 1962:
Question: List 5 points under the title “Confiscation of improperly imported goods” (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The Customs Act of 1962 stands as a seminal piece of legislation in India, governing all matters
related to customs and providing a framework for regulating imports, exports, and duties.
Established with the dual purpose of facilitating legitimate trade and curbing illegal imports and
exports, the Act plays a pivotal role in India’s international trade regime. A fundamental tenet of
the Act is the authority vested in it to address the issue of improperly imported goods. Such
authority ensures that imported goods meet the prescribed standards, criteria, and legalities of the
country, thereby protecting the interests of domestic industries, ensuring the safety of consumers,
and preserving the economic interests of the nation. The provision concerning the “Confiscation
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Q2. You are heading EXIM dept in an organization. In one of the Management meeting
Finance Director requests you to explain the various types of bills of entry for his academic
interest. Give a write up on all bills of entry that are in use. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the realm of international trade, the documentation is the vital thread that stitches together all
stakeholders, from regulators to businesses. Among these, the “Bill of Entry” stands as a pivotal
document, acting as a declaration regarding the goods imported into a country. Presented at the
customs clearance, this document becomes the foundational basis on which the customs duty is
calculated and subsequently levied. Moreover, its different types cater to diverse scenarios,
ensuring the smooth operation of EXIM activities. Understanding these variants becomes crucial
not only for the effective management of import procedures but also to ensure compliance and
fiscal discipline. To provide an in-depth understanding, this discussion will delve into the various
Q3. You are attending a webinar on Customs clearance of export goods. The webinar
conductor asks you the following questions
a) What is shipping bill and where it is used? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The realm of international trade is guided by a suite of documents that ensure the smooth and
compliant movement of goods across borders. Among these, the “Shipping Bill” stands out as a
cornerstone document for exports. As we delve into the nuances of customs clearance of export
goods, understanding the role, significance, and application of the shipping bill becomes
b) How many types of shipping bills are in use and explain them (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Shipping bills, pivotal in the export ecosystem, aren’t just monolithic documents. There are
different types, each designed for a particular category of exports or circumstances. Their variety
ensures that the specifics of an export consignment align with the regulatory and fiscal
expectations of the customs department. To understand the anatomy of the export process fully,
Decision Science
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Draw the decision tree diagram and explain the best possible decision based on
EMVs
(expected Monetary Values) On the 1st April 2023, Rajinder Saproo, an investor is in a
dilemma for the investment of 10 lakh INR. He has consulted his Mumbai based friend,
MukulBhai Gadhecha, an investment expert for this matter. Mr Saproo went to meet
him at his office located at Prabhadevi. Mukulbhai asked him to express his feeling for
the market situation in coming economic year.
Mr Saproo assumed the economic growth for the coming year in the following way.
10 % optimist for the ‘Good Economic Growth’
50 % optimist for the ‘Moderate Economic Growth’
40 % optimist for the ‘Lower Economic Growth’.
In addition to this, MuKulbhai Gadhecha carried out his analysis to derive possible
payoff values considering the various investment options as per the economic situations
(presented in the table given below). Figures are in INR on the investment of whole
amount of 10 lakhs.
Options
Good Economic
Moderate Economic
Lower Economic
Growth
Growth
Mauti Suzuki Shares 3,00,000
Growth’
1,20,000
50,000
TATA Motor Shares 4,00,000
1,00,000
10,000
D Mart shares
4,50,000
2,30,000
30,000
If you were in place of Mukulbhai Gadhecha, What do you recommend to Mr. Saproo?
Note: You are not allowed to use any software for the calculation. But for the
preparation of
Decision tree diagram you are advised to use Software like MS -Word, PowerPoint etc.
(10 Marks)
Solution Q. 1
Title: Investment Recommendation for Mr. Saproo Using Expected Monetary Values
(EMVs)
Introduction:
Mr. Rajinder Saproo, an investor with 10 lakh INR, sought the know-how of
MukulbhaiGadhecha, an investment expert based in Mumbai. Mukulbhai became tasked with
advising Mr. Saproo on the optimal investment choice given sure economic growth scenarios.
Mr. Saproo’s notion of the financial landscape for the upcoming year became divided into
three procedures: 10% optimistic about ‘true economic growth,’ 50% confident about
‘moderate economic increase,’ and 40% happy about ‘lower financial increase.’ Mukulbhai
Gadhecha comprehensively analyzed potential payoffs for diverse investment alternatives
underneath these situations. The investment alternatives under attention had been Maruti
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Q2. Draw the appropriate chart using MS EXCEL, also carryout Exponential
Smoothing model in MS EXCEL for the given Alpha values, copy the results (from
EXCEL to Word) and explain which alpha is relatively better for the forecast. In this
journey of identification of relatively better way of forecasting you may take the
support of MAD and MSE type of errors. Suggested Alpha values are 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7,
0.9. (10 Marks)
Yield of
Groundnut
(Kg./hectare)
2000-01
977
2001-02
1127
2002-03
694
2003-04
1357
2004-05
1020
2005-06
2006-07
1187
2007-08
866
2008-09
1459
2009-10
1163
2010-11
991
2011-12
2012-13
1411
2013-14
1323
2014-15
995
2015-16
2016-17
1764
1552
1465
1398
1893
1422
2063
1703
1758
Data Source: RBI
SOLUTION
The Quest for the Optimal Alpha:
Inside the realm of forecasting, we embark on a quest to unveil the alpha value that holds the
key to superior predictive powers. Our journey takes us through the dense forest of mean
Absolute Deviation (MAD) and the treacherous terrain of suggest-squared mistakes (MSE).
These metrics will be our guiding stars in this odyssey.
The Contestants:
Our noble contestants are alpha values—0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. each Alpha seeks to prove
its worth in the forecasting world, but only one shall emerge victorious.
Q3. A) You are not advised to use Software in this case, show the calculation-steps typed
in your MS-word file.
In Roshni lights ( manufacturer of Mirchi lights) A production run of 2000 set of Mirchi
lights being tested for the life, the data shows that life is normally distributed with an
average life span of 90 days and a standard deviation of 10 days. What is the probability
if a set of Mirchi lights randomly selected from that lot, survived up to 100 days? (5
Marks)
SOLUTION 3-A
To ascertain the chance of a randomly selected set of Mirchi lights from the production lot
surviving for 100 days, we delve into the world of records and regular distribution. With a
median life span (mean) of 90 days and a standard deviation of 10 days, we embark on a
journey to calculate this probability of the usage of the fascinating world of Z-scores and the
Q3 B) Draw an appropriate chart to show the contribution of each category (in percent
form) of Micro, small and medium Enterprises (MSMEs) at the state level. (You may
use the MS EXCEL). In conclusion also write, why you have chosen this graph for this
problem? (5 Marks)
StateName
DistrictName
Total
Micro
Small
Medium
MSMEs
UTTARAKHA
ND
ALMORA
1235 1068
150
17
UTTARAKHA
ND
BAGESHWAR
838
807
29
2
UTTARAKHA
ND
CHAMOLI
739
688
49
2
UTTARAKHA
ND
CHAMPAWAT 802
745
55
2
UTTARAKHA
ND
DEHRADUN
12605 10600
1909
96
UTTARAKHA
ND
HARIDWAR
8883 6416
2263
204
UTTARAKHA
ND
NAINITAL
3752 3003
675
74
UTTARAKHA
ND
PAURI
GARHWAL
4955 4678
264
13
UTTARAKHA
ND
PITHORAGARH 1061 962
95
4
UTTARAKHA
ND
RUDRA PRAYAG 740
698
37
5
UTTARAKHA
ND
TEHRI
GARHWAL
1399 1227
162
10
UTTARAKHA
ND
UDHAM
SINGH NAGAR
9746 7767
1839
140
UTTARAKHA
ND
UTTARKASHI 1114 1002
111
1
Data source: OGD
SOLUTION 3-B
Stacked Bar
250
200
150
100
50
0
ALMORA
BAG
E
SHWA
R
CHAMOLI
CHAMP

T
DUN
AWA
HRA
AR
NA
INITA
L

HARIDW
DE
URI GA
RHWAL
PITHORAG
ARH

PRAYAG
R
L
ASHI
RHWA
AGA
N
HRI GA
GH
UTTARK
RUDRA
SIN
PA
TE
M
UDHA
Medium
Reasons for Choosing a Stacked Bar Chart:
Comparative Clarity: The number one objective is to offer a clear, visible assessment of the
contributions made by Micro, Small, and Medium enterprises to the overall range of MSMEs
in each district of Uttarakhand. A stacked bar chart excels on this, presenting those
contributions facet through side within each section. This visible contrast is crucial for
Digital Marketing
December 2023 Examination
Ms. Sophia envisions establishing an innovative app called “Jewels4All” dedicated to
offering a wide range of jewelry pieces. Jewels4All will act as a comprehensive
aggregator platform for jewelry vendors, both established brands and independent
artisans, to showcase and sell their products. The app will also feature a collection of
exquisite jewelry designed and manufactured in-house. The app’s unique selling
proposition (USP) will be providing customers access to high-quality jewelry at
competitive prices, enabled by bulk purchasing and a robust digital marketing strategy.
The company plans to exclusively focus on digital marketing, forgoing traditional media
channels.
1. How will you promote Jewels4All on the online platforms? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the age of digital transformation, the evolution of consumer buying habits has undergone a
significant shift. As people increasingly gravitate towards online platforms for their shopping
needs, businesses too are redefining their marketing strategies to be in sync with this new
digital era. Enter Jewels4All, a pioneering app destined to change the landscape of the
jewelry industry. By offering a multitude of choices from various vendors and its line of
exclusive jewelry pieces, Jewels4All positions itself as a one-stop-shop for jewelry
enthusiasts. The app’s strategy to solely harness the power of digital marketing not only
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2. Assume you plan to launch a campaign to promote the Jewels4All where the main
objective is to create brand awareness for the masses. The campaign will be done at the
national level with a very high budget. Explain the seven stages for setting up a
marketing campaign for the brand Jewels4All.
Ans 2.
Introduction
The digital age has brought about a paradigm shift in how businesses approach their target
audience. With the rise of the internet and mobile technology, traditional marketing channels,
such as television, radio, and print media, have been increasingly overshadowed by their
digital counterparts. In this backdrop, Ms. Sophia’s visionary idea of launching the
“Jewels4All” app stands as a testament to modern entrepreneurial foresight. The app, poised
as a hub for diverse jewelry brands and artisans, aims to bridge the gap between quality and
affordability, providing jewelry aficionados a singular platform to explore and purchase a
3a. Explain the key activities involved in the campaign set up for the Brand Jewels4All.
(5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Launching a brand like Jewels4All in the bustling digital market, especially one that
converges various jewelry vendors, demands a methodical approach. To create a ripple in the
vast ocean of digital brands, the campaign must be both innovative and strategic. As
Jewels4All gears up for its big debut, the initial stages of campaign setup become the linchpin
3b. What are the key activities involved in monitoring the campaign for Jewels4All? (5
Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Digital marketing, while immensely powerful, requires rigorous scrutiny to ensure its
effectiveness. As the Jewels4All campaign takes flight, monitoring its progress becomes vital.
It’s not just about tracking numbers, but discerning the narrative these numbers tell about the
brand’s reception, user engagement, and overall campaign efficacy. With myriad tools and
Digital Payments
December 2023 Examination
1) Outline the steps involved in implementing digital wallets, and then evaluate
the opportunities they provide to both businesses and customers. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Digital wallets, often referred to as e-wallets or mobile wallets, represent the next wave in the
evolution of monetary transactions. Serving as an electronic version of a physical wallet, they
provide a centralized platform to store payment information, such as credit/debit cards and
bank account details, making transactions simpler and swifter. As technology continuously
drives the world towards a cashless society, digital wallets have emerged as the forerunners
of this transformative move. They act as the confluence of technology and commerce,
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2) Explain how blockchain technology is utilized in digital payments and evaluate its
potential impact on the future of the financial industry. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the digital realm, the way money moves, changes hands, and is accounted for has seen
revolutionary advancements, primarily due to the advent of blockchain technology.
Originating as the underpinning technology for cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, blockchain has
evolved to become a foundational tool in various financial applications, particularly in digital
payments. Essentially a decentralized, immutable ledger system, blockchain promises
increased transparency, security, and efficiency – traits that are highly coveted in the financial
world. As the digital payment landscape has transformed from traditional card-based
transactions to instantaneous, cross-border digital exchanges, blockchain is heralded as the
3) You are a business consultant working with a small retail store that specializes in
handmade crafts. The store primarily operates with cash transactions and has a limited
customer base. The store owner is interested in exploring digital payment options to
improve customer convenience and expand their business. As a consultant, you need to
recommend and analyze the implementation of digital payment solutions.
a) Suggest and justify two suitable digital payment options that the small retail store can
implement to enhance customer convenience. Consider factors such as ease of use,
security, and cost-effectiveness in your recommendations. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In today’s fast-paced digital age, consumers increasingly seek convenience and efficiency in
their purchasing experiences. For small businesses, such as a retail store specializing in
handmade crafts, adapting to these changes isn’t just about modernization; it’s about capturing
a larger audience and offering heightened convenience. Implementing digital payment
b) Analyze the potential impact of adopting digital payments on the small retail store’s
business growth and customer acquisition. Discuss how digital payments can help reach
a broader customer base and improve overall sales. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The digital wave has transformed consumers’ buying behaviors and expectations, turning
digital payments from a mere luxury to an essential component of retail. For a small retail
store, adapting to this trend isn’t merely about convenience—it’s an imperative for growth and
competitiveness. Delving into the implications of adopting digital payments showcases the
potential this shift holds for the store’s business growth and the acquisition of a more diverse
E-Business
December 2023 Examination
Q.1) Suppose you’ve been hired as a digital marketing consultant for a promising
startup in the online gaming industry. After conducting an initial survey, you
discovered that the company relies on traditional tools and methods for its online
operations. To boost their business productivity, you plan to meet with the management
and present various online marketing strategies and tools commonly employed by
successful e-businesses. What types of online marketing tools and strategies would you
recommend for promoting the company’s operations in India? (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
India, with its diverse populace and rapidly growing internet penetration, offers an enormous
potential for online gaming startups. Yet, tapping into this vast market demands more than
just an innovative product; it requires an effective online marketing strategy. Traditional
tools and methods might have served businesses well in the past, but in this digital age,
especially in a tech-forward sector like online gaming, they might not suffice. The landscape
of digital marketing in India is vibrant and multifaceted, influenced by local culture,
consumer behavior, and technological advancements. As the gaming industry is inherently
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Q.2) As the proprietor of a popular cloud kitchen brand, you are currently exploring
various revenue models to diversify and boost your streams of income. Explain
the different types of revenue models applicable to e-businesses. Additionally, identify
which revenue models are most suitable for the popular cloud kitchen brand.
Address the potential challenges associated with each revenue model and how they may
influence the success of the cloud kitchen. Furthermore, analyze the influence of
technology on these revenue models and discuss how technology can be utilized to
optimize the revenue of the cloud kitchen. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The dynamic world of e-businesses offers a plethora of revenue models designed to cater to
the diverse needs of digital ventures. The rise of cloud kitchens, which leverage the power of
online platforms to sell and distribute food, represents a significant evolution in the
foodservice sector. These ventures have transitioned away from traditional brick-and-mortar
models, giving proprietors the flexibility to explore a variety of revenue generation
mechanisms tailored to the e-business landscape. The choice of an appropriate revenue
model is essential as it not only determines the financial success of the enterprise but also
Q.3) The rapid growth of online shopping for gifts in India has led to the increased
significance of providing a seamless and user-friendly experience to customers. A
critical aspect of this experience lies in the shopping cart capabilities offered by online
gift apps. Provide an overview of the online gift app market in India, highlighting key
trends and growth factors by explaining how the market has evolved over the years to
meet customer demands and preferences.
a) Discuss the significance of shopping cart by identifying at least three different types
of shopping cart capabilities that online gift apps in India can offer. For each capability,
provide a comprehensive explanation and illustrate how it benefits users during the
shopping process. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The online gift app market in India has witnessed a transformative evolution, buoyed by the
country’s vast digital adoption and cultural emphasis on gifting during numerous festivals
and occasions. As consumers progressively turn to online platforms to select the perfect gift,
the user experience offered by these platforms becomes paramount. Central to this
experience is the shopping cart, which, if optimized, can significantly enhance the shopping
b) Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each shopping cart capability
discussed in Part a. Analyze how these features impact customer satisfaction, app
performance, and revenue generation for gift apps by comparing the three shopping
cart capabilities in terms of their effectiveness in meeting customer needs and
enhancing the overall shopping experience. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The e-commerce landscape in India has witnessed a transformative rise, with the online gift
app segment standing out due to its unique demands and offerings. With occasions like
festivals, birthdays, anniversaries, and cultural celebrations being central to Indian ethos, the
convenience of online gifting has found a massive audience. Key to this transition has been
the user experience, with shopping cart capabilities playing a pivotal role. A deeper dive into
Emerging Technologies IoT, augmented Reality, Virtual Reality
December 2023 Examination
1. Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a game-changer in various industries, and
the tourism sector is no exception. By seamlessly blending the real world with digital
enhancements, AR reshapes how travellers experience new destinations and attractions.
Imagine a picturesque coastal town known for its historical landmarks and natural
beauty. The local tourism board has adopted AR technology to enhance visitors’
exploration. Travellers with AR-enabled devices can use dedicated apps to uncover
hidden historical facts, access virtual guides, and even witness historical events overlaid
onto their current surroundings. This immersive experience has garnered significant
interest among tourists seeking a more interactive and informative journey. Discuss how
augmented reality can transform the tourism experience by overlaying digital content
onto real-world environments. How does this technology elevate the engagement level of
travellers, provide informative insights, and offer a unique perspective on historical
landmarks and attractions? When using AR apps, tourists may inadvertently share
their real-time location data, preferences, and interactions with the platform. What
privacy concerns are associated with collecting and potentially sharing this sensitive
information? (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Tourism, an industry built upon the allure of new experiences, has always been a fertile
ground for the integration of technological advancements. With the dawn of augmented
reality (AR), the way we perceive and interact with our surroundings, especially when
travelling, is experiencing a paradigm shift. Augmented Reality, a technology that embeds
digital information such as videos, graphics, and sounds into the real world, offers travellers
an enriched and engaging exploration of their surroundings. In the case of a quaint coastal
town rich in history and scenic beauty, the local tourism board’s adoption of AR opens up
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2. India’s ambitious Smart Cities Mission aims to transform urban landscapes into
technologically advanced and efficient ecosystems by integrating Internet of Things
(IoT) solutions. This initiative envisions creating cities that are more sustainable,
connected, and responsive to citizens’ needs. As part of the Smart Cities Mission, a
metropolitan city in India has embarked on a comprehensive IoT-driven
transformation. Various applications of IoT have been deployed to address urban
challenges and enhance the quality of life for its citizens. Smart traffic management,
waste management, energy efficiency, and public safety solutions are critical aspects of
this IoT-driven urban transformation. Describe any three IoT applications that can be
incorporated into a smart city context. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The rapid urbanization of the 21st century has brought forth a myriad of challenges, from
traffic congestion to energy consumption, waste management, and public safety. To address
these challenges and enhance the quality of urban life, India launched the Smart Cities
Mission, a visionary initiative aimed at transforming urban landscapes into technologically
advanced and efficient ecosystems. Central to this transformation is the integration of the
Internet of Things (IoT) solutions. IoT, with its interconnected devices and systems, offers a
paradigm shift in how cities operate, making them more sustainable, connected, and
3. In technology-driven innovation, virtual reality (VR) has transcended beyond gaming
and entertainment, finding its niche in unexpected sectors, such as the fitness industry.
Virtual reality’s immersive capabilities have revolutionized how people approach
exercise, offering dynamic and engaging experiences that redefine traditional workouts.
The fitness industry has embraced virtual reality to enhance workout routines and
redefine fitness experiences. VR- equipped fitness centres and home setups allow users
to engage in interactive, gamified exercises. These range from intense cardio workouts
to serene yoga sessions, all within the simulated environment of their choice. VR’s
ability to transport users to exotic locations or fantastical landscapes while they burn
calories has garnered immense popularity.
a. With VR headsets capturing user movements and sometimes even biometric data,
what are the privacy concerns associated with collecting, storing, and potentially
sharing this sensitive information? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Virtual Reality (VR) has undeniably transformed the fitness landscape, offering immersive
experiences that elevate routine workouts to exhilarating adventures. However, with
technological advancements come challenges, particularly in the realm of data privacy. As
VR headsets capture not just movements but sometimes even intimate biometric data, the
question arises: How secure is this information? The collection, storage, and potential sharing
b. Discuss the technical hurdles that fitness centres and users might encounter in
adopting VR technology. (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction (100 words)
The integration of Virtual Reality (VR) into the fitness industry promises a transformative
experience, merging the boundaries of physical exertion with digital immersion. However, as
with any nascent technology, the adoption of VR in fitness centers and by individual users is
not without its challenges. From hardware limitations to software intricacies, several
Emerging Trends in Accountancy
December 2023 Examination
1) Columbia Manufacturing Company, a well-established industrial firm specializing in
machinery components, has been a key player in the market for over 15 years. The
company has experienced consistent growth, with its products gaining popularity due to
their quality and reliability. With demand on the rise, the management is considering a
significant expansion by investing in a new state-of-the-art manufacturing facility. The
Company’s current production capacity is nearing its limit, and the company is faced
with the challenge of meeting increasing customer orders without compromising
product quality. The management believes that a new manufacturing facility would not
only address this capacity constraint but also position the company for further growth
in a competitive market.
To make a well-informed decision, the management recognizes the critical role of
accounting information in evaluating the feasibility and potential benefits of this
expansion.
You are required to explain in detail the importance of accounting information within
Columbia Manufacturing Company’s decision-making process regarding the potential
expansion. Identify and analyze the different categories of users who rely on accounting
information for various purposes in the context of this expansion. Additionally, outline
the qualitative attributes that must be inherently present in the accounting information
to ensure its effectiveness and credibility in facilitating prudent decision-making
regarding the proposed expansion.
Ans:
Introduction
Columbia Manufacturing Company, a longtime industrial firm, is contemplating a significant
expansion to satisfy the escalating call for its machinery additives. Expansion is a strategic
choice requiring a thorough evaluation to ensure its feasibility and potential benefits.
Accounting facts play a pivotal role in this decision-making process by providing vital
financial insights and data that manual management in making informed choices. This paper
delves into accounting statistics’ importance in Columbia Manufacturing Company’s
expansion decision. It highlights the diverse classes of users relying on this information and
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2) Warner Financial Services is a reputable financial advisory firm specializing in
investment portfolio management and wealth planning. As part of its commitment to
staying at the forefront of emerging trends, the firm is considering transitioning its
traditional accounting operations to cloud-based solutions. The goal is to leverage cloud
computing’s advantages to enhance efficiency, data security, and collaboration among
its accounting team. The company currently employs a traditional accounting approach
with locally installed software and physical data storage. As the firm’s client base grows
and financial regulations become more complex, there is a need for streamlined
processes and improved data accessibility. The management believes that adopting
cloud-based accounting tools can help meet these challenges and provide a competitive
edge.
In the context of Warner Financial Services’ potential transition to cloud-based
accounting solutions, you are required to discuss the advantages that cloud computing
can bring to the firm’s operations. Additionally, explain the concept of different types of
clouds and the primary cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS). Assess how each
type of cloud and service model could potentially benefit the firm’s accounting needs.
Provide strategic recommendations for Warner Brothers Financial Services based on
your analysis of the advantages and cloud options.
Ans:
Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving virtual landscape, businesses constantly seek innovative
approaches to optimize operations, enhance data security, and foster collaboration. Warner
Financial Services, a distinguished economic advisory company, is considering a transition
from traditional accounting operations to cloud-based solutions. This flow aims to harness the
benefits of cloud computing to improve performance, data security, and group collaboration.
Currently counting on domestically set up software and physical facts storage, the firm
acknowledges the need for streamlined processes and improved records accessibility as its
client base expands and economic rules grow in complexity. This paper will discuss the
3) You are a business consultant specializing in tech-consulting to financial service
providers and you are currently consulting the below two companies in their respective
situations:
Client Company-1: Sony Accounting Services is a reputable firm that offers
comprehensive accounting solutions to a diverse range of clients. With the increasing
digitization of financial processes and the rising concern over data breaches, the
company is taking proactive steps to enhance its information security practices. The
firm recognizes that understanding different types of information security controls is
vital to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive financial
data. The firm is in the process of revamping its information security framework. As
part of its commitment to staying current with emerging trends in accounting, the
company aims to equip its staff with a clear understanding of the various types of
information security controls. This knowledge will enable the company to implement
effective measures to protect client data, bolster trust, and comply with industry
regulations.
Client Company-2: Universal Financial Services is a reputable accounting firm known
for its commitment to accuracy and transparency in financial reporting. With the
increasing complexity of financial transactions and the need for secure and tamperproof
records,
the
firm
is
considering
the
adoption
of
blockchain
technology.
The
firm

recognizes

that embracing innovative technologies can offer strategic advantages. The
firm is particularly interested in harnessing the potential of blockchain to improve
transparency, data integrity, and collaboration in its financial processes. By
understanding the unique benefits of blockchain, the firm aims to modernize its
operations and offer its clients enhanced confidence in their financial reporting.
(a) Within the context of Sony Accounting Services’ commitment to enhancing
information security, explain the three types of information system controls Provide
examples of how each control type could be applied to Sony’s operations.
Ans:
Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, facts security has become essential for
organizations, particularly those handling sensitive financial records. This is especially
pertinent in accounting, where confidentiality, integrity, and availability of financial
information are paramount. Sony Accounting Offerings, a good accounting company, is
proactively addressing this issue through revamping its records security framework.
(b) Within the context of universal financial services’ pursuit of enhanced transparency
and data integrity, explain the benefits of the blockchain era. Provide examples of how
blockchain’s features can help the company.
Ans :
Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving virtual landscape, the financial services zone is undergoing a
change driven by technological advancements. Universal Monetary Offerings, a reputable
accounting firm, recognizes the capacity advantages of adopting blockchain technology to
improve transparency and data integrity in its operations. This paper explores the concept and
application of blockchain generation, highlighting its unique functions and how they may be
Employee Development & Talent Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. ‘The Jaipur Collective’ is a textile manufacturing unit located in the city of Jaipur
with enough infrastructure and a good workforce. The organization is specialized in
block printing particularly, the supplies that are done in Rajasthan only. The
organization is runby the CEO who is commonly known as well educated, experienced,
a businessman witha humane approach. He considered the employees as a competitive
advantage of his organization and want to keep the workforce always motivated and
updated to face the challenges from their competitors. What points should be
considered by the CEO for framing effective motivational strategies? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction:
‘The Jaipur Collective’, located in the vibrant city of Jaipur, stands as an emblem of
traditional craftsmanship, primarily specializing in block printing. While the significance of
the product and infrastructure is undeniable, the heart of this organization pulsates through its
dedicated workforce. The CEO, a stalwart in his field, not only acknowledges the business
nuances but is also well-attuned to the indispensable role of human capital. Recognizing
employees as the pivotal force and the core competitive advantage, he aspires to constantly
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Q2. Cyber Gateway is an IT firm located in Mumbai. Career planning has always been
a pretty low-priority item for the firm. The HR manager believes that just getting
workersto come to work and then keeping them honest is enough of a problem. Over a
period oftime he realized that many of their employees had been with them for years
and it wouldbe good to help them gain a better perspective on what they want to do. He
also believedthat career support would have an effect on improving company’s
employee retention. Outline the career planning process you would propose for the
designers working with the company. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s dynamic corporate environment, the trajectory of an employee’s professional
growth is paramount, not just for personal satisfaction but also for ensuring that organizations
remain relevant and forward-thinking. Cyber Gateway, an IT firm in Mumbai, has a wealth of
experience and stability through its long-term employees, making it crucial for the company
to harness this potential and steer it towards a directed and purposeful career path. With the
HR manager’s realization that nurturing careers is essential and can indeed contribute to
Q3. Infinity Ltd. is an IT based company that provides software packages to its users. It
was doing well until it observed a lack of cooperation among its employees and the
management, which affected its business performance. It was observed that employees
at various levels were either demotivated or were frustrated. The management asked
theHR department to look for a reason behind the rising number of demotivated and
frustrated employees. The HR manager worked with managers from other departments
and found out that a new technology was introduced by the organisation around a year
back to develop software. Most of the employees in the organisation were not aware of
this technology; thus, they were having a hard time using it. This reflected on their
performance which eventually leads to unsatisfied appraisals, thus increasing
frustrationamong employees and no cooperation with the management.
The HR department was asked to suggest a solution for the problem as soon as possible.
The department then came up with an idea of conducting employee development
program that aimed at making employees aware of the new technology so that they can
perform better.
a. Considering the situation given in the case, explain the benefits of conducting
employeedevelopment programs in the company. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the evolving landscape of the IT industry, adapting to new technologies is not just an
option but a necessity. Infinity Ltd., in its pursuit of advancement, integrated new technology,
but the oversight of not adequately educating its workforce led to an unintended consequence:
a dip in morale and performance. Employee development programs, particularly tailored to
technology adoption, emerge as a viable solution in such situations. These programs are
b. Is it essential to evaluate the employee development programme? Justify (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Employee development programs are a strategic investment made by organizations to
enhance their workforce’s skills, knowledge, and productivity. However, like all investments,
it becomes imperative to assess whether the program is delivering the expected returns. The
evaluation of such initiatives is not just a formality but an integral part of ensuring its
Enterprise Resource Planning
December 2023 Examination
Question: Read the case study – ‘AuroVision Consulting (AVC) moves Human
Resources to the Cloud’ and answer the following questions.
https://adhocfilesngasce.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/academics/1693294861EmzSW.pdf
1. Analyze AuroVision Consulting’s problems with its legacy human resources systems.
What was the business impact of these problems? (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction:
AuroVision Consulting Corporation (AVC) is an international management and technology
consulting firm with a robust global footprint. The growth and diversification of their
business model, encompassing both traditional consulting services and turnkey solutions
across various sectors, necessitated an agile and responsive human resource system.
However, AVC’s existing legacy HR systems posed a significant hurdle. Multiple disparate
local HR systems that lacked integration with the main HR system in the U.S. meant that the
company was operating without a holistic view of its workforce. The absence of a unified
2. Was a cloud-based system appropriate for AuroVision Consulting? Justify your
answer by giving suitable explanations. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction:
In today’s business landscape, the shift to cloud-based systems is becoming increasingly
prevalent, particularly for multinational corporations like AuroVision Consulting (AVC).
These systems promise enhanced accessibility, improved scalability, and a reduction in
overheads. However, the appropriateness of such systems is always contingent upon the
specific requirements and challenges a company faces. For AuroVision Consulting, with
operations in 18 countries, diverse talent pools, and a sizable workforce, the decision to
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3. Keeping the above case as a reference,
a. Explain the integration of mobile app with the Oracle HCM ERP (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction:
The digital revolution has made mobile devices a cornerstone of our daily lives. Their
omnipresence and convenience mean that businesses and software providers need to ensure
applications and services are accessible and optimized for mobile interfaces. In the context of
AuroVision Consulting (AVC) and their adoption of Oracle’s HCM Cloud, the integration of
b. Benefits of HCM solution implementation in developing Reporting and Analytics by
AVC’s US- based analytics group? Explain using any one use case for the same. (5
marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Human Capital Management (HCM) solutions have revolutionized the way organizations
manage and optimize their human resources. The story of AuroVision Consulting’s (AVC)
transition to the Oracle HCM Cloud emphasizes not just the operational efficiencies of such
systems but notably, the potential they offer in advanced reporting and analytics. In the
Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. “Clients do not come first. Employees come first. If you take care of your
employees, they will take care of the clients.” Explain. (10 Marks)
Ans ;
Introduction
In the business world, a company’s success is often measured by its profitability and ability to
satisfy its clients. However, a growing perspective indicates that prioritizing employees is
critical to achieving client pride and business success. The assertion “clients do no longer
come first. Personnel come first. if you contend with your employees, they’ll cope with the
clients” embodies this philosophy. This essay delves into the cause behind this concept and
its application within the modern business landscape.
Concept & Application
Understanding the Concept
The concept that employees need to be a company’s primary recognition stems from the
understanding that a corporation is essentially a collective effort of its workforce. Employees
are the driving pressure behind an enterprise. They layout, produce, market, and deliver
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Q2. Kritika is a final year hotel management student, who is very much interested in
starting her own business of bakery. She is thinking of taking a loan and has
approached you for advice. What would you advise her? (10 Marks)
Ans :
Introduction
Kritika, the route you’re considering of venturing into entrepreneurship with a bakery
business is exciting and promising. Starting your bakery may be rewarding, blending your
ardour for baking with the possibility of creating a hit business. But, this route also requires
careful planning, monetary considerations, and strategic decisions to ensure long-term
success and sustainability. One of the essential steps in initiating this kind of project is
securing the right financing and considering a loan a viable choice. This recommendation will
speak to diverse aspects of starting a bakery business and provide insights on obtaining a loan
Q3. Vicky, Charvi and Anjli are going to start a business, which is basically a PR firm
which helps different organizations to create brand image and communicate to public to
attract customers to those organization. Vicky and Charvi is of opinion that they should
form it as a private limited company and Anjli feels it should be LLP.
A) How do Vicky and Charvi justify formation of private limited company? (5 Marks)
Ans :
Introduction:
Vicky, Charvi, and Anjli, aspiring entrepreneurs aiming to establish a public relations (PR)
firm, stand at a crucial crossroads regarding the legal framework of their employer. The two
prominent options they are considering are a personal confined company and a limited
liability Partnership (LLP). This essay delves into the purpose behind Vicky and Charvi’s
inclination toward forming a unique restricted company, highlighting its governance, legal
B) How do Anjli justify formation of LLP? (5 Marks)
Ans ;
Introduction:
Anjli believes that a limited liability Partnership (LLP) is the ideal legal shape for their PR
Company because of its unique benefits, particularly of their business goals and the nature of
the public relations industry.
A constrained liability Partnership combines the benefits of a traditional partnership and the
protection of limited liability for its partners. This structure fosters collaboration and growth
Entrepreneurship Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Mr. Varma is starting his own start-up, which caters to the FMCG industry.
Discuss any 4 tools in detail that will aid in your industry analysis
Ans:
Introduction
Industry evaluation is essential for any startup, especially within the speedy-moving
consumer goods (FMCG) region, which operates in a notably competitive and dynamic
market. Understanding the industry’s dynamics, market trends, competition, and consumer
behavior is crucial for formulating powerful strategies and making informed business
selections.
In this context, employing numerous industry analysis gear is crucial. These gear provide a
structured framework to collect and examine data, enabling startups like Mr. Varma to
comprehend the industry landscape comprehensively. They assist in figuring out
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Q2. “Trends in Entrepreneurship, in the current era have made it booming as
compared to theancient form of entrepreneurship.” Do agree or disagree? Justify your
answer with proper explanation.
Ans:
Introduction
Entrepreneurship, developing and managing a business venture, has evolved significantly
over the years. Entrepreneurship has witnessed a booming segment in the contemporary era
compared to its ancient form. This alteration can be attributed to various factors, which
include technological advancements, changes in customer behavior, global Connectivity, and
shifts in the economic landscape. In this dialogue, we will delve into entrepreneurship traits,
comparing the modern generation with ancient times, and provide a comprehensive analysis
to substantiate the claim that entrepreneurship is booming in the gift age.
Concept & Application
Modern Era Entrepreneurship
1. Technological Advancements
The modern era is characterized by rapid technological advancements that have
revolutionized the business landscape. Improvements like the net, synthetic intelligence, big
Q3. Raj Sharma dealt were quiet ordinary. In order to bail out Raj Sharma off trouble,
the consultant along with Raj Sharma performed feasibility study and even moved the
start-up location to the hub of the toy market. Further, the consultant made the
necessary amendments in Raj Sharma’s business plan and then asked him to again
approach investors. This time Raj Sharma was able to secure monetary aid equivalent
to the one stated in the business plan. Thus,the changes helped Raj not only reopen his
venture, but also to establish a thriving business.
a) What expectation did Raj Sharma have with his start-up?
Ans :
Introduction:
In entrepreneurship, dreams often fuel the initiation of recent ventures. Raj Sharma is no
exception. His aspirations have been deeply rooted in his start-up, and he appreciably
predicted its achievement.
Raj Sharma embarked on his entrepreneurial adventure with the imagination and presence of
doing a profitable business that would thoroughly impact the market. He believed in his idea
b) Why did many investors reject Raj Sharma’s business plan?
Ans :
Introduction:
Raj Sharma, a budding entrepreneur, faced challenges in gaining traction for his business
plan within the initial stages of his task. This narrative delves into the motives behind traders’
rejection of Raj Sharma’s marketing strategy, the subsequent interventions by a
representative, and the resulting achievement following strategic changes. Understanding the
nuances of the scenario offers valuable insights into the importance of adaptability and
Environment and Disaster Management
December 2023 Examination

Q.1) There has been a flash flood alert sounded in Darjeeling, West Bengal on April 1, 2024
& the Meteorological Department issues an emergency alert of an impending landslide
expected to hit the main roads & highways across Darjeeling township. You are in charge
of NDRF (National Disaster Response Force). Suggest various modern disaster
management steps to help the city better prepare for the onslaught of the flash floods.
Ans:
Introduction:
Flash floods, characterized by their sudden onset and swift, violent nature, threaten communities
and ecosystems, specifically in areas with various topographies and climatic conditions. One
such vulnerable location is Darjeeling, a picturesque town nestled in the hills of West Bengal,
India. On April 1, 2024, the Meteorological Department issued a flash flood alert for Darjeeling,
accompanied by a dire caution of an impending landslide to ravage the principal roads and
highways inside the township. This looming disaster underscores the need for an efficient and
proactive disaster management method.
In this context, the National Disaster Response Pressure (NDRF) stands at the forefront, crafting
and executing a complete disaster management plan to mitigate capacity devastation, keep lives,
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Q.2) Kanpur, one of Uttar Pradesh’s prominent cities generates 1500 Metric tonnes of
waste per day owing to the presence of a large population of 3 million inhabitants. There
exist 400 open dumping sites for waste dump. Suggest & briefly describe any 3 innovative
techniques to dispose of the waste in an effective manner.
Ans:
Title: Innovative Waste Disposal Techniques for Efficient Waste Management in Kanpur,
Uttar Pradesh
Introduction:
Kanpur, a prominent city in Uttar Pradesh, faces a significant waste management challenge
because its large population of approximately 3 million inhabitants generates 1500 metric tonnes
of waste daily. Managing the substantial quantity of waste is complex with the aid of 400 open
dumping websites. Powerful waste management is essential to address environmental, health,
and sustainability concerns. This essay explores three modern waste disposal techniques that can
revolutionize waste management in Kanpur, presenting sustainable and efficient solutions.
Concept & Application of Innovative Waste Disposal Techniques:
1. Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Conversion:
Waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion includes reworking waste materials into energy, typically
electricity or heat. This system reduces the extent of waste and generates usable energy. Inside
Q.3) Visualise that you are living in a region of India that is known for its wonderful flora
& fauna & also tea plantations & tea estates. Recently, it has been found that this area is
also rich in some mineral deposits, which provides an ideal opportunity for mine owners.
You have been observing that water pollution of the nearby rivers & illegal mining is
increasing in your neighborhood by quite a bit.
A) Suggest 2 innovative initiatives to prevent & control soil erosion & illegal mining in your
neighborhood.
Ans:
Introduction
I reside in a region of India famous for its super flora and fauna, tea plantations, and tea estates,
making it a haven for natural beauty. Unfortunately, this paradise is dealing with a significant
danger because of the discovery of rich mineral deposits, which has attracted the eye of mine
owners. This newfound interest in mining has taken a toll on the surroundings, mainly due to
water pollution in nearby rivers and a surge in unlawful mining sports. This essay sheds light on
B) How do you ensure that after your proposed solutions to tackle water pollution & illegal
mining, your initiatives are sustained over a long period of time & that there is no
discontinuity? Suggest 2 concrete proposals.
Ans:
Introduction:
The picturesque vicinity in India, famous for its rich plant life, fauna, and expansive tea
plantations, has faced a pressing trouble – the chance of water pollution and illegal mining. The
discovery of precious mineral deposits has attracted the eye of mine proprietors, providing a
capability environmental chance. In response to these demanding situations, sustainable
Essentials of HRM
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Explain how you would do a job analysis for the position of “Successful Student”
and create a job description using the various elements. Explain your choices of
essential functions and job specifications.
Ans 1.
Introduction
Job analysis is a systematic process of understanding the nature and requirements of a
particular position. It involves gathering, documenting, and analyzing information about a job
to provide a comprehensive understanding of its roles, responsibilities, and qualifications.
When we think of job analysis, we often associate it with traditional occupations in the
corporate world. However, the concept can be applied to any role, including that of a
“Successful Student.” A student’s role is multifaceted, encompassing academic,
extracurricular, and personal development aspects. By conducting a job analysis for the
position of a “Successful Student,” we aim to understand the key components that contribute
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Q2. Which training methods would be most effective to train the taste testers? Discuss
how each ofthe levels in Kirkpatrick’s model could be applied to the training for the
positions.
Would another evaluation method be more relevant? Explain. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Taste testers play a pivotal role in the food and beverage industry, ensuring that products
meet specific quality and flavor standards before reaching the market. Training these
professionals effectively is crucial, not only to ensure consistent product quality but also to
maintain a brand’s reputation. One of the widely recognized models for evaluating training
programs is Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Training Evaluation Model. This model provides a
structured framework to assess the effectiveness of training at different stages, from the
immediate reaction of the participants to the long-term impact on business outcomes. In the
context of training taste testers, it becomes essential to understand how each level of
Q3. Design an employee selection program for hiring stock traders. We already know
what to look for as far as the technical skills are concerned such as accounting skills,
economics, and so on. What we want is a program for screening out potential bad
apples. To that end, please let us know the following:
a) What screening tests would you suggest, and why? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The financial industry, especially stock trading, is not just about numbers and market
analysis; it’s also about trust, integrity, and ethical decision-making. While technical skills are
paramount, the character and moral compass of a stock trader can significantly impact an
organization’s reputation and financial health. Therefore, when designing an employee
selection program for hiring stock traders, it’s crucial to have robust screening mechanisms in
b) What questions should we add to our application form? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction (100 words)
The application form is often the first point of interaction between a potential employee and
an organization. For roles as critical as stock traders, where ethical considerations are
paramount, the application form should be more than just a collection of personal details and
qualifications. It should serve as a preliminary screening tool to gauge the applicant’s values,
ethical beliefs, and past behaviors. By incorporating specific questions tailored to assess these
aspects, organizations can filter out candidates who might not align with their ethical
Ethical and Professional Standards- Application
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Morget is a US – based business that created an iPhone application (App) user to
review restaurants. The company initiated an initial coin offering (ICO) to sell digital
tokens to raise $28 million in capital to invest in improving the App. The company
advertised and promoted the offering on the website, in a white paper and on social
media channels and messages boards, such as Twitter and Facebook, particularly in
focused aimed at those interested in investing in digital assets. In the communication
about the offering, Morget said it would use the proceeds to create an “ecosystem” in
which the company, its App users, restaurants, and others could use the tokens to buy
and sell goods and services. Morget explained that it expects the tokens to increase in
value as a result of company’s efforts. In addition, increased participation in the
ecosystem and the use or “burning” of tokens would also help increase the value of
tokens. Finally, Morget stated that it intended for the tokens to trade on a secondary
market. Morget’s ICO was acceptable or unacceptable. Justify your answer with
explanation.
Ans:
Introduction
In recent years, initial Coin services (ICOs) have emerged as a popular means for companies
to elevate capital by promoting digital tokens. Those tokens are often used to fund projects,
structures, or programs. Morgen, a US-based business, hired an ICO to generate $28 million
in capital to enhance its restaurant review iPhone application. However, ethical and
professional standards must be carefully considered for fundraising events. This analysis
delves into the moral and expert dimensions of Morget’s ICO by evaluating its advertising,
promotion, and promises made to capacity investors.
Concept & Application
1. Transparency and Accuracy in Communication
One of the fundamental ethical principles in engaging in an ICO is transparency. Companies
must offer correct and precise statistics to capability buyers regarding their services. In the
case of Morget, the employer marketed and promoted its ICO via various channels, which
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Q2. Desmond, CFA, is the Chief Financial Officer of EduTech Company a leading
semiconductor manufacturer. For the past few months, Desmond has led the EduTech
team in talks to buy a majority stake in Fix Conductor; a smaller privately owned
Semiconductor Company that has a patented technology that could potentially cut the
chip manufacturing costs of EduTech by almost 40%. After intense negotiations,
EduTech is able to close the deal with Fix Conductor late on Friday night. Desmond
wants to share the good news with his wife, so he takes out the phone and types
“Finally! EduTech has acquired a majority stake in Fix Conductor. The deal is sealed!”
But instead of sending the message to his wife, he accidentally posts it on his personal
Facebook page. The next morning (a Saturday), he wakes up and discovers the blunder.
Did Desmond violate any part of the CFA Institute Code of Ethics or Standard of
Professional Conduct? Justify your answer. (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In finance, moral conduct and professional standards are essential pillars that govern the
behavior and actions of financial practitioners. The CFA Institute Code of Ethics and
requirements of expert behavior provide a comprehensive framework that courses individuals
like Desmond, a primary economic Officer (CFO) at EduTech corporation and a Chartered
Economic Analyst (CFA), in upholding integrity, transparency, and fiduciary obligation. This
case study delves into an incident regarding Desmond and scrutinizes whether he adhered to
the ethical principles outlined by the CFA Institute inside the context of a great business deal.
However, a reputedly minor lapse in verbal exchange occurs when Desmond inadvertently
discloses private information about the acquisition on his non-public Facebook web page.
Q3. Nishanth, Head of Research at a long- short equity fund, leads a team of four
analyst. One of the fund’s portfolio managers asks Nishanth to look at a particular
small-cap company as a possible investment target. Because there is little information
available on the company, Nishanth assigns the challenging task to Binoy, one of the
fund’s top junior analysts, who spends a week conducting the research. Binoy builds a
cash flow projection model that shows the company is deeply undervalued. Nishanth
briefly reviews the model and publishes a research report on the company with the
author listed as the Research Department that recommends a “Buy” at the current
price. The fund makes substantial investment in the company’s stock. Later, several
brokerage houses come out with the research pieces on the company that includes cash
flow projections that are considerably lower than Binoy’s model. Over the course of six
months, the investment looses 25% of its value. Nishanth thoroughly reviews Binoy’s
model and discovers two assumptions that eventually proved erroneous as well as an
arithmetic mistake.
a) Did Binoy violate or did not violate the CFA institute Code of Ethics and Standards
of Professional Conduct? (5 Marks)
Ans :
Introduction
In the finance industry, ethical conduct and expert standards are crucial in maintaining the
integrity of financial markets and safeguarding traders’ interests. The CFA Institute Code of
Ethics and standards of professional behavior give a comprehensive framework guiding the
conduct and duties of funding experts. This moral code emphasizes the importance of
accuracy, diligence, and prudence in funding analysis and decision-making. In this context,
we will examine a scenario related to Nishanth, Head of studies at a long-brief equity fund,
b) Did Nishanth violate or did not violate the CFA institute Code of Ethics and
Standards of Professional Conduct? (5Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
The CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct is a fundamental set
of guidelines that financial professionals, including portfolio managers and analysts, must
follow in their day-to-day Operations. These guidelines emphasize moral behavior, integrity,
and responsibility towards clients and the marketplace. In this scenario, we can observe
whether Nishanth, the top of research at a long-brief equity fund, violated these ethical
Export Import Procedures and Documentation
December 2023 Examination
Q1. You are working with a Customs Broker company. One of your clients seeks your
advice on whether to import goods on Ex works, FOB basis or CIF basis. They don’t want
to opt for any other incoterms. Please explain the three incoterms and advise them
suitably. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
International trade involves a maze of procedures, documentation, and decisions, among which
choosing the right Incoterm plays a pivotal role. Incoterms, or International Commercial Terms,
define the responsibilities, risks, and costs of the buyer and seller in a trade transaction. The
choice between Ex works (EXW), Free on Board (FOB), and Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF)
can significantly impact the logistical, financial, and risk aspects of the transaction. For a
business engaging in importing goods, understanding the nuances of these terms is essential to
align with their strategic objectives, risk appetite, and logistical capabilities.
When importing goods, the chosen Incoterm becomes the cornerstone determining the
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Q2. Your friend wants to import some interior decoration goods from China for his home
i.e. personal purposes. He seeks your guidance on obtaining IEC certificate to import goods
for his purpose use. Give a good write up to your friend on this. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The globalization of markets has rendered international trade a commonplace activity, even for
individual consumers. Whether it’s a business importing goods for resale or an individual like
you, aiming to enrich their home with interior decoration pieces from another country, specific
procedures must be adhered to. In India, one of the most pivotal aspects of initiating an import is
obtaining the Importer Exporter Code (IEC), a primary requirement for anyone wishing to
engage in import or export activities. Even if you’re importing goods for personal use, an
understanding of the IEC’s role is crucial. The IEC isn’t just a code; it’s your passport to the
Q3.You have been shortlisted for a job of Export & Import Manager. During an interview
you have been asked to give your views on the following questions:
a) What are the different type of payment terms prevailing in the international market
today on imports? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The realm of international trade is riddled with complexities, not the least of which pertains to
the payment methods and terms used between buyers and sellers. These payment terms play a
pivotal role in balancing the interests of both parties, ensuring that goods are delivered as agreed
upon and payments are secured. The chosen payment method can reflect the trust between the
b) What is your option of payment term for safe transaction and why? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Navigating the intricacies of international trade requires a keen understanding of various
payment methods to safeguard the interests of both parties. Each payment term has its merits and
demerits, based on the risk appetite, trust level, and operational preferences of the buyer and
seller. Given the landscape, one might wonder which payment option can be regarded as the
Export Import Procedures and Documentation
December 2023 Examination
Q1. You are working with a Customs Broker company. One of your clients seeks your
advice on whether to import goods on ex works, FOB basis or CIF basis. They don’t
want to opt for any other incoterms. Please explain the three incoterms and advise them
suitably.
Ans:
Introduction
In international change, choosing the perfect Incoterms is crucial for green and fee-effective
importation of goods. Incoterms, or global business terms, are standardized phrases used in
contracts to sell and transport goods. They define the responsibilities and dangers among the
purchaser and seller throughout transport. In this dialogue, we can be aware of three usually
used Incoterms: Ex Works (EXW), loose on Board (FOB), and cost, insurance, and Freight
(CIF). We can examine their concepts, applications, blessings, and considerations to help our
clients decide on their desires.
Concept & Application
1. Ex Works (EXW)
Ex Works is an Incoterm where the seller’s responsibility ends at their premises or elsewhere
(e.g., factory, warehouse). The buyer bears all expenses and dangers from this factor
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Q2. Your friend wants to import some interior decoration goods from China for his
home i.e. personal purposes. He seeks your guidance on obtaining IEC certificate to
import goods for his purpose use. Give a good write up to your friend on this.
Ans;
Introduction:
Dear Friend,
Importing items for non-public use may be exciting, significantly enhancing your dwelling
area’s aesthetics. To facilitate this endeavor, it’s essential to understand the regulatory
necessities involved in importing, such as the Import Export Code (IEC) certificate. The IEC
is a unique identification number issued via the Directorate Standard of Foreign Change
(DGFT), the Ministry of Commerce, and the government of India.
This certificate is mandatory for every person engaged in India’s import/export business,
which includes individuals importing items for non-public use. It allows smooth transactions,
clearances through customs, and compliance with global change laws and regulations. This
Q3.You has been shortlisted for a job of Export & Import Manager. During an
interview you have been asked to give your views on the following questions:
a) What is the different type of payment terms prevailing in the international market
today on imports?
Ans ;
Introduction
Robust charge terms control is crucial for a hit import operation in the dynamic panorama of
global trade. Payment terms are contractual agreements between the consumer and the seller
concerning the fee of products or offerings. Those terms outline the responsibilities,
liabilities, and timelines for both events. Various charge terms are inside the global market
every day, providing particular benefits and issues. This discussion will explore the diverse
b) What is your option of payment term for safe transaction and why?
Ans:
Introduction
Sensible payment phrases are essential for secure and successful transactions within the
dynamic international of global trade, where groups constantly expand their global footprint.
As an Export and import supervisor, I oversee these transactions and mitigate economic
dangers for the enterprise. In this essay, I can speak about the diverse payment phrases
Financial Accounting & Analysis
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Often it happens that while running a business there is an inflow and outflow of
revenues and expenses of more than one accounting period. Such transactions, which
affects more than one accounting period requires adjustment. Such adjustment are
reflected in the books of accounts.
Discuss about adjustment entries, point out the type of adjustment, which may arise in the
due course of business and reflect on how adjustment entries impacts the financial
statement. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic realm of business, financial transactions are a daily occurrence, revolving around
the constant inflow and outflow of revenues and expenses. However, not all of these transactions
pertain exclusively to the current accounting period. Some span over multiple periods, creating
the need for accurate reflection and tracking within the accounting system. This challenge is
addressed through ‘adjustment entries’. These entries ensure that financial statements provide a
clear, fair, and comprehensive view of an entity’s financial position, performance, and changes in
financial position. Failure to record these adjustments can distort the financial picture of a
business, potentially misleading stakeholders. Therefore, understanding adjustment entries, the
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Q2. The revenue from operations and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and
amortization are distinct metrics with separate implications for our business performance.
It is crucial to understand the difference between these two figures as they provide unique
insights into our operational efficiency and profitability. Discuss the statement by
differentiating the difference between these two terms, Revenue from operation and
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
With the given information, prepare the statement of Profit and Loss of the company in
vertical format. (10 Marks)
Depreciation and amortisation expenses
295600
Purchase of stock in trade
10450
Employees benefit costs
959139
Other expenses
565000
Revenue from sale of product
5000000
Other operating revenues
2500000
Cost of material consumed
1050000
Finance cost
525000
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the realm of business finance, understanding the nuances of various financial metrics is
paramount to assessing a company’s health and performance. Two such pivotal metrics are the
Revenue from Operations and Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization
(EBITDA). While both are indicators of a company’s financial performance, they serve distinct
purposes and offer different insights into the operational aspects of a business. Revenue from
Operations provides a snapshot of the primary business activities, reflecting the core incomegenerating

operations. On the other hand, EBITDA offers a deeper dive, shedding light on a
company’s profitability before accounting for interest, taxes, and non-cash expenses like
Q3. Following is the information available for Paraam Industries Pvt Ltd for the month of
August
Amount
Withdrawal of cash from the bank, as on 10th August 2023
Rs. 200000
Balance in the business bank account as on 6th Aug 2023
Rs. 500000
Purchased Computer for personal use using business fund as
Rs. 50000
on 15th August 2023
Paid for school fees for the kid from the business bank
Rs. 3000
account as on 11th August 2023
For the given information-
a) Discuss the rules in relation to debit and credit as applicable for the account type being
assets, liabilities, expenses and gains. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the realm of accounting, the double-entry system is a foundational concept that ensures the
accounting equation remains balanced, that is, assets = liabilities + equity. Every financial
transaction impacts at least two accounts, and these are represented by debits and credits. The
rules for debits and credits vary based on the type of account in question, be it assets, liabilities,
expenses, or gains. Understanding these rules is crucial for accurate financial record-keeping and
b) Pass journal entry for the transactions. Explain why the personal expenses and business
expenses of owner are treated differently (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Journal entries are the building blocks of accounting, capturing every financial transaction of a
business in a structured manner. They follow the double-entry system, ensuring that for every
debit entry, there’s a corresponding credit entry. A crucial aspect of maintaining accurate
financial records is distinguishing between personal and business expenses, especially in entities
like sole proprietorships where the owner’s and business’s finances might intertwine. This
Financial Institutions and Markets
Dec 2023 Examination
Q1. Mr Raman is one of the director in XYZ ltd company .The company is engaged in
hotel sector ,which has recently witnessed a steady downfall in its revenue and value of
its assets due to a downward trend persisting in the market. The periodical financial
result of the compan were to be declared in the fortnight time. Mr. Raman being an
insider, had to access to unpublished price sensitive information related to it.
Consequently, he sells the major portion of his holding in an anticipation of fall in the
market price of the shares of the company subsequent to announcement of periodical
financial result of the company. On conducting a probe, SEBI finds Mr. Raman guilty
of insider is trading.
In context to the above case – State the importance of SEBI and its various functions.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays a pivotal role in the Indian
financial market ecosystem. Established in 1988 and given statutory powers in 1992, SEBI’s
primary objective is to protect the interests of investors in securities and promote the
development and regulation of the securities market. The case of Mr. Raman, a director at
XYZ Ltd., underscores the significance of SEBI’s role in ensuring a level playing field for all
market participants. Insider trading, as seen in this scenario, is a malpractice where
individuals with access to unpublished price-sensitive information exploit it for personal
gains, thereby undermining the
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Q2. Rima buys a financial asset from the RBI. This financial asset is an instrument of
short- term borrowing. He has bought it because he doesn’t want to take risk and wants
an assured return. This instrument is a promissory note. It is highly liquid. The
instrument is also known as zero coupon bonds. On this instrument, it is written T-91
Based on the above case study, Identify the financial asset indicated in the above case
.elaborate why this instrument is called as zero coupon bonds and mention what are
functions of these instruments and why this is called as T-19? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Financial markets are replete with a variety of instruments that cater to the diverse needs of
investors. These instruments range from high-risk, high-return equities to low-risk, fixedreturn
bonds.
The
case
study
introduces
us
to
a
financial
asset
purchased
by
Rima
from
the
RBI, which is a short-term borrowing instrument. This asset is designed for investors who are
risk-averse and seek an assured return on their investment. The instrument, described as a
promissory note, is highly liquid and is known as a zero-coupon bond. The nomenclature “T91”

is also associated with this asset. Before delving into the specifics of this financial
instrument, it’s
Q3. Nishanth was working in the portfolio management department of Beta Ltd and
had new recruits to whom he was supposed to provide training on the risks associated
with the financial market as apart from earning returns they should be well aware of
the risks that can be managed and which ones cannot be managed in a portfolio. He
decided to broadly classify the risks in two categories and explain the different types of
risks associated with each one. If you are Nishanth,
a) Explain different types of risks associated with systematic risk. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of financial markets, risks are as inherent as returns. For every potential
gain, there exists an associated risk. Nishanth, with his experience in portfolio management,
understands the importance of not just chasing returns but also managing and mitigating risks.
To provide a comprehensive understanding to the new recruits, he categorizes risks into two
b) Explain different types of risks associated with unsystematic risk. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
While systematic risks are inherent to the entire market, unsystematic risks are unique to
specific companies or industries. Often termed as “diversifiable risk,” unsystematic risk arises
from factors that are not correlated with market returns. By diversifying investments across
various assets or sectors, investors can significantly reduce or even eliminate unsystematic
Financial Institutions & Markets
December 2023 Examination
Q1. “Financial tools facilitate the efficient flow of money and capital throughout the globe”
With the given statement, describe the various financial instruments that are relevant in
India.
Ans:
Introduction
Financial tools are pivotal within the modern global economic system, facilitating the efficient
flow of money and capital across borders. In India’s rapidly developing financial system with a
diverse financial landscape, diverse economic instruments are instrumental in channeling funds,
managing risks, and supporting economic growth. These instruments encompass various options
along with equities, bonds, derivatives, mutual funds, and extra, each with unique traits and
applications.
The economic system in India has undergone significant transformations over time, aligning with
worldwide requirements and adapting to rising trends. This introductory phase will offer a top-
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Q2. You are a financial Advisor in a financial advisory firm. Your client apart from his
existing investments wants to diversify his portfolio in the mutual funds. Help your client to
know the details about the mutual funds whereby discussing its features and various types
of mutual funds.
Ans:
Introduction
In the realm of financial management, the art of investing has emerged as a pivotal device for
shaping and securing our financial future. As people, we continuously seek ways to optimize our
budget, enhance wealth, and achieve our long-term economic goals. Among the array of
investment options, mutual funds are preferred due to their potential for diversification, expert
management, and accessibility.
This guide is crafted to comprehensively understand mutual budgets—their concept, utility, and
the various types inside the financial landscape. We will delve into the intricate details
Q3. Arun has recently been placed in a public sector bank. His manager asks him to
prepare a short presentation on the following. Help Arun to prepare with his presentation.
A) Enumerate how Cash Reserve ratio (CRR) is used as a credit control tool by RBI.
Ans:
Introduction
The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is a crucial monetary policy device employed by the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI) to regulate the liquidity and stability of the banking system. CRR mandates
that banks preserve a certain percentage in their general deposits through cash reserves with the
central bank. This requirement influences commercial banks’ lending ability and helps manage
B) Also, Discuss the contribution of statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) in Lowering Country’s
Inflation.
Ans:
Introduction
Inflation, characterized by a sustained growth in the general price level of goods and services
over a defined duration, can disrupt the equilibrium of a nation’s economy. It impacts the
purchasing power of individuals and businesses, the allocation of assets, and the overall
economic stability. A delicate strength in inflation levels is imperative for financial increase,
Financial Reporting & Analysis – II
December 2023 Examination
Q1.) On January 1 2015, Royal Manufacturers acquired 25% Equity Interest in Skyline
Corp for Rs. 900000 USD. The following Information of Asset & Liabilities of Skyline
is available: (10 Marks)
PARICULARS
Book Value ($)
Fair Value ($)
Current Assets
220,000
220,000
Plant &Equipment
13,00,000
15,00,000
Land
9,00,000
10,50,000
Total Assets
24,20,000
27,70,000
Liabilities
7,50,000
7,50,000
Net Assets
16,70,000
20,20,000
Plant & Equipments are depreciated on Straight Line basis Zero over a Term of 10
Years
ROYAL Group uses EQUITY Method to Account for this Investment in Alton. Alton
Reports NETINCOME of Rs. 250,000 for 2010 & Pays Dividend of $ 100,000.
CALCULATE : for ROYAL
# GOODWILL INCLUDED IN PURCHASE PRICE
# AMT OF EQUITY INCOME TO BE REPORTED ON ROYAL INCOME
STATEMENT 2010
# VALUE OF ALTON’S INVESTMENT RECOGNIZED BY ROYAL ON BALANCE
SHEET FOR 2015.
Ans 1.
Introduction
Goodwill is an intangible asset linked with buying one firm and employing another.
Specifically, goodwill is recorded in a segment in which the purchase price is more than the
sum of the fair value of all intangible belongings and visible assets purchased in the
acquisition and the liabilities assumed in the manner. The fee of a company’s brand call,
precise client relations, solid purchaser base, good employee family members, and patents or
proprietary technology are some examples of goodwill.
Goodwill arises when an organization acquires any other entire business. The amount of
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Q2.) In case of annual risk audit of a recognized Manufacturing Company at USA, How
Beneish Model M Score can be significant in judgment of its overall Financial
Reporting Quality for Risk Manager & Top Management of Company. Kindly
Elaborate in Financial Reporting Quality parameters from Beneish Model pt. of view.
(10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The Beneish model is a mathematical version that utilizes eight variables and financial ratios
to identify whether an organization has manipulated its revenue. It’s far used as a tool to
uncover financial manipulation and fraud.
The variables are developed from the information within the organization’s financial
statements and, once determined, create an M-score to describe the value and degree to which
the earnings have been manipulated.
• The Beneish model may be defined as a mathematical version that includes eight variables
and an economic ratio to discover whether a company has manipulated its earnings.
3a) How is Impairment of Good will recognized in IFRS? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
While a company acquires control over any other company, goodwill often arises, too. You
need to present it as an intangible asset. However, when you think about it minutely, goodwill
isn’t always a general asset because, unlike other investments, you can’t sell it to anyone; you
can not use it to your production method or provide services.
Therefore, IFRS standards are pretty complex and strict about goodwill – for instance, you
need to check charity for impairment each year (you do not need to try other assets, most
b) How a Debt Instrument ‘Available for Sale’ (AFS) Category has crucial impact in
IFRS? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
(AFS) available-for-sale safety is a fairness or debt safety bought to sell before it reaches
maturity or is held for an extended period so it does not have an adulthood or expiry date.
Accounting standards require that companies classify any investments in debt or equity
securities while purchased as held-to-maturity, to be had-for-sale or held-for-trading.
Available-for-sale securities are recorded at a truthful price; changes in cost between
Financial Statement Analysis
December 2023 Examination
Question 1
Financial statement analysis is a critical process that helps stakeholders, such as
investors, creditors, and management, evaluate a company’s financial performance,
position, and overall health. Various tools and techniques are employed to conduct
financial statement analysis, each providing unique insights into different aspects of the
company’s financials. Discuss the above statement, by referring specifically the various
essential tools used in financial statement analysis.
Ans:
Introduction
Economic statement analysis is an essential method stakeholders use to comprehensively
verify a corporation’s financial performance, role, and health. These stakeholders, buyers,
lenders, and control rely on economic statement analysis to make informed decisions. By
employing various tools and strategies, financial analysts can interpret financial data and gain
valuable insights into an organization’s operations, profitability, solvency, and growth
capability. This evaluation helps stakeholders make strategic decisions regarding
investments, loans, and business techniques, ultimately contributing to a company’s
sustainable growth and success.
Concept & application
Financial assertion analysis includes inspecting a company’s financial statements to
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Question 2
Financial statement analysis is crucial for Marry Kom’s long-term investing journey as
it helps her comprehend a company’s financial health and performance. By evaluating
balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements, she can gauge its stability
and growth potential
She learned that investing for long term not only help her in earning dividend income,
but also generate considerable amount of capital appreciation and so on. She started
taking the initial steps towards investing by performing the financial statement analysis
of various companies listed at BSE.
Discuss the relevance of financial statement analysis and also the relevance of any five
ratio’s related to profitability.
Ans:
Introduction
Monetary statement analysis is a pivotal component of sound funding decision-making. For
individuals like Mary Kom venturing into long-term investing, understanding a company’s
financial fitness and performance is crucial. Buyers can verify a company’s balance, growth
capability, and general financial position by inspecting balance sheets, income statements,
and cash-waft statements. This analysis affords precious insights into a company’s operations,
efficiency, and profitability, helping buyers make informed investment alternatives. This
discussion explores the significance of financial statement analysis in Mary Kom’s
investment journey and delves into the relevance of five key profitability ratios.
Concept & Application
Financial statement analysis entails scrutinizing an employer’s financial reviews to evaluate
Question 3
To calculate the cash flow from operating activities, its’s important to adjust for cash
outflows and cash inflows from the core business operations. The resulting figure
indicates the net cash generated or used by the company’s day-to-day activities.
Particulars
(in Rs)
Depreciation on machinery 5500
Increase in creditors
7000
Increase in stock
5000
Increase in payables
30000
Net profit before taxes
110000
Increase in debtors
8600
a. Calculate cash flow from operating activities. (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Knowledge, and as it should be, calculating cash float from working sports is fundamental to
assessing a company’s monetary health and operational efficiency. Cash float from operating
activities represents the internet amount generated or utilized through a company’s day-to-day
Business operations, excluding cash flows from investing and financing activities. It, in
reality, shows a company’s ability to generate cash via its core operations and meet its brief-
b. Discuss about the cash flow from operating activities as a concept. If the cash flow of
the company from the operating activities comes to (140000), what does this indicate?
Discuss and conclude.
Ans:
Introduction to Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Cash flow from running activities is a fundamental monetary metric used to evaluate a
company’s capacity to generate cash through its core enterprise operations. It represents the
Internet cash inflows and outflows due to the day-to-day Sports are involved in producing
and promoting items or services. Operating sports are a company’s number one salesgenerating sports and
generally encompass
transactions
associated with
sales,
purchases, and
Fundamentals of Big Data & Business Analytics
December 2023 Examination
1. There are various types of business analytics procedures that can be performed on a
problem statement. Assume you’re working with a low-cost airline based in India as an
analytics advisor. Define and state 3 different use cases of your choice that the airline
company could use. Mention briefly about how the different types of business analytics
procedures could be used in each of the use cases. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the contemporary age of digitalization, the aviation industry, like many others, stands at
the intersection of rapid technological evolution and ever-increasing customer expectations.
Low-cost airlines, which primarily focus on reducing operational expenses to offer
competitive fares, operate under thin profit margins. This makes the efficient use of data and
analytics crucial for success. With the deluge of data, ranging from customer preferences to
flight operations, airlines have a vast reservoir of information at their disposal. Business
analytics procedures can transform this raw data into actionable insights, optimizing various
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2. Alset is a multi-national top end electric vehicle manufacturer and a market leader in
providing autonomous driving features. No other car manufacturer in the world is
anywhere near Alset in the autonomous driving space. Being at the forefront comes with
its challenges.
Alset’s top management heard about its software not being able to differentiate
between 2-wheelers, i.e., motorcycles and bicycles. Which caused an erroneous speed
estimation of those 2-wheelers and led to some non-fatal accidents. The organization
wants to avoid this. For which, it needs a lot of data to train the model. But it’s not
storing any data from their cars. Some of the users agreed to share the image/video data
from their cars but Alset doesn’t have a data collection or storage or processing
methodology in place because all the processing thus far has been on the on-board units
(OBUs). To solve this the firm consults and gives you the responsibility to design their
pipeline. They don’t have any historical data on any kind of 2-wheelers.
How do you approach this problem holistically using both big data and business
analytics concepts? Explain the big data component for storage and processing, and
analytics component of approaching this use case and what would you do in each of the
stages. Goal is to help company collect, store, process data and better predict and
classify between different kinds of 2-wheelers. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving automotive industry, where autonomous vehicles have gained
significant traction, the role of data analytics has become increasingly indispensable. Alset, a
pioneering force in electric vehicles and autonomous driving, finds itself at a critical juncture.
The recent revelation that their autonomous software struggles to distinguish between
motorcycles and bicycles underscores the need for a robust big data infrastructure. The
implications are more than just technological; they directly impact user safety, brand
reputation, and market leadership. At the heart of this challenge lies the need to collect,
3. Costco, a high-volume low-cost retailer like D-Mart is planning to start operations in
India. Help them and identify 10 locations, which will have high reachability, multi city
presence and many more that aid Costco in building a pan India chain in 5-10 years.
You are not just helping them identify the top cities but also the localities and the
specific area in which they should open.
a. Which type of analysis could be used to solve this problem and maximise the outcome
for Costco? Explain the data needed to solve this problem. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Costco’s impending entry into India marks a significant shift in the retail landscape of the
country. India, with its diverse consumer base and unique regional nuances, demands a
strategic and data-driven approach for such a venture. Identifying optimal locations for
Costco outlets is crucial to ensure not only immediate profitability but also sustainable
growth in the long run. This task necessitates a combination of geospatial, demographic, and
b. For the purposes of customer relationship management, Costco is planning to collect
data of customers and their purchases to provide better services. Which kind of data
storage should they prefer? An on-premises data facility or a cloud data facility? Why?
(5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the age of digital transformation, effective data storage solutions are pivotal for businesses
aiming to foster deeper customer relationships and optimize their operations. For Costco, as it
embarks on its journey in India, the choice between on-premises data facilities and cloud data
facilities is more than just a technical decision. It’s a strategic move, shaping the trajectory of
Fundamentals of Taxation
December 2023 Examination
Question 1: The Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, categorizes income under specific heads
for taxation. Each head’s charging sections define the scope of income to be taxed,
ensuring clear identification and appropriate taxation of income sources.
Discuss precisely all the heads of income as mentioned under the Income Tax Act 1961.
(10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Direct taxation in India isn’t always a legacy of British rule but is one of the ancient and wellestablished

institutions. In Manu Smriti and Arthasashtra, references were made to various
tax measures. According to Sastras, Manu, the lawgiver, and old sage, stated that the king
could levy taxes.
The historical antecedents of personal taxation reveal that the government applied the
generation of profits tax to meet the sales exigencies faced by utilizing it for fighting wars,
maintaining law and order, and protecting the country’s boundaries.
The Income Tax Act was passed in the year 1961. Its miles the statute under which all
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Question 2: GST is an all-encompassing indirect tax imposed on businesses across India
to create a unified market. It’s a single tax applied throughout the goods and services’
life cycle, simplifying the taxation process and promoting economic integration. Discuss
the features of GST. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
GST is known as the offerings and goods Tax. It’s miles an indirect tax, which has changed
various indirect taxes in India, such as the services tax, excise duty, VAT, etc. The Carrier
and Items Tax Act was created and passed in the Parliament on 29 March 2017 and enacted
on 1 July 2017.
In other words, (GST) goods and service Tax is carried out to supply services and goods. The
country’s goods and services Tax law is a comprehensive, multi-level, destination-based tax
Question 3: The gross total income of Mrs. Verma from all sources for the assessment
year 2022-23 is Rs700000. She has made the following investments, as well as certain
payments during the financial year 2021-22.
1. Contribution to PPF, Rs 145000
2. Payment made to Alfa coaching classes as private tuition fees for science classes Rs
15000
3. Repayment of housing loan taken from SBI, Rs 15000
4. Contribution towards approved pension fund of LIC, Rs 123000
Assuming the applicable tax regime is – old regime
A. Compute the eligible deduction amount under Section 80 C, 80CCC, 80CCE (5
marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The latest budget, 2023, has caused a lot of confusion among taxpayers regarding the choice
between the antique and new tax regimes. The government has introduced various incentives
inside the 2023 budget to encourage the adoption of the new rule.
Those changes show that the authorities intend to have taxpayers transition to the new regime
and eventually segment out the old one. Though the new regime is now the default tax
B. Discuss the relevant provisions as applicable under Section 80 C, 80CCC, 80CCE (5
marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Section 80C of the Income Tax Act 1961 (the act)
Section 80C of the Act provides for a deduction of up to Rs 1.5 lakh from the total taxable
income of people and Hindu Undivided families (HUFs). This deduction may be claimed
concerning diverse investments and expenses specified for this purpose and incurred by
March 31 of the relevant Accounting year (FY). The assumptions below this section have

NMIMS Global Access
School for Continuing Education (NGA-SCE)
Course: Global Retailing
Internal Assignment Applicable for December 2023 Examination

Assignment Marks: 30

Instructions:
 All Questions carry equal marks.
 All Questions are compulsory
 All answers to be explained in not more than 1000 words for question 1 and 2 and for
question 3 in not more than 500 words for each subsection. Use relevant examples,
illustrations as far as possible.
 All answers to be written individually. Discussion and group work is not advisable.
 Students are free to refer to any books/reference material/website/internet for
attempting their assignments, but are not allowed to copy the matter as it is from the
source of reference.
 Students should write the assignment in their own words. Copying of assignments from
other students is not allowed.
 Students should follow the following parameter for answering the assignment
questions.

 

For Theoretical Answer
Assessment Parameter Weightage
Introduction
For Numerical Answer
20%
Assessment Parameter Weightage
Understanding and
usage of the formula
20%
Concepts and Application
related to the question
60%
Procedure / Steps
60%
Conclusion
20%
Correct Answer &
Interpretation
20%

1) How is Nestle India planning its rural growth trend and which are the best selling
products of Nestle and what’s its strategy? (10 marks)

 

NMIMS Global Access
School for Continuing Education (NGA-SCE)
Course: Global Retailing
Internal Assignment Applicable for December 2023 Examination
2) You are supposed to set up an exclusive new brand of college bags? What is the kind
of display that you can think of to increase the sale of these bags and give it a good
brand name where it creates an impact? (10 marks)

3) Case Study
Ashok Leyland to enter used vehicle biz
Partners Shriram Automall to launch platform for pre-owned vehicles
Hinduja Group’s flagship commercial vehicle major Ashok Leyland (AL) on Monday
announced its foray into the used vehicles business by tying up with Shriram Automall India
(SAMIL), which connects pre-owned vehicles and equipment buyers and sellers. The
companies will launch an exclusive platform for pre-owned vehicles.
The phygital (physical plus digital) platform will facilitate exchange, proper disposal and
purchase of old commercial vehicles. With this foray, Ashok Leyland aims to streamline the
used-vehicles market by lever- aging its digital ecosystem, existing and potential channel
partners in over 100 automalls spread across the country. The company aims to bring in more
transparency in this space.
The customers will also have access to other value added services of Ashok Leyland like
iALERT telematics solution, Driver SAATHI skilling solution, valuation, break down
services and fuel, solutions through various digital solutions offered by the firm.
“With our aspirations to be an end-to-end mobility solutions provider, this partnership will
help establish our presence in the pre-owned commercial vehicle segment. With our
experience as one of the largest truck makers, this initiative will help to debottleneck the ecosystem

through a consumer- centric digital solution, which will serve as an easy- to use

 

NMIMS Global Access
School for Continuing Education (NGA-SCE)
Course: Global Retailing
Internal Assignment Applicable for December 2023 Examination
touchpoint for our consumers; said Sanjay Saraswat, the head -medium and heavy commercial
vehicles, Ashok Leyland. The company expects that the initiative will also help it in
implementing the scrappage policy at the grassroots level.
The company said that through facilities like an exchange, disposal hybrid, and special vehicle
inspection, the platform aims to become the top choice of customers who are considering
exchanging their vehicles. This will create an opportunity for Ashok Leyland to reach many
fleets and single truck owners across India, it said.
“SAMIL is living on to the missions to bring innovative digital solutions to enhance the
customer experience to the next level.” said Sameer Malhotra, CEO of Shriram Automall
India. “Through the OEMs expertise of the Commercial Vehicle segment and our Phygital
auctions platforms, which include over 100 Automall network strength. spread across India,
we aim to create all-inclusive mobility solutions for buyers and sellers,” he said.
Questions
1. What is the strategy of Ashok Leyland? What is the advantage of this strategy and will it
succeed? (5 marks)

2. What advantages does Ashok Leyland have with its strategy? What types of customer
experiences is Ashok Leyland speaking of? (5 marks)

**********

Indian Foreign Trade
December 2023 Examination
Scenario:
Indian agriculture produce Start-up Company called Bharat Agro Tech (BAT) in
collaboration with Israeli agriculture Tech Company having their agreement
for Technology transfer with one-time payment for technology transfer.
BAT has 500 acres of land on 30 years lease in Nasik, Maharashtra. They have built in
situ fresh agriculture produce Cleaning, Packing Cold store unit. They grow fresh
vegetables like Red Onion, Cucumber, Carrot, Beetroot, Moringa, and Green Pepper in
200 acres land and 250 acres they grow fruits like Grapes (All varieties), Papaya and
Pomegranate. In the remaining 50 acres they grow different varieties of Roses. They are
having all the experts from the field of agriculture and Horticulture from India and
Agro technology from Israel. Their agriculture produce is 100% Organic and for that
they have certificate also. BAT is 100% export oriented Start-up Company, their focus
is on exporting to GCC countries like Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait.
Q1. You can take any one country from above mentioned countries, discuss how you
will move forward in finding market profile of identified market. You need to discuss on
regulatory requirements of the target market, market survey (secondary) major nontariff
barrier and competition. (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The globalization era has brought a surge in trade opportunities for businesses across borders.
Bharat Agro Tech (BAT), a promising start-up anchored in India’s fertile lands, has embarked
on a mission to tap into the lucrative market of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
countries. The amalgamation of organic farming with cutting-edge Israeli agro technology
offers BAT a competitive edge. Given the impressive array of products – from vegetables and
fruits to exquisite roses – BAT is poised to meet diverse demands. Targeting the GCC,
particularly when organic produce is increasingly sought after, seems a strategic move. For
this analysis, we will focus on the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a hub of economic activity
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Q2. Please discuss on logistics, which is very important to ensure the product will be
shipped on priority by air/sea. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the realm of global trade, particularly for an export-oriented enterprise like Bharat Agro
Tech (BAT), logistics doesn’t just play a pivotal role – it often determines the success of the
entire venture. Shipping agricultural produce, which includes perishables, demands a
seamless, swift, and efficient logistics strategy. The choice between air and sea transportation,
along with the inherent intricacies of each mode, significantly influences the freshness and
quality of the products upon arrival, and subsequently, the brand’s reputation in foreign
markets. Ensuring priority in shipping is not solely about speed but encompasses a gamut of
Q3 a) You need to discuss what are the benefits BAT will get it from the State & Central
government keeping in mind it is 100% export oriented start-up company. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Bharat Agro Tech (BAT) is poised to represent India’s prowess in agricultural exports,
collaborating with international entities and targeting global markets. Given its stature as a
100% export-oriented start-up, BAT stands to gain numerous benefits from both the State and
Central governments. These advantages are designed to bolster export capabilities, ensure
competitive standing in international markets, and encourage more enterprises to tread the
b) What is your suggestion for BAT for marketing of their produce overseas? Do you
recommend them to develop a good brand name for their products explain briefly? (5
Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Bharat Agro Tech (BAT) stands at the intersection of India’s rich agricultural legacy and
advanced agro-technology, offering products that hold immense promise for international
markets. To fully realize this potential, strategic marketing is pivotal. One central aspect of
this strategy is the creation and promotion of a strong brand identity, which could drastically
Industrial Relations & Labour Laws
December 2023 Examination
Q1. “Industrial dispute” is a dispute between workers and management. Discuss main
causes of industrial dispute. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Industrial disputes stand as a testament to the complexities inherent in the dynamic
relationship between workers and management. They are disagreements or conflicts that arise
in the industrial sector, typically involving workers, their unions, and the management.
Rooted in various underlying issues, these disputes can have significant consequences for
both the parties involved and the broader economy. The scope and nature of industrial
relations have evolved with the changing socio-economic landscape, technological
advancements, and globalization. With increasing competition and the drive for efficiency,
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Q2. International labor organization is an important source for labor statistics on
employment, educational level, economic performance, and worker participation.
Discuss topics of interest for this organization. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The International Labor Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations
that has played an integral role in shaping labor standards and policies globally since its
inception in 1919. Rooted in its vision of promoting social justice and internationally
recognized human and labor rights, the ILO has been a crucial player in fostering equitable
and sustainable growth in the world of work. One of the fundamental aspects of the ILO’s
mission is to provide accurate, timely, and comprehensive labor statistics to its member states
Q3.“Workers’ participation in management” means involvement of representatives of
workers in the decision-making process of an organization.
a) Discuss in what different ways workers can participate in management. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
“Workers’ participation in management” is a progressive concept that emphasizes the
inclusion of workers in the decision-making structures of an organization. Rooted in the
belief that those who contribute directly to the organization’s success should have a say in its
direction and policies, this practice not only strengthens the democratic ethos of an institution
b) Discuss at what levels workers can participate in management. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Worker participation in management underscores a collaborative approach, ensuring that
those who are integral to an organization’s operations have a say in its governance and
strategic direction. The depth and extent of this participation can manifest across multiple
echelons of the organizational hierarchy. Recognizing the levels at which workers can
Information Systems for Managers
December 2023 Examination
Q.1) Ghanshyam Das and Sons Jewellers has now its several branches across different
cities in India. The Jewellers started from very small shop in Delhi and expanded their
business in several years across India. Initially when they started, they have appointed
different personnels to keep a track of jewelries sold, orders given and inventory
required. With the expansion of business in different cities, Ghanshyam Das and Sons
Jewellers are now finding it difficult to manage/ track the details at global level and to
get an overview of Jewellery details across all stores of various cities. They contacted a
solution providing firm to get solution of the same and were told to shift their business
to Cloud wherein, all the operations of different stores can be monitored/detailed out
very easily.
Discuss how migrating to Cloud will help Ghanshyam Das and Sons Jewellers to
smoothen up the process of monitoring/tracking details from one location for other
stores across various cities. Also, discuss which types of cloud and cloud service will be
suitable or their organization. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s competitive business landscape, scalability and efficiency are pivotal for the
growth and expansion of enterprises. Ghanshyam Das and Sons Jewellers, a prominent
jewelry chain, started as a small shop in Delhi and, over the years, burgeoned into multiple
branches across India. Their journey is emblematic of the quintessential Indian dream of
transforming a modest endeavor into a pan-Indian enterprise. However, with expansion
comes the intrinsic challenge of maintaining consistency, overseeing operations, and ensuring
seamless communication among branches. With every branch potentially employing its own
local system to track inventory, sales, and orders, the overarching view becomes muddled,
leading to inefficiencies. The solution, as proposed, lies in the realm of cloud computing.
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Q.2) E-Commerce has gained boom more after the digital payment initiative was
emphasized for usage in recent years. Most of the retailers are using these platforms to
sell their products. Discuss how the retailers are getting benefitted by choosing these e-
commerce platforms. Which type of sellers are being benefitted most by choosing the e-
commerce platform (Explain with help of some Statistics by taking references from
some E-commerce websites). Discuss your views for all the above points by choosing any
one E-Commerce platform as an example. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
E-commerce, or the act of buying and selling goods and services online, has become an
integral part of the global retail infrastructure. With the inception and proliferation of digital
payment systems, e-commerce has experienced a significant surge in its adoption. These
digital payment initiatives not only offer a safer, more efficient way of transacting but have
also revolutionized the very nature of retail by reducing barriers to entry. While traditional
retail required significant capital for physical storefronts, e-commerce platforms have
democratized this space, allowing even small retailers to reach global audiences. The question
isn’t just about how e-commerce benefits retailers, but which retailers stand to gain the most
Q.3) Horizon Technology is new IT Company with the motive of providing solutions to
different Organisations by catering to their specific product requirements. This
Company has received the Project Development Task which is not much Complex in
nature and the requirements are also to some extent clear. As a new venture, this
organization is not fully aware of the different vulnerabilities and threats to its data.
Considering the above scenarios, discuss the following:
a) What can be the various threats and vulnerabilities to the organization? What are the
security measures that need to be adopted by Horizon Technology for avoiding the
same? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In today’s interconnected digital landscape, IT companies, irrespective of their size or tenure,
face an array of security threats and vulnerabilities. For a nascent organization like Horizon
Technology, navigating this complex terrain becomes especially challenging due to limited
exposure and perhaps a lack of dedicated resources. With a clear project on their horizon and
a commitment to their clients, understanding and mitigating these threats becomes paramount
b) Discuss which Software Development Life Cycle model needs to be implemented and
why by Horizon Technology for development of the Project stated in the Scenario. (5
marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a framework that describes the stages
involved in the development of software from its initial feasibility study to its maintenance
post-deployment. Choosing the appropriate SDLC model is crucial for any IT company as it
sets the tone for how the project will progress. For Horizon Technology, considering they
Insurance & Risk Management
December 2023 Examination
1. Whenever any Human being as insured opts for any kind of Insurance Cover from
Insurer as Insurance Company, what could be the most important features/ principles
for Insurance Contract? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction:
Insurance, a cornerstone of modern financial planning, operates as a safety net, cushioning
individuals and entities against unforeseen adversities. At its heart, an insurance contract
represents a mutual agreement where the insurer commits to compensating the insured against
specific losses, in exchange for a premium. However, the efficacy of this agreement rests on a
set of core features and principles that uphold the sanctity of the contract, ensuring it serves
its purpose effectively. These fundamental principles not only underpin the contract’s
legitimacy but also govern the interactions between the insured and the insurer, ensuring
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2. Apart from the Life Insurance, what could be other Facets of Insurance seen in
General Society? Elaborate the common benchmarks (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction:
Insurance, in its essence, is a protective financial shield designed to provide a safety net
against unforeseen risks and damages. While life insurance remains paramount, safeguarding
the financial interests of an individual’s dependents, the insurance sphere extends far beyond.
In a general societal setting, various facets of insurance address myriad risks, ranging from
physical assets to potential legal liabilities. These insurances not only preserve the economic
stability of individuals but also ensure the uninterrupted functioning of societies. By
comprehending these different dimensions, one can appreciate the expansive nature of
3a.) How the Risk Management process can be more advantageous for Human as well
as for Organization? Explain from Risk Management paradigm point of view (5
Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Risk management, a systematic process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential
adverse outcomes, is foundational to both individuals and organizations. From the Risk
Management paradigm perspective, its significance is manifold, acting as a linchpin that
ensures not only financial stability but also the overall well-being and sustainability of
3b) How an Insurance Function can be elaborated as Production cum Marketing
Agency? Elaborate the views. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
At its core, insurance functions as a safeguard against uncertainties, providing financial cover
for unpredictable events. However, when examined closely, the insurance industry showcases
attributes that liken it to a production cum marketing agency. Its dualistic role involves not
only creating (producing) insurance products tailored to consumers’ needs but also promoting
Insurance & Risk Management
December 2023 Examination
1. Whenever any Human being as insured opts for any kind of Insurance Cover from
Insurer as Insurance Company, what could be the most important features/ principles for
Insurance Contract? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Insurance is a financial tool that gives individuals and organizations a sense of security and
safety against various risks and uncertainties that lifestyles may deliver. The concept of
insurance dates back centuries, evolving from simple agreements among communities to
complex legal contracts provided by insurance companies.
At its core, insurance involves transferring risk from an individual or entity to an insurer. This
switch allows for the pooling of risks from multiple policyholders, enabling the insurer to spread
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2. Apart from the Life Insurance, what could be other Facets of Insurance seen in General
Society? Elaborate the common benchmarks. (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Insurance is a fundamental aspect of modern society, serving as a safety net that provides
financial protection against various risks and uncertainties that individuals and organizations
face. While lifestyle insurance is a well-known aspect, several other facets of insurance play
pivotal roles in safeguarding individuals, agencies, and assets. Those diverse facets of insurance
have evolved to address our ever-changing world’s specific needs and challenges.
Insurance is a contract between an individual or organization (the policyholder) and an insurance
company (the insurer). In exchange for regular premium payments, the insurer agrees to provide
financial compensation or coverage in the event of an exact loss, damage, or occurrence. This
3. a.) How the Risk Management process can be more advantageous for Human as well as
for Organization? Explain from Risk Management paradigm point of view (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Risk control is a fundamental and indispensable practice for organizations and individuals alike
in navigating the complexities of an uncertain international. It involves identifying, assessing,
and prioritizing potential risks, followed by coordinated efforts to minimize, reveal, and control
them. From a broader perspective, danger management fortifies organizational resilience,
enhances decision-making, and ensures sustainability. It also gives individuals a structured
3. b) How an Insurance Function can be elaborated as Production cum Marketing Agency?
Elaborate the views. (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
The insurance industry is a critical sector of the economy that provides financial protection and
chance control for individuals, corporations, and various institutions. Coverage businesses
traditionally focus on underwriting policies, risk assessment, and claims management. However,
integrating production and marketing into the insurance function has become increasingly
Integrated Marketing Communications
December 2023 Examination
Q.1) A looks into ‘Barbie’s’ $150-million genius marketing campaign:
No one walking into the theater actually knew what the Barbie movie was going to be
about, but everyone went anyway—dressed in pink.
The phrase “Barbie is everything” is true. Barbie pink and the iconic logo have been
practically everywhere and on everything since Warner Bros. dropped a first look in
April 2022 of Margot Robbie as Barbie sitting in her pink convertible. It’s estimated
that over
$150 million was spent on the film’s marketing campaign, more than its production
budget of $145 million, Vanity Fair reported.
Barbie marketing included everything from an Airbnb Barbie DreamHouse rental and
a Barbie boat cruise on the Boston Harbor, to pink burgers at Burger Kings in Brazil
and Progressive insurance commercials.
More traditional marketing came in the forms of teaser trailers reminiscent of 2001: A
Space Odyssey, Times Square billboards, and an Instagram countdown to opening
night.
“I won’t comment on the budget,” Josh Goldstein, Warner Bros. president of global
marketing, told Vanity Fair. “The reason people think we spent so much is that it’s so
ubiquitous. That’s a combination of paid media and how many partners came to play
with us. Because it pierced the zeitgeist, it has the impression that we spend so much. In
fact, we spent responsibly for an event movie.”
Elaborate on how has Barbie Movie has successfully Incorporated the AIDA Model of
Advertising from the mentioned campaign (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In the dynamic world of marketing and marketing, wherein creativity and innovation are
paramount, the Barbie movie’s $150 million marketing campaign is a shining instance of
strategic brilliance. The artwork, interest, choice, and motion (AIDA) model is an essential
framework in advertising, outlining the stages a patron goes through before buying. This
essay explores how the Barbie film marketing campaign meticulously carried out the AIDA
version to generate curiosity, captivate interest, stimulate desire, and incite movement
amongst its target audience.
Concept & Application
1. Attention (Art)
The AIDA model initiates with grabbing attention, which the Barbie marketing campaign
excelled at. The revelation of Margot Robbie as Barbie, seated in her iconic pink convertible,
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Q.2) you are appointed as a Manager to overview the Marketing aspects of the new line
of IPhone 15 series. You are expected to design a unique Service marketing Mix for the
new lineup. (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
The iPhone 15 series is poised to be a game-changer in the smartphone market. Because I am
the appointed manager overseeing the advertising components of this new lineup, I am
thrilled to provide a unique carrier advertising blend explicitly tailor-made for this
groundbreaking product range.
Concept & application
Apple Inc. has constantly been at the forefront of innovation, putting new layouts, eras, and
personal enjoyment standards. The iPhone 15 series keeps this subculture by pushing the
limits of what a smartphone can do. In this comprehensive marketing approach, we can
Q.3) Nuclear families, urban rush to boost retail sales
India is expected to be the world’s third-largest consumer market by 2030, trailing
behind China and the US, with 65% of the country’s population remaining the key
consuming cohort of 15-59 years.
CEOs from leading FMCG companies told TOI they expect the emergence of nuclear
families to boost demand for products premium detergents.
Several studies have shown how urbanisation is going to accelerate, thus bolstering
demand for consumer products. Now, a report by Deloitte shows how this trend will
also drive the retail sector. By 2030, India is set to add 110 million middle-income
households (currently at 190 million) and 14 million high-income households (at 15
million now). It defines middle-income households as those earning between Rs 3-30
lakh per annum,
while high-income category makes over Rs 30 lakh
In a recent interview with TOI, Nitin Paranipe, chairman, Hindustan Unilever (HUL),
said urbanisation (percentage of the population staying in urban areas) is a big trend
that can boost consumption. “When somebody moves from a joint family to a nuclear
family, the consumption of that household grows by 20%,” he said.
a. Taking the above case in hand, what can be barriers to an IMC campaign? (5 Marks)
Ans :
Introduction:
Creating an integrated marketing communication (IMC) campaign for consumer products
targeting the evolving consumer market in India, as mentioned in the provided scenario,
involves understanding the market dynamics, consumer behaviors, and potential obstacles
that would impact the campaign’s success. Beneath, I can outline the potential barriers to an
b. “Several studies have shown how urbanisation is going to accelerate, thus bolstering
demand for consumer products.” How can HUL accelerate its product growth using the
STP Analysis? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Unleashing Growth: HUL’s STP Strategy in India’s Evolving Consumer Landscape
Introduction:
In the fast-evolving customer market of India, Hindustan Unilever (HUL) stands at the
forefront, navigating through a dynamic landscape characterized by fast urbanization, the
emergence of nuclear families, and an expanding center and excessive-income population.
This necessitates a strategic approach that aligns with the shifting demographics and
consumer behaviors. One strategic framework that can resource HUL in capitalizing on those
International Banking & Foreign Exchange Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Mr. Patel, a resident of India, frequently travels abroad for business purposes and
earns foreign income. He wants to know more about Resident Foreign Currency (RFC)
and Exchange Earners’ Foreign Currency (EEFC) accounts to manage his foreign
earnings efficiently. Distinguish between Resident Foreign Currency Account and
Exchange Earners Foreign Currency account. Mr. Patel is an exporter and earns
foreign income in USD. He is interested in opening an Exchange Earners’ Foreign
Currency (EEFC) account. Describe the purpose and benefits of an EEFC account for
Mr. Patel, and how he can utilize it effectively. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The internationalization of businesses has necessitated the development of banking facilities
that cater to the needs of those who earn in foreign currencies. In India, catering to such
needs, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced two primary types of accounts,
namely the Resident Foreign Currency (RFC) and the Exchange Earners’ Foreign Currency
(EEFC) accounts. These accounts are designed to facilitate the financial requirements of
individuals like Mr. Patel, who frequently travel abroad and earn in foreign currencies. Both
these accounts are instruments to manage foreign earnings efficiently, each serving a distinct
purpose. While the RFC account provides flexibility for residents who once had a Non-
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Q2. Explain the role and functions of international financial institutions such as the
Asian Development Bank (ADB), BRICS New Development Bank (NDB), World Bank,
and International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the global economy. Provide examples of
their initiatives and projects to promote economic development and financial stability in
different regions. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The world today functions as a global village, where interdependence and connectivity
between nations have heightened due to advancements in technology and transportation.
Amidst this global interplay, international financial institutions serve as the backbone,
bridging financial disparities and promoting holistic development. Institutions like the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), BRICS New Development Bank (NDB), World Bank, and
International Monetary Fund (IMF) play pivotal roles in steering the economic direction of
nations and ensuring their stability. From funding infrastructural projects to aiding countries
during financial crises, these organizations foster the global economic landscape, acting as
Q3. ABC Corp, a multinational company, operates in both the United States and
Europe. The company frequently engages in currency exchange transactions to manage
its international operations efficiently. Recently, the company had to exchange a
significant amount of euros (EUR) to US dollars (USD) and vice versa.
a) ABC Corp has received a payment of 500,000 euros (EUR) from a European client.
Calculate the equivalent amount in US dollars (USD) using the direct quote method,
given the exchange rate is 1 EUR = 1.20 USD. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Currency exchange is an integral part of international business operations, allowing
companies to transact effortlessly across borders. For a multinational entity like ABC Corp,
understanding and utilizing currency exchange rates is vital to ensure financial stability and
profitability in its global ventures. This examination revolves around the conversion of euros
b) On the same day, ABC Corp needs to pay its European suppliers 250,000 euros
(EUR). Calculate the equivalent amount in US dollars (USD) using the indirect quote
method, given the exchange rate is 1 USD = 0.85 EUR. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction:
In a globalized world, international financial transactions often require businesses to convert
currencies. For multinational companies like ABC Corp, understanding both direct and
indirect quote methods for currency exchange becomes pivotal. This analysis pertains to
converting a certain amount of US dollars to euros using the indirect quote method, based on
International Business
December 2023 Examination
Q1. In our country many products from China dominate our markets and have made
production unprofitable for Indian manufacturers. In your opinion should we allow the
entry of Chinese products in our country? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The globalization era has ushered in a wave of interconnectedness, where products from one
corner of the world can easily find their way to another. One such dominant force in the
global market is China, often dubbed as the “world’s factory.” With its vast manufacturing
capabilities, China has managed to export a plethora of products worldwide, including India.
The influx of Chinese products in the Indian market has been a topic of debate for
policymakers, economists, and the general public alike. On one hand, Chinese products,
known for their affordability and variety, have found a vast consumer base in India. They
cater to a wide range of needs, from electronics to toys, and from home appliances to
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Q2. Countries like US have at times stated “America First” as their policy. Do you
consider that our country should adopt “India First” policy? In this context, explain
how countries can create barriers to promote their own products. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In an era of globalization, where the world is more interconnected than ever, the idea of
prioritizing one’s own nation over others has gained traction in various countries. The
“America First” policy, as advocated by the U.S., is a prime example of this nationalist
approach. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing national interests, economic selfreliance,
and
self-sustainability.
Similarly,
the
question
arises:
Should
India
adopt
an
“India

First”

policy? As the world’s largest democracy with a diverse population and a rapidly
growing economy, India stands at a unique crossroads. Balancing its global commitments
Q3. Read the following case study carefully and then answer the questions that follow:
A BBC anchor remark on India while discussing ISRO’s historic lunar mission –
Chandrayaan-3. The anchor asked question to a person who was reporting from India –
whether India should really be spending money on a space program the size of
Chandrayaan-3 in the wake of poverty in the nation. He claimed much of
India’s population lives in poverty and over 700 million Indians don’t have access to a
toilet.
An Indian Industrialist tweeted that a large part, our poverty was a result of decades of
colonial rule, which systematically plundered the wealth of an entire subcontinent. Yet
the most valuable possession we were robbed of was not the Kohinoor Diamond but our
pride & belief in our own capabilities.
Ironically India is home to the largest number of hungry people. Around 213 million go
hungry and are malnourished people as they do not get proper two meals a day. Food
distribution channels are weak and about 10 % of the stored food grains is being wasted
and eaten up by rats and birds while human population is deprived of food.
a) Explain whether India should continue to fund space programs, and do
International business in space technology to other countries, or invest in making of
Toilets? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
India’s space endeavors, epitomized by the Chandrayaan-3 mission, have often been
juxtaposed against the backdrop of its socio-economic challenges. The debate centers around
the allocation of resources: should a nation with significant poverty and infrastructural
challenges invest in ambitious space programs? This question touches upon the broader
b) Explain whether India should continue to export food grains to various other
countries? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
India, often referred to as the ‘granary of the world’, has been a significant exporter of food
grains. While the country boasts of abundant agricultural produce, it simultaneously grapples
with issues of hunger, malnutrition, and food wastage. This dichotomy raises a pertinent
question: Should India continue exporting food grains to other countries when there are
International Finance
December 2023 Examination
1. How International Finance as a Subject covers most of Crucial aspects of Macro
Economics andGlobal Financial Management as a whole? Elaborate the views (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
International Finance, at its core, bridges the realms of macroeconomics and global financial
management, crafting a symbiotic relationship between the two. On one hand,
macroeconomics lays down the broad framework of how economies function, delving into
aspects like monetary policy, fiscal policy, and economic growth. On the other, global
financial management digs deeper into how corporations and institutions navigate the
complex web of international monetary systems, capital markets, and foreign exchange.
International Finance stands at this intersection, offering a panoramic view of the global
economic landscape. It not only contextualizes the intricate dance between countries’
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2. Before Mint Parity system in last few decades, which System was prevalent &
accepted by closeto 50 Countries Delegates in International Finance regime for Foreign
Trade & Exchange Rate? Explain the paradigm (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Before the mint parity system gained prominence in international finance, a pivotal system
existed that reshaped the post-World War II global economic landscape: The Bretton Woods
System. In 1944, representatives from 44 allied nations convened in the tranquil town of
Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to establish a new monetary order. The world, recovering
from the shocks of war and seeking to avoid the mistakes of the inter-war period, particularly
the economic policies that led to the Great Depression, needed a stable framework. The
Bretton Woods Conference aimed to develop a cooperative approach to international
3a) Out of many Theories of International Trade & Finance, which Theory stands out
as most differentand Why? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Throughout history, numerous theories have sought to explain the intricacies of international
trade and finance. From classical theories like Adam Smith’s absolute advantage to David
Ricardo’s comparative advantage, economists have delved deep into understanding the
dynamics of global trade. However, one theory distinctly veers from the traditional trade
paradigms: the theory of “Mercantilism.” Its tenets and rationale position it distinctly, making
3b) Explain which Foreign Bank Account can be termed as Fundamentally most
Important in Foreign Transactions? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the realm of international finance and trade, efficient and secure banking mechanisms are
paramount. When discussing foreign transactions, there is a particular type of bank account
that plays a pivotal role in facilitating global business activities and ensuring smooth financial
transactions between countries: the “Nostro Account.” Its centrality to international banking
International HR Practices
December 2023 Examination
Q1. STPL Steel India Limited, planning to set up its manufacturing plant in Vietnam.
You have been appointed as a Global HR Head of the company on undertaking
International Human Resource Planning.
Explain important issues and challenges of Human Resources Planning at global level,
Which you will be addressing in a meeting with management. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
International Human Resource Planning (IHRP) is integral to the success of any organization
that aims to set its footprints on foreign soil. As STPL Steel India Limited ventures into
establishing its manufacturing plant in Vietnam, the complexities of IHRP cannot be
understated. Vietnam, with its unique socio-cultural, economic, and legal landscape, poses a
distinctive set of challenges for HR practices. Planning human resources at a global level
transcends the mere understanding of domestic HR methods and delves deep into blending
organizational goals with host-country nuances. The objective of IHRP is to ensure the right
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Q2. XYZ Limited an Indian-based IT company opens a subsidiary in Germany. Many
employees applied for Internal Job postings and out of 20 applicants, 3 got the
opportunity to work in a German subsidiary. After 4 months, one of the employees
wishes to come back to their home country and he reaches out to you (the HR team). He
says it’s difficult for him to sustain in Germany with the current compensation as the
cost-of-living rising day-by-dayand too high to stay in Europe.
You did review the situation. What are the causes you could identify and how will you
address them? What factors could have been considered before moving employees to a
foreign subsidiary? Which approach or structure of international compensation, does
theCompany could have been offered to the ex-pats? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the realm of international HR practices, transferring employees between home and host
countries is a customary occurrence. Such transfers, typically termed as expatriate
assignments, can be instrumental in aligning business operations, sharing knowledge, and
strengthening company culture across borders. However, as seen in the case of XYZ
Limited’s expansion to Germany, challenges related to the alignment of compensation with
the cost of living in the host country can arise. The complexity of designing a fair and
Q3. Ace Engineering is Mumbai, India-based heavy engineering company specializing
intransformer manufacturing and setup projects. It’s now planning to set up a project
management office in Warsaw, Poland. For this, there will be a team of 15 project
experts moving from India and 2 from France to Poland for 6 months and will return to
theirhome countries after 6 months, including a senior manager coming from France.
a. How will you (in the Global HR role) plan and prepare for the repatriation processfor
these returnees? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Repatriation, the process of returning employees from international assignments back to their
home countries, is a critical phase in the expatriate life cycle. Ace Engineering’s initiative to
set up a project management office in Warsaw entails a short-term international assignment,
but the potential challenges of reintegrating these experts post-assignment are as profound as
b. What could be the challenges faced by repatriates while returning to their
homeland? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Repatriation, or the process of returning expatriates to their home countries after international
assignments, often appears straightforward. However, it is laden with its unique set of
challenges. While most companies meticulously plan the process of sending employees on
overseas assignments, the reverse journey is often overlooked. The case of Ace Engineering’s
International Logistics & Supply Chain Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. An Indian tea estate based in Assam auctions its tea leaves to beverage companies
who process the tea leaves into their brands of tea powder & instant tea premixes for
sale in different consumer markets. The management of the tea estate has decided to
embark on forward integration of tea processing and launching their own brand of tea
powder & instant tea premixes to be sold pan India. It is confident of seeing stable,
strong demand for its new brand of tea after the initial introductory phase during which
the demand could be low and require promoting & pushing the product in the market.
How can the tea estate go about its supply chain planning, and suggest appropriate
supply chain strategy / strategies for its forward integration project. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The tea industry in India, particularly the estates in Assam, has a storied history of cultivating
leaves that are both aromatic and sought-after globally. Historically, these estates have acted
as mere suppliers, auctioning their precious leaves to beverage companies who process and
market them under various brand names. However, the evolution in market dynamics and the
rising tide of direct-to-consumer trends have now prompted these estates to rethink their
strategies. The decision by the tea estate in Assam to embrace forward integration, moving
beyond cultivation to processing and brand creation, exemplifies this transformative shift.
This strategy would not only enhance their profit margins by capturing the value addition but
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Q2. An Indian chemical company is planning to expand its markets by exporting its
products to the European market. What are the various factors it must consider in
planning the logistics for the exports, and suggest the appropriate choice of logistics
strategy (in-house / outsourcing, etc.) for the same. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Expanding into international markets is a significant milestone for any company, especially
when considering the complexities of logistics in the European market. For an Indian
chemical company seeking to export its products to Europe, it’s crucial to understand that
successful logistics planning can be a decisive factor in achieving market penetration and
maintaining competitiveness. The European market, known for its stringent regulations,
diverse geography, and varied customer demands, requires meticulous attention to detail in
logistics planning.
The logistics strategy chosen must not only ensure timely and cost-effective deliveries but
also guarantee adherence to European Union (EU) regulations, which are stringent in areas
Q3. An Indian manufacturer of home appliances sources raw material & components
from suppliers in India & China.
a. Compare the various options of transportation modes to source the required raw
material & components explain the choice of the appropriate transportation modes for
the same. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Sourcing raw materials and components is a critical aspect of the supply chain for an Indian
manufacturer of home appliances. To ensure a smooth and efficient supply chain, the choice
of transportation modes is paramount. The manufacturer must consider factors like cost, lead
time, reliability, and the nature of the materials/components being sourced, especially when
dealing with suppliers in both India and China. This comparison explores various
transportation options and provides insights into selecting the most appropriate modes for
b. The manufacturer plans to launch its range of smart home appliances for which it
will need to import chips from reliable suppliers abroad. From which countries
can the manufacturer source such chips? How can it facilitate such procurement
process over the long term in a consistent & reliable manner? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Sourcing reliable semiconductor chips is crucial for the Indian manufacturer planning to
launch its range of smart home appliances. These chips serve as the brains behind smart
features, and the procurement process should ensure a consistent and reliable supply.
Identifying potential chip-supplying countries and establishing a sustainable procurement
International Marketing
December 2023 Examination
Q.1. Starbucks certifies the first greener store in UK There were 35,711 thousand
Starbucks stores worldwide in 2022. When looking at Starbucks stores by country the
most Starbucks stores were located in the U.S., the company’s home nation. In 2022,
there were more than 15 thousand Starbucks locations in the U.S. alone. In 2023 it
opens its first GREEN STORE in the UK.
Why do you think Starbucks is emphasising on opening more green stores? Do you
think this sustainability initiative of Starbucks will help in improving its brand image
and make it more favoured brand or will help in company expansion? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Starbucks, the globally famous coffeehouse chain, has long been a dominant force in the
espresso industry, boasting thousands of shops globally. In 2023, the company completed a
significant milestone by opening its first green save inside the United Kingdom. This
strategic move aligns with Starbucks’ commitment to sustainability and environmental
responsibility. The global coffee giant’s selection to emphasize green shops reflects a
multifaceted approach to enhance its logo image and facilitate company expansion. This
essay delves into the reasons behind Starbucks’ emphasis on green shops, explores the
concept and application of this sustainability initiative, and concludes with an assessment of
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Q2. SOBHA Reality stands for luxurious living. In 1994 Shobha limited was founded to
cater to the Indian real estate market and offer superior quality development and
construction projects. SOBHA has established itself as a multinational real estate and
construction group and is expanding its presence in the UAE with SOBHA Hartland
Project in Dubai.
Explain the various internal and external environment factors that SOBHA reality
would have analysed before entering the UAE market. (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In 1994, SOBHA Limited was established in India to redefine the real estate sector by
delivering superior-best development and construction tasks. Over the years, SOBHA has
become a multinational actual estate and construction group, embodying costly living through
its high-give-up studies. Expanding its horizons, SOBHA entered the UAE market, a
significant step towards its international expansion, with the introduction of the SOBHA
Hartland project in Dubai. This entry marked a strategic move into the competitive actual
estate market of the United Arab Emirates.
Analyzing the External Environment
1. Market Analysis:

Q3. AZORTE: the go-to-destination for fashion forward customers in new India.
India’s first fashion Neo Store. At every AZORTE store the customer can discover a
unique shopping experience, enjoy the ease of tech-assisted shopping with smart trial
rooms, scan & go with mobile, fashion discovery stations and self-checkout kiosks.
a. How is AZORTE marketing itself as being different from the regular apparel stores
in operations? (5 marks)
Ans :
Introduction
India, a vibrant and diverse nation, boasts a burgeoning fashion retail industry that mirrors its
rich cultural tapestry. Over time, the Indian population has changed its shopping habits and
preferences, resulting in a heightened call for style-ahead garb. Amidst this evolving
panorama, AZORTE emerges as a trailblazer, promising an extraordinary retail experience.
In a rustic where traditional garb shops have long been the norm, AZORTE introduces a
b. Do you think AZORTE can be globally expanded and taken to countries like
Pakistan, Nepal and Sri lanka? What according to you will be the best expansion
model? (5 marks)
Ans :
Introduction
Within the colorful landscape of Indian retail, AZORTE stands as a beacon of innovation and
modernity, redefining the style shopping revels in. AZORTE isn’t just another style shop but
a paradigm shift in how customers engage with style. India, a rustic steeped in history and
culture, is embracing a contemporary typing method, and AZORTE is at the forefront of this
International Marketing
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Your company is a manufacturer of Incense sticks, also called Agarbatti, from India
and are keen on expanding your business globally. Discuss the challenges of marketing
your product globally. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The global marketplace offers an array of opportunities for businesses seeking to expand
beyond their domestic boundaries. The incense stick, or ‘Agarbatti’ as it is traditionally called
in India, is a product with profound cultural and spiritual significance. Originating from the
Indian subcontinent, Agarbattis have been an integral part of religious rituals, meditation
practices, and even for aroma in households for centuries. As a manufacturer from India, the
ambition to take this product globally is both exciting and challenging. The essence of the
Agarbatti does not merely lie in its fragrance but also in the cultural connotations it carries.
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Q2. The government of India initiative is to encourage local industry and consume as
locally as possible, and to use the long-term effects of increased demand to develop
domestic industry and gradually become self-sufficient. “Vocal for Local” is a term that
is having resonance with countries today to promote Local consumption. In your view is
it positive for nations to produce locally and avoid globalization? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In an era of rapid globalization, where interdependencies between countries are celebrated for
shared economic prosperity, the emergence of movements such as “Vocal for Local” can be
viewed as a contrarian shift. Stemming from the Indian government’s initiative, this slogan
emphasizes the significance of endorsing and consuming local goods. The primary objective
is to bolster local industries, leading them to self-sufficiency while attenuating dependence on
global supply chains. While globalization has brought immense advantages in
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Q3. Read the following case study carefully and then answer the questions that follow:
Chinese e-commerce platforms ship these goods ordered by Indians by claiming them to
be “gifts” as those under Rs 5,000 are not subjected to customs duty. Authorities have
seized many such shipments trying to evade customs duty. Chinese retailers like Club
Factory, Ali Express and Shein will be affected the most by this move. To reduce these
illegal imports, the tax department is planning to charge a mix of integrated goods and
services tax (IGST) and customs duty on products ordered from Chinese e-commerce
companies and will impose it on buyers at the payment stage, sources said to the paper.
“The government is looking to bring in payment gateways on board on the scheme and
when the consumer pays the money, IGST and customs duty will be included in the
price,” said one source to the paper. Since the government started its crackdown on the
imports from Chinese e-tailers, the numbers have gone down. According to a
Bloomberg report taken from a customs document, imports of shipment worth below Rs
1,00,000 has fallen sharply by 55 percent in Mumbai.
a) What in your opinion should the Government of India take measures to stop the
malpractice by Chinese firms? (5marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The rapid growth of e-commerce has not only provided convenience to consumers but has
also introduced new challenges in international trade and customs regulations. Chinese ecommerce

platforms’ strategy of shipping goods to India labeled as “gifts” to circumvent
customs duties illuminates a gray area in international commerce. While such strategies might
boost sales for these platforms, they undermine the local economic structure and evade
b) Explain antidumping duty and how can the Government apply these duties without
violating the WTO rules, of Free Trade. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the realm of international trade, one of the contentious topics is the practice of dumping –
where a country exports a product at a price lower than its domestic market price. This can
harm the importing country’s domestic industry. To counteract such practices and protect
domestic industries, governments impose antidumping duties. However, while doing so,
Introduction to Analytics
December 2023 Examination
1. In today’s fiercely competitive sporting landscape, analytics has emerged as a gamechanger.
Sports
teams
now
leverage
data-driven
insights
to
gain
a
competitive
edge
and

engage
their
fan
base.
This
assignment
focuses
on
applying
sports
analytics
in
a
sport
of

your

choice, highlighting how it revolutionizes performance analysis and strategic
decision-making. Select a sport of your choice and elaborate on using sports analytics
within that sport. Explain how analytics is harnessed to enhance player performance,
formulate game strategies, and give fans in-depth insights into team dynamics and
outcomes. (10 marks)
Ans :
Introduction:
In the latest dynamic and fiercely competitive sporting landscape, the position of analytics
has profoundly evolved. Gone are the days when sports were primarily based on gut emotions
and private observations. The present-day sports industry has embraced the power of data and
analytics to revolutionize performance analysis and strategic choice-making and engage the
fan base on a deeper level. This assignment illustrates the transformative effect of sports
activities analytics within basketball, a recreation that increasingly adopts facts-driven
techniques to decorate participants’ overall performance, formulate recreation strategies, and
provide fans with in-depth insights into team dynamics and outcomes.
With its fast-paced nature and complex gameplay, basketball provides an excellent setting for
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2. Malkan Inn, a prominent hotel chain in the UK, experienced unprecedented success
with its mobile app, driving substantial revenue growth. This achievement was
attributed to mobile data analytics provided by Fable, a mobile innovation agency. This
assignment delves into the multifaceted information that Fable’s mobile data analytics
can help Malkan Inn achieve, leading to the remarkable success of its mobile app.
Explain the various types of information that Fable, the mobile innovation agency, can
help Malkan Inn achieve through mobile data analytics. Highlight the role of this
information in the success of the Malkan Inn mobile app. analytics. (10 marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Technology has become a paramount driving force of achievement within the rapidly
evolving hospitality enterprise panorama. One such technological advancement is the advent
of cell applications, a transformative device permitting groups to attain and interact with their
target market in extraordinary ways. Malkan Inn, a distinguished lodge chain in the UK,
experienced an outstanding surge in revenue and success due to its cell app. This success was
drastically bolstered by utilizing mobile facts analytics supplied by Delusion, a renowned
cellular innovation agency. Fantasy’s expertise in harnessing and interpreting cellular data
3. In today’s dynamic business landscape, the food industry has experienced a paradigm
shift with the emergence of food-tech startups. These startups leverage technology to
provide convenient food delivery options, catering to the changing preferences of
consumers. Against the backdrop of the burgeoning food-tech market in India, this
assignment explores how food-tech startups can employ location-based tracking tools
and real-time analytics to gain valuable insights and enhance their operations.
A. Explain how food-tech startups can harness the potential of location-based tracking
tools and real-time analytics tools to gain better insights and elevate their operations.
Highlight the significance of these tools in the context of the growing food-tech market.
(5 marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In today’s fast-paced business panorama, the meals industry is remodeling, propelled by the
rise of food-tech startups. These startups ingeniously utilize era to streamline operations and
cater to evolving consumer possibilities. A vital aspect of this technological advancement is
integrating vicinity-primarily based tracking gear and real-time analytics, enabling meals-tech
startups to optimize operations and decorate customer experiences. This assignment delves
into the modern methods food-tech startups can use and highlights their significance within
B. Elaborate on how implementing predictive analytics can enhance business outcomes
at a food-tech startup. (5 marks)
Ans :
Introduction
The food industry is witnessing a paradigm shift pushed by technological advancements in a
trendy, fast-paced, dynamic business landscape. Food-tech startups have emerged as critical
gamers, leveraging technology to revolutionize food practice, shipping, and intake. Those
startups are reworking traditional models with various tools and technologies to align with
cutting-edge clients’ evolving preferences and expectations. One such powerful device is
Introduction to Python
December 2023 Examination
1) Write a Python function that takes a string as input and returns a new string that
contains only the unique characters from the input string, in the order they first appear.
Also Display the both input string, output string and the character that are not unique?
(10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction to Python
Python is a popular high-level programming language known for its simplicity, versatility,
and readability. It was created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. Python has
gained immense popularity in various domains, including net development, information
analysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and more. Its syntax allows
programmers to explicit concepts in fewer lines of code than languages like C++ or Java.
Python is an interpreted, item-oriented, and dynamically typed language. It supports multiple
programming paradigms, such as procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
Python’s extensive, well-known library affords modules and features that cover a wide range
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2) Explain the difference between array and object with the help of example. Write a
code to save your name, roll number and subject into an array and copy in another
array? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Python, a versatile and powerful programming language, has become a cornerstone of
modern software development, records analysis, artificial intelligence, and internet
applications. Its popularity stems from its simplicity, readability, and an extensive range of
libraries and frameworks. Python was created by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991,
evolving into a sturdy, open-source language that supports multiple programming paradigms.
This introductory section will overview Python’s history, features, and significance in
3) An IoT system is being developed that collects sensor data from multiple devices and
processes it in realtime. The system developers need a way to analyze and manipulate
large amounts of sensor data efficiently. After researching different libraries, they
decide to use NumPy for its array manipulation capabilities.
Problem
The system developers need to write code that can process and analyze sensor data
using NumPy. They have a sample data file that they want to use for testing. So, you as
a part of the team, are required to perform various analysis on sensor data such as:
1. Import the necessary libraries.
2. Load the sensor data into a NumPy array.
3. Calculate basic statistics for the sensor data.
4. Filter the sensor data.
5. Analyze the distribution of the sensor data.
6. Save the processed data.
Using Numpy for Sensor Data Analysis in an IoT System. Demonstrate the above steps
for the problem using python code and answer the following question.
QUESTIONS
a. What is NumPy and why is it useful for data analysis in IoT systems? Using NumPy,
calculate basic statistics for sensor data and filter sensor data? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Inside the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, the net of things (IoT) has emerged as a
transformative force, connecting a significant array of devices to the internet, permitting them
to collect and change statistics. Green processing and evaluation of the great quantity of
sensor information generated via IoT gadgets are paramount in this paradigm. Python, a
flexible and broadly used programming language, offers a practical library called NumPy,
b. How can NumPy be used to analyze the distribution of sensor data? Can NumPy be
used with other Python libraries commonly used in IoT systems, such as Pandas? If so,
how? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In the realm of IoT (net of things), the assimilation and interpretation of sensor records play a
pivotal function in extracting meaningful insights and facilitating real-time decision-making.
One of the fundamental aspects of handling sensor information is green manipulation and
analysis, especially when dealing with substantial volumes of records. NumPy, a powerful
Introduction to Retail
December 2023 Examination
1. The term ‘retail sales by ownership’ refers to the basic system or basic format of doing
business. In India, around 12 million retail outlets are covered under this format. Under
this format, proprietor is responsible for the success and failure of the store. Considering
the fact, appraise the different types of retail institution by ownership and also bring about
for a company named Papa John’s what format must be taken and why do you believe this
format would do justice?
Ans:
Introduction
Retail sales by ownership check with the essential structure or layout in which businesses operate
within the retail area. In India, this format encompasses around 12 million retail outlets, and it
places the responsibility for the success and failure of a store squarely on the owner. This essay
explores the various types of retail institutions by using possession to examine their traits and
implications. Moreover, it’ll delve into the suitable ownership format for Papa John’s, a
renowned pizza chain, elucidating why it might be appropriate and beneficial.
The retail sector is vital to the Indian economy, contributing drastically to employment and
overall economic increase. The possession structure of retail establishments plays a pivotal
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2. Non-store retailing is the selling of goods and services outside the confines of a retail
facility. It is a generic term describing retailing taking place outside of shops and stores
(that is, off the premises of fixed retail locations and of markets stands). Observing the
given situation, distinguish the different types of Non – Store based Retail Strategy Mix &
Non – Traditional Retailing. Also, identify which type of non-store-based retail strategy
should be adapted by D2C Brands such as Sugar Cosmetics, Boat, Nykaa, etc,
Ans:
Introduction:
Non-store retailing is a dynamic and evolving retail industry that sells items and services outside
traditional retail centers like stores and stores. It encompasses a broad spectrum of strategies and
methods that permit groups to connect to clients via various channels aside from brick-andmortar

establishments and market stands. In current years, technological improvements and
shifting customer possibilities have propelled the increase and significance of non-shop retailing.
This shape of retailing has revolutionized how groups engage with their target audience and
3. Price is the most important factor, which generates revenue, while other factors in
marketing mix represents cost.
a) The retail price is the price that the customers pay for the final product that is sold.
These customers do not buy the product to sell it onwards. They buy the product to use it.
Demonstrating the given situation, bring about the factors affecting retail price strategy?
Ans:
Introduction
In marketing, establishing the right price for a product is an essential determinant of fulfillment.
Retail charges, the quantity customers pay for the last effect, significantly influence revenue
generation. But, achieving the sensitive balance between a price that generates sales and the
value involved is a multifaceted system. This essay delves into the various factors that affect the
retail charge strategy, exploring how businesses navigate this panorama to maximize their
b) In today’s competitive retail market, it is more important than ever for retailers to have
a clear and well-defined pricing strategy. Developing the concept, bring about the different
types of Retail Pricing strategy? Also, bring about which retail pricing strategy is visible in
the Croma Electronics showroom selling Television Sets?
Ans:
Introduction
The retail market is dynamic and evolving, often influenced by financial shifts, patron behaviors,
and technological advancements. As consumer choices become more extensive, so does their
capacity to evaluate prices and seek first-class deals. Consequently, retailers should offer quality
products and adopt astute pricing techniques to stay ahead in this competitive milieu. Pricing
IT Infrastructure Management
December 2023 Examination
1. Based on your experience, elucidate how IT system complexity affects the timeline
for implementing new technologies. Advise what steps can be taken to avoid the delay.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The evolution of technology has perennially witnessed a paradox: as systems grow in
capabilities, their intricacies multiply, making the very adoption of advancements a herculean
endeavor. IT system complexity has its roots in the interconnectedness of applications, the
heterogeneity of platforms, and the multifaceted requirements of businesses that have
expanded over time. With an increasing demand for sophisticated functionalities and a global
drive towards digital transformation, organizations often find themselves at a crossroads.
While aiming to embrace the latest technologies, they are simultaneously daunted by the
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2. In order to combat risks, it is important to classify them to devise the best approach
to overcome it. Explain the various types of risks and how do you analyze them? (10
Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Risks are an inherent part of any organization’s operations, particularly within the domain of
IT infrastructure management. As technology embeds itself deeper into the fabric of
organizational functions, understanding and managing these risks becomes paramount. The
increasing complexity and interconnectedness of IT systems means that even a minor
disruption or security breach can have significant ramifications, not just technologically but
also economically and reputationally. However, not all risks are created equal. Their nature,
source, and potential impact can vary widely. Thus, classifying them is crucial. This helps in
3. As an IT Head in a large firm, your goal is to consolidate the servers used and also the
space required to house these servers. You are championing the concept of
virtualization and want to address your team and answer the following questions they
have on the topic.
a. Establish the need for server virtualization to get your team to understand its
importance. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In today’s fast-evolving technological landscape, businesses require increased agility and
efficiency to meet ever-changing demands. Server resources, once procured, often remained
underutilized, leading to wasted space, energy, and money. Consolidating our IT
infrastructure is not just about cutting costs but paving the way for a more resilient, scalable,
b. Are there any limitations of server virtualization? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
While server virtualization offers a myriad of benefits and has revolutionized the way we
perceive and manage IT infrastructure, it is essential to approach the concept holistically.
Like any technology, virtualization, despite its advantages, comes with its set of limitations.
To make informed decisions for our organization, it’s crucial to understand both the strengths
IT Project Management
December 2023 Examination
1. You have just been appointed to the newly created position of VP of IT at Sparrow
Industries – a 60-year manufacturing company in Chandigarh. In your first meeting,
the CEO, Satinder Singh Sparrow, told you that he is unhappy with the present
situation of disparate legacy IT systems in the company and wants them to be fully
integrated. You recommended that the company move to a Standard ERP System. As a
first step, the CEO has asked you to assess the Feasibility of this initiative.
What types of feasibility studies will you perform and what would they assess? Prepare
an Executive Summary of the outcomes of the Feasibility Study to serve as a basis for a
detailed discussion with the CEO and the rest of the Leadership. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Sparrow Industries, with its six decades of legacy, stands today at an inflection point in its
technological journey. With a vast landscape of disparate legacy IT systems, the need to
transition towards a seamless, integrated, and efficient IT infrastructure has never been more
pronounced. Adopting a Standard ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system could be the
bridge between the company’s storied past and a technologically forward future. This
feasibility study aims to evaluate the practicality and implications of such a migration. The
intent is to present a comprehensive understanding of the various facets of
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2. You are a consultant to Allied Insurance Ltd. You are required to prepare the RFP to
be issued to System Integrators for implementing a Core Insurance Platform – Applied
Epic or Guidewire and integrating it to Allied’s existing Systems – D365 ERP & D365
CRM. Present the executive summary of the RFP with all requisite sections. For
additional information on the specific products, you may refer the company websites.
(10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Allied Insurance Ltd, one of the leading insurance companies in the market, is on the brink of
a transformative journey. As we navigate through the modern digital era, there is a pressing
need to fortify our technological foundations to serve our customers better and to enhance our
competitive edge in the market. The goal is to integrate a state-of-the-art Core Insurance
Platform – either Applied Epic or Guidewire, into our existing systems, specifically the D365
ERP & D365 CRM. This integration promises not only to streamline operations but also to
revolutionize our customer experience. Thus, in line with our vision to be the vanguard of
3. Mr. Chandy, CEO of Aluva Cooperative Bank has convened a meeting for all the
CxOs to discuss the bank’s IT Strategy Roadmap. At this meeting Mr. Vijay Kumar,
the newly appointed CIO has announced his intention to embark on an Application
Modernization Program to update all the Bank’s Legacy (Non-Core) Applications. In
this regard, Mr. Vijay Kumar has stated that he intends to Outsource the Development
and ongoing Maintenance & Support of these Applications to a 3rd party IT Partner.
Mr. Moideen, the COO of the company, is skeptical and asks if Mr. Vijay Kumar has
considered all the issues involved.
When Mr. Chandy, asked him if he had specific concerns, Mr. Moideen immediately
said “I see two issues that need detailed discussion… (1) How will we ensure a Smooth
Transition and Implementation and (2) How will we maintain Confidentiality of
Information?”
How will Mr. Vijay Kumar respond to Mr. Moideen’s queries on…
a. Smooth Transition and Implementation? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction:
Mr. Vijay Kumar, the new CIO, understands the intricacies of an Application Modernization
Program. His proposition to outsource the development and maintenance of non-core
applications is not without careful thought. Addressing Mr. Moideen’s concerns, Mr. Kumar
seeks to clarify the measures he’s considering for ensuring a smooth transition and the
b. Confidentiality of Information? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Confidentiality of information is the bedrock upon which banking institutions build trust with
their customers. With the move to outsource the development and maintenance of non-core
applications to a 3rd party, Mr. Moideen’s concerns about maintaining data privacy and
security are valid and of paramount importance. Mr. Vijay Kumar is poised to address this
IT Security and Risk Management
December 2023 Examination
1. As a term, people, process, and technology (PPT) refers to the methodology in which
the balance of people, process, and technology drives action: People perform a specific
type of work for an organization using processes (and often, technology) to streamline
and improve these processes. What do you mean by security awareness for people,
process, and technology? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction:
In the realm of IT security and risk management, the triad of people, process, and technology
(PPT) forms the backbone of an organization’s security posture. While each component of
this triad is distinct, they are deeply interwoven, with the effectiveness of one often
depending on the other two. Security awareness, in this context, is not just about
understanding threats and vulnerabilities but also about cultivating a proactive mindset
towards safeguarding assets. It emphasizes the importance of each element in the PPT triad
being cognizant of, and resilient against, potential security threats. By fostering
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2. Access control is a method of guaranteeing that users are who they say they are and
that they have the appropriate access to company data. Companies often grant access to
information and assets to staff even if it is not relevant to that member of staff’s role.
Describe access control methodologies and implementation for purpose of security?
Give detailed justifications for your recommendations. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Access control is a foundational pillar of information security, ensuring that only authorized
individuals can access specific resources within an organization. It operates on the principle
of “least privilege,” which means granting users only the permissions they need to perform
their job functions. In the digital age, where data breaches and cyberattacks are rampant,
implementing robust access control mechanisms is not just a best practice but a necessity.
Without proper access controls, organizations risk exposing sensitive data to unauthorized
3. Bangladesh Bank is the central bank of Bangladesh, responsible for managing the
country’s monetary and financial stability. In February 2016, cybercriminals launched
a sophisticated attack on the bank’s foreign exchange reserves, attempting to steal
hundreds of millions of dollars.
Incident Details:
SWIFT Transactions: The attackers used the Society for Worldwide Interbank
Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) network to initiate fraudulent fund transfers.
They sent multiple payment requests to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York,
requesting the transfer of approximately $951 million from Bangladesh Bank’s account
to various accounts in the Philippines and Sri Lanka.
Authentication Bypass: The cybercriminals managed to compromise the bank’s SWIFT
terminal and gain access to the SWIFT system using stolen credentials. They were able
to manipulate SWIFT messages to make the transactions appear legitimate.
Errors Detected: A few of the fraudulent transfer requests contained spelling errors
that raised suspicions at the Federal Reserve Bank. This prompted further scrutiny.
Prevented Losses: While the attackers successfully transferred $81 million to the
Philippines, an alert official at the Federal Reserve Bank noticed the spelling errors in
subsequent transfer requests. This raised suspicions and led to the cancellation of
several transactions, preventing further losses.
Investigation: After the attack was discovered, Bangladesh Bank launched an
investigation and sought assistance from law enforcement agencies and cybersecurity
experts.
Consequences:
Bangladesh Bank lost approximately $81 million in the successful transactions.
The incident raised concerns about the security of the global financial system and the
vulnerabilities in SWIFT’s infrastructure.
It also highlighted the importance of cybersecurity for financial institutions worldwide.
Attribution:
While the cybercriminals responsible for the Bangladesh Bank heist were never
conclusively identified, there have been suspicions that North Korean hackers,
specifically the Lazarus Group, were involved due to similarities with other attacks
attributed to them.
a. In the Bangladesh Bank Cyber Heist case, what were the key vulnerabilities and
security lapses that allowed the cybercriminals to compromise the bank’s systems and
attempt a fraudulent transfer of funds? Provide specific examples from the case to
support your answer. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The Bangladesh Bank Cyber Heist of 2016 stands as a stark reminder of the vulnerabilities
that even major financial institutions can face in the realm of cybersecurity. The incident
underscores the importance of robust security measures, especially when dealing with global
financial systems. The attackers exploited a combination of technical vulnerabilities and
operational lapses to attempt one of the largest bank heists in history. This case serves as a
b. Discuss the role of international cooperation and information sharing in responding
to cyber attacks on financial institutions, as illustrated by the Bangladesh Bank Cyber
Heist. What lessons can be drawn from this case regarding the importance of crossborder
cooperation
in
cybersecurity? (5
Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The digital age has ushered in an era where cyber threats transcend national borders, making
international cooperation and information sharing paramount. The Bangladesh Bank Cyber
Heist serves as a prime example of how cyber attacks on financial institutions can have global
ramifications. In such a landscape, a siloed approach to cybersecurity is inadequate. Instead, a

 

Lean Six Sigma
December 2023 Examination
1. Assume that you are working in a business process outsourcing (BPO) company.
Identify a process in your organization that needs some improvement and create a
broad outline for using the DMAIC methodology for process improvement. Also,
assuming that you are the project leader of a Six Sigma project. Create a list of a few
rules that you would lay down for your team to abide by to avoid any situations of
conflict. (10 Marks)
Introduction
In today’s exceptionally competitive enterprise generation, businesses usually look for ways
to beautify productivity, reduce costs, and expand consumer satisfaction. One vital
methodology in achieving those goals is Six Sigma, a data-pushed approach that makes
progress toward process perfection. As a project chief within a business process Outsourcing
(BPO) company, the importance of Six Sigma should be included. It presents an organized
framework for process development, and one of its most reliable strategies is DMAIC, which
stands for define, measure, analyze, improve, and control. Within the context of a BPO
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2. Imagine yourself to be a Six Sigma project leader in a big multi-specialty hospital.
Prepare a schedule for all activities starting with patient admission till the patient
occupies the bed. Also, draw a process map for the process of a patient admission to the
hospital at the point of registration till occupying the bed. (10 Marks)
Introduction
In a massive multi-specialty hospital, ensuring the seamless admission of patients is big. As a
Six Sigma assignment chief, the objective is to streamline the affected person’s admission
method, making particular effectiveness, accuracy, and a more substantial patient experience.
This system spans from the initial registration factor to the second the affected person
occupies a clinic mattress. The significance of this endeavor should be addressed because it
straightforwardly influences patient care, resource allocation, and the general functioning of
Q3a. Suppose you work in an organization that provides computer software and webbased
business tools to other
organizations.
a) Identify a particular process (any 1) in your organization and break it down into
smaller activities to identify Non-Value Added (NVA), Business Value Added (BVA),
and Value Added (VA) activities.
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In a dynamic organization specializing in computer software and web-based business tools,
it’s crucial to boost the effectiveness of the approaches. One such significant manner is
software program improvement, which involves sports progression. This discussion
investigates the breakdown of software development into its constituent sports to identify
b) Assuming you are the project leader of a Six Sigma project undertaken based on the
identified process in part a, list down the responsibilities covered under different six
sigma belts such as Master Black Belt (MBB), Black Belt (BB), Green Belt (GB), Yellow
Belt (YB) and White Belt (WB). (5 Marks)
Introduction
In a Six Sigma venture aimed at optimizing a software improvement process, it’s imperative
to delineate the obligations of various Six Sigma belts. Those jobs, including master Black
Belt (MBB), Black Belt (BB), green Belt (GB), Yellow Belt (YB), and White Belt (WB), are
instrumental in using technique development and first-class enhancement.
Concept and Analysis
Master Black Belt (MBB)
Strategic Leadership- MBBs supply strategic path, aligning Six Sigma tasks with
Machine Learning – I
December 2023 Examination
1. Describe the steps in building Linear Regression model? Discuss any two real work
problem where this model is help to find the problem? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction to Linear Regression:
Linear regression is a foundational and extensively used statistical approach in machine
learning and data analysis. It is a fundamental device for modeling the relationship between a
dependent variable (the output or target) and one or more impartial variables (the inputs or
functions). The core idea behind Linear Regression is to identify a linear equation that fine
represents the relationship among the variables. This equation lets us make predictions or
estimates based on the given inputs.
The simplicity and interpretability of Linear Regression make it an attractive desire for
various applications. Its name, “linear,” originates from the truth that the relationship among
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2. Why feature selection is important in the context of Machine Learning. How will you
effectively select a few features to start off your model building process? State some of
the techniques for Feature Selection in Machine Learning. (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Function selection is pivotal in enhancing model performance and interpretability in device
learning. It involves choosing a subset of relevant capabilities from the authentic function set
to improve the model’s predictive ability, lessen overfitting, and boost computational
efficiency. In essence, feature selection helps identify the maximum informative attributes
that contribute notably to the prediction venture, thus simplifying the version while
maintaining its accuracy.
The importance of function choice lies in its capability to address the “curse of
dimensionality.” high-dimensional statistics might also contain irrelevant, redundant, or noisy
features that adversely affect version performance. Feature choice mitigates these issues by
3. An e-commerce company has collected a large amount of data on customer
transactions, including the items purchased, the price, and the date of purchase. The
company wants to use this data to improve its sales and marketing strategies, but the
data is too large and complex to be analyzed effectively using traditional methods.
The e-commerce company decided to use machine learning algorithms to perform data
reduction on the customer transaction data. They used a dimensionality reduction
algorithm such as principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the number of
variables and simplify the data.
a. What were the result of using machine learning algorithms for data reduction in this
case study? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Inside the rapidly evolving global of e-trade, corporations are inundated with significant data
generated from consumer transactions. This fact holds the titanic ability for understanding
purchaser conduct, options, and purchasing styles. However, this fact’s sheer volume and
complexity can crush traditional analytical approaches. System learning, mainly
dimensionality discount algorithms like principal component evaluation (PCA), offers a
b. How did the use of machine learning algorithms help the e-commerce company to
analyze the customer transaction data and improve its sales and marketing strategies?
(5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
In the era of digitalization, businesses are accumulating sizable amounts of data, along with
customer transaction facts, at an unprecedented fee. However, deriving significant insights
from these records can be daunting due to their length and complexity. To utilize this data
and optimize enterprise strategies, e-commerce companies are turning to machine learning
algorithms. Beneath their capacity to process and examine large and tricky datasets, those
Management Accounting
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Management accounting is useful for management. With the help of collected
information management take important decisions. There are so many users of
management accounting.
Describe those users who always check the books of account? (10 marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Management accounting is an essential tool for contemporary organizations, serving as a
linchpin for informed choice-making and strategic plans. It encompasses a scientific method
of accumulating, studying, decoding, and offering financial and non-financial facts to help
internal management of their critical decision-making approaches. This accounting
department is distinct from economic accounting and is often involved with reporting
financial facts to outside stakeholders. Alternatively, management accounting tailors its focus
to fulfill the particular desires of inner users and the organizational structure.
Organizations face multifaceted challenges in the current global dynamic and competitive
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Q2. Budgetary control is an effective tool for management. Actual performance of the
business is compared with budgeted data & if there is any deviation, then necessary
action is taken. Describe the aim of budgetary control system? (10 marks)
Ans :
Budgetary Control: A Comprehensive Analysis
Introduction
Budgetary control is a fundamental device in managerial accounting and monetary
management. It is a pivotal mechanism for organizations to manage their financial sources
effectively and acquire strategic goals. In essence, budgetary control involves:
Comparing the actual performance of a business with the predetermined budgeted
records.
Scrutinizing any deviations.
Taking necessary actions to align operations with the initially set financial plans.
Implementing a budgetary manipulation machine within an organization targets to set up a
framework that facilitates efficient planning, coordination, assessment, and financial
Q3a) Variance analysis is useful to know the efficiency of performance of the
management. Different types of variances are useful in different ways. Explain all those
variances & their importance. (5 marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Variance evaluation is a vital tool used in management accounting to assess an employer’s
overall performance and efficiency. It involves comparing actual performance against
budgeted or expected overall performance to discover differences or variances. Those
variances are then analyzed to recognize the reasons behind the deviations and take suitable
b) Calculate net income under marginal costing techniques and BEP when Selling Price
per unit = ₹20; No. of units sold: 1500 units; Variable Cost = ₹ 12 per unit; Fixed Cost =
₹8000. (5 marks)
Ans ;
To calculate net income using marginal costing techniques and determine the Break-Even
Point (BEP), we’ll follow these steps:
1. Calculate the contribution margin per unit.
2. Determine the total contribution margin.
3. Calculate the Break-Even Point (BEP) in units.
4. Calculate net income.
Let’s go step by step:
Step 1: Calculate the Contribution Margin per Unit
The contribution margin per unit is the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit.
Management Theory and Practice
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Samatadeep Industries have hired you as a consultant as most of their recent plans
have failed miserably. Post you research, you concluded that they have not considered
the external environment at all when planning or executing their plans. Can you guide
them about the forces that affect management thought? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of business, organizations cannot operate in isolation. The external
environment plays a pivotal role in shaping the strategies and decisions of a company.
Samatadeep Industries, like many other enterprises, has experienced the repercussions of not
considering the external environment in their planning and execution. The external
environment encompasses a myriad of forces that influence an organization’s operations,
ranging from economic conditions to technological advancements, and from socio-cultural
shifts to political and legal regulations. These forces, often beyond the direct control of the
organization, can either propel it towards success or push it into the abyss of failure. Ignoring
these forces can lead to strategic blunders, missed opportunities, and even existential threats.
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Q2. As a management trainer to a batch of new joiners at ABC Ltd, can you explain
Henri Fayol’s 14 principles of management to them and make them understand their
significance in today’s world. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Management, as a discipline, has evolved over the years, drawing insights from various
thinkers and practitioners. Among the pioneers of classical management theory is Henri
Fayol, a French engineer and director of mines, who lived between 1841 and 1925. Fayol’s
contribution to management thought is monumental, with his 14 principles of management
laying the foundation for modern management practices. These principles, first introduced in
his book “Administration Industrielle et Générale” in 1916, were groundbreaking at the time,
providing a systematic approach to organizational management. Today, even in the age of
rapid technological advancements and dynamic work environments, Fayol’s principles
Q3. Sachi Ltd has been facing many loses and want to modernize themselves using
modern tools and have hired you as a consultant for the same. Can you explain the
following concepts to them and how will they help them modernize a cycle
manufacturing business like theirs.
a. JIT (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the competitive landscape of the 21st century, businesses must constantly evolve to stay
relevant and profitable. For a cycle manufacturing business like Sachi Ltd, facing losses can
be a wake-up call to reevaluate traditional practices and embrace modern methodologies. One
such transformative approach is JIT, or “Just-In-Time” manufacturing. Adopting JIT can not
b. Six Sigma (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the quest for operational excellence and quality assurance, businesses worldwide have
turned to methodologies that promise precision and efficiency. One such renowned approach
is Six Sigma. For a company like Sachi Ltd, grappling with losses and seeking avenues for
improvement, Six Sigma offers a structured and data-driven methodology to eliminate defects
and enhance product quality. By understanding and implementing Six Sigma, Sachi Ltd can
Managing Business Process Outsourcing
December 2023 Examination
1. Many companies have considered outsourcing a broad range of business processes,
including IT services, to achieve critical cost savings. Although this kind of agreement
can be structured in many ways, a thoughtful contractual arrangement, with
appropriate cost sharing, pass-through mechanisms and pricing adjustments, allows the
parties to share certain risks and at the same time establish a productive and profitable
relationship. Explain BPO contract negotiation and monitoring and their risk impact?
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is an increasingly popular strategy among numerous
agencies seeking to streamline operations, lessen costs, and increase growth efficiency.
Negotiation and tracking of BPO contracts play a critical role in this effort; their complexity
entails a couple of services with diverse stakeholders worried – so organizing an organized
contractual framework serves as the cornerstone for realizing cost savings while cultivating
effective operating relationships among outsourcing agencies and service providers alike.
A hit BPO settlement negotiations require cautious planning and in-depth knowledge of the
scope, pricing structures, carrier level agreements (SLAs), risk sharing mechanisms,
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2. Organizations typically undertake periodic process improvement that are focused on
specific business processes and may or may not align with the business strategy. In
order to realize all the benefits of sometimes disparate BPM efforts, there needs to be an
ongoing, organization-wide effort to assess and measure the results and continue to use
the successful implementations. A process portfolio is widely considered the answer.
What are the benefits of effective process portfolio management? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Organizational dynamics frequently include periodic process improvement initiatives stated
collectively as business procedure management (BPM), sometimes occurring independently
of an organization’s overall approach or dreams. A key venture related to BPM initiatives lies
in capitalizing on their results effectively; to try this successfully calls for taking an integrated
and systematic method for measuring, tracking, and keeping successful implementation
across an entire agency. For this mission, system portfolios provide extensively recognized
answers to this task.
System portfolio control provides organizations with an organizational structure for
3. For ALPHA CallCenter, a leading healthcare BPO company based out of Gulf
approached MeraBPO with a requirement to improve their BPO process. The
customer’s BPO division handles over a million customer calls every month, but their
customer satisfaction levels were plummeting downwards. Even their CSAT was as low
as 47%. Since the customer was a part of the healthcare industry, it was unacceptable
for the company to find a low level of satisfaction from their customers. MeraBPO’s
role was to nail down the causes for the low CSAT levels and then to provide a
customized BPO solution that would help the company’s performance to soar.
At the onset of the project, the BPO team at MeraBPO decided to dissect the problem
and get to the root cause. Through a detailed analysis, they identified some of the
critical issues in the process that were affecting the customer’s BPO’s performance. The
following were the requirements of the customer:
There was a linguistic and cultural mismatch between the BPO’s personnel and the
client’s customers. The client’s customer base was native Arabs while the BPO
employees of the customer (5 male agents and 5 female agents) were not native Arabic
speakers. This language barrier made it difficult for the employees to effectively address
the culture-specific requirements of the customers
There was a critical need to align the BPO support team with the standard
processes that govern BPO functioning. The BPO team also required intensive training
in BPO platform management
The BPO’s turnaround time lagged over a period of 7 days in contacting their
customers after discharge
The support BPO team worked only 5 days a week (Monday to Friday) and only
between 9 am to 5 pm. This posed a serious limitation for the customers who wanted to
contact our client
The customers wanted to make sure that they were talking to an Arab agent and would
ask the BPO employees for their last name
Female patients of our client would submit contact numbers of the male members of
their family instead of their own
The customer reach percentage was less than 2%
After identifying the unique problems that were affecting our client’s BPO, they
deployed one their best teams to implement a customized BPO platform.
MeraBPO’s skilled BPO team refurbished the entire BPO process of the customer by
adopting the following measures:
1. BPO Service Timings: they increased the support time span by a period of 4 hours.
Next, they made the support center available from 7 AM to 7 PM. To match the
working week of UAE, they decided to change the work days of the BPO to
to Thursday instead of Monday to Friday. Multiple shifts was also introduced to meet
the time demand with WFM.
2. Local BPO Agents: they hired a team of native speaking Arabs to eliminate the
cultural gaps.
3. Support Infrastructure: they enhanced the infrastructure for the customer’s BPO
center and included best-of-breed voice, email and internet facilities. This helped in
substantially reducing the turnaround time of the BPO team.
4. Value Added Support Services: they also offered a host of value added services, such
as the following:
they extended the 24 hour call support for excess processing requirements during peak
hours
The BPO agents were given customized ‘Last Names’ to suit the caller’s country
The DID number was masked based on the caller’s country
The BPO agents were given 20% hand-outs
Culture specific provisions were specially created to record rebuttals from the
objections raised by the male family members of female patients
The BPO process of the customer was continuously improvised and enhanced based on
Lean and Six Sigma methods
The database of the customer was always kept up-to-date
The BPO application was rectified periodically
Within a short time span of just 2 months, they were able to present the following
results to our customer. From an unsatisfactory 47% the CSAT galloped to a whopping
85% – 87%.
The turnaround time was improved by 24%.
a. What were the cultural challenges faced by ALPHA call center and how were these
specific cultural challenges met by ALPHA call center. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
ALPHA name Centre, a healthcare BPO firm, faced sizable cultural problems for the duration
of operations, particularly when running with native Arabic-speaking customers. This essay
explores what those obstacles have been, as well as the strategies ALPHA employed to tackle
them effectively.
Concept and Analysis
ALPHA name middle confronted distinct cultural hurdles that averted their overall
b. What are the advantages of outsourcing call center operations of a hospital to a BPO
like ALPHA call center? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Outsourcing the decision center operations of a hospital to a business process outsourcing
organization like ALPHA name center may offer many ability benefits in terms of healthcare
industry operations. This essay discusses these ability gains.
Concept and analysis
Outsourcing sanatorium name center operations to specialized BPOs such as ALPHA name
centers gives many compelling benefits. First and most importantly, outsourcing allows
Manpower Planning, Recruitment and Selection
December 2023 Examination
Q1. As a Training Manager of a fast-growing tech company, you are tasked to select a
trainer for a training program to enhance the leadership skills of mid-level managers.
The company has a diverse workforce, including remote employees. Outline the skills
you will be looking for the trainer for creating a comprehensive leadership-training
program that caters to different learningstyles and accommodates remote participants.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In an era where businesses are rapidly digitizing and workforces are increasingly diverse and
dispersed, leadership training becomes a linchpin for organizational success. The role of a
trainer in sculpting competent leaders extends beyond imparting knowledge; it encompasses
the ability to navigate an intricate tapestry of cultures, backgrounds, and learning preferences,
particularly in a tech company. Adding the complexity of remote employment, the stakes are
raised, demanding trainers to possess not just subject expertise, but also the dexterity to unify
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Q2. You are the HR Manager of a well-established manufacturing company that has
been usingtraditional methods of performance appraisal for many years. The
management team is consideringa potential shift to more modern performance
management approaches. Your task is to provide anin-depth analysis of the advantages
and disadvantages of traditional performance appraisal methods in the context of your
organization. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving business landscape, where companies are constantly adapting to meet
the challenges of the modern world, performance appraisal remains an integral component of
HR management. Historically, our manufacturing company has adhered to traditional
methods of performance appraisal, which have served as the backbone for assessing and
rewarding employee performance. These methods, deeply rooted in our organizational
culture, emphasize standardized evaluations and comparative rankings. As the dynamics of
Q.3a) You are the Human Resources Manager of a rapidly expanding technology
company that values fair and accurate employee performance appraisal. However,
you’ve noticed that various biases and cognitive effects can impact the objectivity of
performance evaluations. Analyze any three challenges faced while appraising the
performance of employees and explain how each onecan potentially distort the
assessment process. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Performance appraisal is a fundamental process within any organization that aims to
recognize and reward employees based on their contributions. In our swiftly growing
technology company, ensuring objective and unbiased performance evaluations is of
paramount importance, especially given the dynamism and diversity inherent in our sector.
However, even with the best of intentions, biases and cognitive effects can creep into the
Q.3b) You are the Recruitment Manager of a dynamic multinational corporation
aiming to attracttop talent in the competitive tech industry. The company recognizes the
need for modern recruitment methods to identify and select the best candidates. Select
any three of the modern recruitment methods and explain why you have selected these
three methods. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In today’s fiercely competitive tech industry, the battle for top talent is relentless. As the
Recruitment Manager for a progressive multinational corporation, I recognize the imperative
need to stay ahead of the curve by leveraging modern recruitment strategies. These methods
not only cater to the evolving preferences of the current job-seeking generation but also
Marketing Management
December 2023 Examination
Q 1. What are the marketing skills required to initiate the sales? Explain this with an
example of how effective leadership traits can help? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s dynamic and competitive business environment, initiating sales is an intricate task
that demands a blend of multiple marketing skills. Sales initiation is not just about
showcasing a product or service but also understanding the needs of potential customers,
tapping into their pain points, and offering solutions that resonate with them. Moreover, the
process of sales initiation requires effective communication, trust-building, and a deep
understanding of market dynamics. Effective leadership plays an instrumental role in guiding
and supporting marketing teams through this initiation phase. Just as a ship requires a captain
to navigate through stormy seas, a sales team relies on its leader to steer them through the
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Q 2. What kind of promotions would you have for an exclusive store to sell Amul using
an innovative concept. How will you plan the layout, of an exclusive Amul store? ( 10
Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Amul, often dubbed as the ‘Taste of India,’ has carved a unique space in the hearts of
consumers with its vast range of dairy products. Given its rich legacy, the idea of an exclusive
Amul store is an exciting proposition that brings with it both challenges and immense
potential. Such an exclusive store would be more than just a point of purchase; it would be an
embodiment of Amul’s history, its commitment to quality, and its connection with the Indian
consumer. To make this exclusive store stand out and be successful, it’s essential not just to
stock Amul products but to offer an innovative and immersive experience that reinforces the
Q 3. Case Study
Grasim enters B2B e-commerce in building material
Grasim Industries, an Aditya Birla group company, today approved its foray into
B2B e commerce in the building materials segment with an investment of ₹2,000 crore
over the next five years.
This investment adds a new high growth engine with clear adjacencies within Grasim’s
standalone businesses as also that of its subsidiaries and associate companies. The
company is spending Rs10,000 crore in new paints business and will launch its products
by early 2024. The group owns India’s -largest cement company with a capacity of 120
million tonnes per annum.
Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the $60 billion revenue Aditya Birla Group, said
the B2B e-commerce foray is yet another strategic portfolio choice as it crystallises the
group’s intent to invest in the new-age, high growth digital space. “The building
materials segment presents a huge scalable business opportunity with a proven path to
profitability. With this foray, Grasim would be able to leverage the large B2B ecosystem
within the Aditya Birla Group,” Birla said.
This move will also catalyse the growth of the MSME universe in India and provide an
impetus to the Government’s vision of ‘Digital India’, he said.
The overall building materials procurement segment in India has grown at an annual
rate of 14 per cent in the last 3 years. This industry is estimated at about $100 billion
with current digital penetration of just 2 per cent.
The platform will primarily focus on medium- and small-sized companies in the
building materials segment with the potential to further extend to other relevant
categories. The key value proposition would be an integrated procurement solution,
including on-time delivery and a superior product range at competitive pricing.
a) Which is the segment that Grasim is getting into? What is the strategy to get into the
segment and capture the market? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Grasim Industries, an eminent pillar of the Aditya Birla group, is making headway into the
B2B e-commerce sector within the building materials realm. As the digital landscape of India
metamorphoses, businesses are eyeing spaces that are ripe for innovation and growth.
Grasim’s venture, backed by a substantial investment, not only signifies its diversification
strategy but also underscores its vision to harness the potential of the digital ecosystem. The
goal is to intertwine their robust existing infrastructure with the proliferating digital
b) What are the future plans of Grasim? How does it plan to increase its reach and how
is it planning to build up is its chosen segment? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Grasim Industries, a part of the illustrious Aditya Birla Group, is not only embracing its
existing vast legacy but is ambitiously paving the way for its future in the digital realm. Its
recent foray into B2B e-commerce in the building materials sector highlights Grasim’s intent
to not only expand its portfolio but to revolutionize the way businesses in this sector operate.
But what do these expansions signify for Grasim’s future trajectory, and how do they intend
Marketing of Financial Services
December 2023 Examination
Q.1) Develop a Public Relations campaign for SEBI to educate retail investors about the
risks involved in trading in the Futures and Options segment. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The world of finance is vast, intricate, and laden with opportunities and pitfalls alike. One
such area that has drawn considerable attention, yet remains shrouded in complexity, is the
Futures and Options (F&O) segment. While this segment presents potential for profitable
outcomes, it’s not without its risks, especially for retail investors. The Securities and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the guardian of India’s capital markets, shoulders a pivotal
role in safeguarding the interests of these investors. In a rapidly evolving financial
environment where information asymmetry can lead to significant losses, it becomes
imperative for SEBI to bridge the knowledge gap. A Public Relations (PR) campaign serves
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Q.2) Your client Mr. Ashok Pandit has a moderate risk profile. Explain the potential
benefits of investing in Mutual Funds that periodically rebalance their portfolio between
equity and debt. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the vast financial universe, where diverse investment options coexist, it becomes crucial to
tailor one’s investment strategy based on individual risk tolerance and financial goals. For Mr.
Ashok Pandit, characterized by a moderate risk profile, striking the right balance between risk
and return is essential. Herein, mutual funds that periodically rebalance their portfolios
between equity and debt emerge as a promising avenue. At the intersection of growth
potential and capital preservation, these funds harness the dynamism of equities and the
stability of debt instruments. They offer the allure of market-linked returns while keeping
Q.3) As a Financial Planner, you have been approached by Anuj, a 35-year-old
marketing executive earning an annual income of Rs. 15 lakhs. His wife, Neha, is 32
years old and currently a homemaker. They have a 4-year-old daughter named Riya.
Anuj and Neha seek your expertise in making important financial decisions. Feel free to
make any necessary assumptions to develop your recommendations.
a) Anuj and Neha, seek your assistance to plan for their daughter Riya’s higher
education expenses. They want to ensure they are financially prepared for her future
educational needs. What advice or strategies would you recommend to help them save
and invest wisely for Riya’s higher education? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The education landscape is rapidly evolving, and with it, the associated costs are on an
upward trajectory. For parents like Anuj and Neha, the aspiration to provide the best for their
daughter Riya’s higher education necessitates a well-thought-out financial strategy. Given the
time horizon they have before Riya steps into her higher education phase, a balanced
approach, amalgamating both safe and growth-oriented investment options, will be pivotal.
b) Anuj aims to retire by the age of 60. Design a comprehensive retirement plan for him.
(5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Retirement, often viewed as the golden phase of life, requires meticulous planning to ensure
financial independence and comfort. For Anuj, with a horizon of 25 years before he hits the
age of 60, it is imperative to construct a retirement plan that offers both security and growth.
The key is to balance the current lifestyle and future aspirations while accounting for the
inevitable increase in living expenses due to inflation and other unforeseen circumstances.
Marketing Research
December 2023 Examination
1. Apple Inc. sees a decline in sale of iPhone in India. They perceived that the new
launches such as foldable smartphones by competitors are a threat to their products.
They hire you in a role of market researcher and give a task to understand customer
preferences for foldable smartphones. Develop a survey questionnaire that captures
consumers’ opinions and features, design, price, and brand reputation. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving world of technology, consumer preferences shift dynamically,
influenced by innovations and market trends. Apple Inc., known for its pioneering
innovations and impeccable brand reputation, has identified a potential decline in iPhone
sales in India, attributing it to the surge in the popularity of foldable smartphones launched by
competitors. The Indian market, characterized by its diverse consumer base and a vast
demographic spectrum, necessitates a deep dive into understanding these preferences. A
methodical market research approach can provide insights into why and how foldable
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2. Fab India wants to introduce a new clothing line targeting millennial. As a market
researcher, develop a questionnaire to conduct in-depth interviews with a representative
sample of millennial to understand their fashion preferences, lifestyle, and purchasing
behavior. List down the questions and analyze them using thematic analysis. (10 Marks)
Introduction
Fab India, with its rich legacy in Indian ethnic wear, has an opportunity to tap into the
burgeoning millennial market segment by launching a new clothing line tailored to their
sensibilities. Millennial consumers, characterized by their unique blend of traditional values
and contemporary outlook, are increasingly becoming pivotal in shaping market trends. It’s
imperative for brands to understand the intricacies of their preferences in order to develop
products that resonate with them. To achieve this understanding, in-depth interviews offer an
exploratory approach, allowing a deep dive into their fashion preferences, lifestyle choices,
and purchasing behaviors. Creating a comprehensive questionnaire for these interviews is the
3. UrbanHomes Developers, a renowned real estate company, is exploring the idea of
building a new and innovative housing project in the bustling city of Navi Mumbai,
India. The vision is to create a modern living haven that combines contemporary design,
sustainable features, and a vibrant community lifestyle. As the project’s market
researcher, the goal is to understand potential buyers’ preferences, budget constraints,
and location preferences to shape the development according to their needs and
aspirations.
a. As a market researcher, design a survey based questionnaire to assess potential
buyers’ preferences, budget constraints, and location preferences for the new housing
development. The survey must include both qualitative and quantitative questions. (5
Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
UrbanHomes Developers stands at the cusp of creating a potentially transformative housing
project in Navi Mumbai. The success of this project heavily relies on meeting the desires,
needs, and constraints of potential buyers. By marrying contemporary design with sustainable
features and fostering a vibrant community lifestyle, the company envisions a modern living
b. Identify the Target Market and characteristics of ideal respondents. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the bustling landscape of Navi Mumbai, identifying the right target market becomes the
cornerstone of success for UrbanHomes Developers’ innovative housing project. By tailoring
their offering to a specific audience, they can ensure a greater alignment between their project
features and the aspirations of potential buyers. The ideal respondents’ characteristics further
Marketing Strategy
December 2023 Examination
1. Take any corporate of your choice and explain various levels of strategy for that
organization. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the ever-evolving world of business, strategic planning plays a pivotal role in ensuring an
organization’s longevity and success. One such corporate giant that has consistently
demonstrated the importance of strategic planning is Apple Inc. Founded in 1976 by Steve
Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne, Apple has grown from a garage start-up to one of
the most valuable and influential tech companies in the world. Its success can be attributed to
its innovative products, but equally important is its adeptness at crafting and executing
effective strategies at various levels of the organization. Apple’s strategic planning is not just
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2. Assume you are planning to start your own start-up and you have decided to start the
same with a clear Vision, Mission, Goals, and objectives. Create and elaborate on the
same. (You can decide any business of your choice) (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In today’s dynamic business landscape, the inception of a startup requires more than just an
innovative idea; it demands a clear direction and purpose. This direction is often provided by
a startup’s Vision and Mission statements, which serve as the foundation upon which the
entire business is built. The Vision statement paints a picture of what the company aspires to
become in the future, providing a long-term direction and inspiration. On the other hand, the
Mission statement delineates the company’s core purpose and reason for existence, guiding its
day-to-day operations and decision-making processes. Following these foundational
3a) Explain the concept of need, want, and demand for the footwear category. (5
Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the realm of marketing, understanding the distinctions between need, want, and demand is
crucial for any business, especially in the competitive footwear industry. These terms, while
often used interchangeably, have distinct meanings that influence consumer behavior and
purchasing decisions. By delving into these concepts, businesses can tailor their strategies to
3b) Explain the 7P’s of Marketing for any restaurant of your choice. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The 7P’s of marketing, often referred to as the marketing mix, are a set of crucial elements
that collectively define a business’s marketing strategy. For the restaurant industry, which
thrives on customer experience and satisfaction, understanding and implementing the 7P’s is
pivotal. Let’s delve into the 7P’s of marketing using the example of “Olive Garden,” a popular
Italian-themed chain restaurant, to see how they employ these principles to captivate their
Merchandising Management
December 2023 Examination
1. You are about to start a saree store in your city. What is the kind of layout that you plan
to have and what are the type of technologies that you plan to incorporate so you have a
strong customer footfall? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Opening a saree store in our city is an exciting challenge, reflecting our passion for promoting
our community’s rich heritage of traditional clothing. The aim is to provide an all-encompassing
revel for customers seeking high-quality sarees, excellent provider, and a blend of classic
elegance with modern convenience.
Our store, ‘SareeSangam,’ will embody timeless charm and cultural grace. With an inviting
environment and a thoughtfully designed layout, we intend to draw in customers and keep them
captivated with a wide range of great sarees.
Concept & Application
1. Design & Layout:
– Open & Inviting Space:
Our save will boast an open layout; ensuring clients are not overwhelmed by excessive clutter.
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2. What sort of merchandise should a spectacles shop stock and what should be the
promotions and range in terms of price? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Background and Overview of the Spectacles Industry
The spectacles industry has witnessed a profound evolution since its inception centuries ago.
From rudimentary devices aimed at improving vision to modern style statements, eyewear has
become essential to contemporary life. The convergence of capability and style has elevated
spectacles past their practical purpose, turning them into great accessories reflecting one’s
persona, lifestyle, and fashion.
Spectacles, additionally called eyeglasses or virtual glasses, have a rich history dating back to
ancient times. Early variations consisted of simple glass lenses held via diverse frames, regularly
3. Case Study
Aiwa returns with a new strategy for its TVs
In the late 1990s, Japanese electronics brand Aiwa tied up with a maverick entrepreneur,
Kabir Mulchandani, to sell its consumer electronic products. Founder of Baron
International, Mulchandani, 26 at the time, had already disrupted the TV market through
a tie-up with another Japanese player, Akai.
With a strategy that relied on heavy discounts, exchange offers and freebies, Akai was
selling in huge volumes. But Mulchandani’s relationship with it was strained. So he decided
to move and replicate the same magic with Aiwa in TV, audio, headphones and other
electronics. Aiwa was ready to offer its completely knocked down (CKD) TV sets at a much
lower rate than Akai. Mulchandani’s strategy, however, did not work for very long. He lost
money, faced alleged excise evasion cases and was forced to shut shop.
Aiwa is back now-this time with a fundamentally changed strategy. Today, when the brand
launched its LED television sets, it made it amply clear that this would not be a price
warrior. Instead, it is pricing these TVs between the more expensive Sony and Samsung on
one hand and the mass market Chinese brands such as Xioami on the other.
“We have found the sweet spot. We are not a cheap product,” says Ajay Mehta, managing
director of Aiwa India.
“We will be 20-30 per cent cheaper than Sony and Samsung, but 10-15 per cent more
expensive than the Chinese brands. We will lever age the fact that we are designed in Japan
and produced in India,” says Mehta.
Starting at Rs16,000, the TVs ranging from 32 inches to 75 inches will cost up to Rs150,000.
Aiwa India has tied up with Dixon Technologies as its contract manufacturer.
Given its not-so-successful history in the country, Aiwa is taking great pains to shake off its
“price-sensitive” image. So, it has decided not to sell online.
“We cannot succeed as a discount brand. That is why in the initial phase, we will not sell
online where one has to offer discounts,” says Mehta. “We want consumers to experience
the product and see the difference.”
By December-end, it expects to be present in 600 stores in 20 cities. Talks are also on with
one of the country’s largest consumer electronics retail chains to stack Aiwa products.
Mehta’s target is moderate: a 4-5 per cent share of the TV market in 4-5 years. Currently,
17-18 million TV sets are sold in the country in a year and the market has been growing at
8-9 per cent per annum. But the big question is: will Aiwa’s new strategy work?
Says a competitor, “There are so many brands, like Akai, which tried to make a re-entry.
Or like Sharp, which had a Japanese pedigree, but did not make a dent.”
“The Indian TV market,” says this person, “is consolidated at the upper end with Sony
and Samsung and at the afford able end by the Chinese, who are offering many tech
features that only top brands used to give. So it will be an uphill task.”
The company set up its regional headquarters in India in February 2021 and despite the
pandemic, launched its luxury brand of speakers. To reiterate its focus on quality rather
than price, these speakers cost up to Rs60,000 (the brand also has an entry-level model
priced at Rs2,500). Imported as a completely built up (CBU) product and launched in
October last year. It hopes to double its run rate from Rs30 crore to ₹60 crore per month,
though it will always remain a niche market.
Aiwa India is looking to launch other products, too– air-conditioners, washing machines
and refrigerators – in the next one to two years and hopes to hit $1 billion in revenues in 4-5
years. TV, however, will be its anchor product, accounting for over 40 per cent of the
turnover. The rest is up to consumers.
Questions
a) How had Aiwa started in India, how has it re-launched, and how has it set its pricing? (5
marks)
Ans:
Introduction:
Aiwa, a renowned Japanese electronics brand, debuted in India in the late 1990s. During that
point, the brand tied up with Kabir Mulchandani, a disruptive entrepreneur known for his
successes in the television market. Mulchandani’s previous collaboration with Akai
revolutionized the industry through aggressive pricing strategies. However, this strategy must
most straightforwardly maintain Aiwa in the short run, resulting in economic losses and
b) How many stores does it plan to set up and in how many cities and how is the Indian
Market. What are the other products that it is set to launch? (5 marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Aiwa, a renowned Japanese electronics brand, is returning to the Indian consumer electronics
market with a transformed approach. This strategy involves positioning its LED TV sets at a
strategic rate point among high-stop brands like Sony and Samsung and mass-market Chinese
language brands like Xiaomi. The employer aims to capture a 4-5% share of the highly
aggressive television market in the subsequent 4-5 years. Additionally, Aiwa India plans to
New Product Development and Managing Innovation
December 2023 Examination
1. Vinesh works as a product manager for a large multi-national automobile company
(eg. Volkswagen, Ford etc.). The company would like to create a new car targeted at
youngsters in the age group of 25-35 years. Vinesh is responsible for the end to end
product development process. Describe the approach across the different steps in
generic product design and development process that he should follow.
Ans 1.
Introduction
The virtual Product design method includes designing products that meet the requirements of
end users. It encompasses everything from the beginning imagination to the last production,
ensuring the product is attractive and purposeful.
The product layout entails the patron’s know-how and requirements and translating them into
services or products that meet their expectations. Designers and graphic people must deeply
understand layout standards, production processes, and product packaging.
The product layout system may be divided into numerous main ranges: creativity, research,
idea improvement, production planning and execution, and submit-production. Various duties
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2. Vinesh (from the previous example) has done good job assembling a team. He now
has to generate product ideas. What are different idea generation strategies that he can
use and what are the characteristics of each.
Ans 2.
Introduction
Ideas are an essential path to innovation. There’s more incredible to execute and put in force
with them, and because execution is the key to getting to know, new ideas are vital for
improvement.
Ideas by myself may not make innovation take place, as you need to create a systematic
process for coping with one’s visions and ideas. The step of originality isn’t generating heaps
of them; however, it is about paying attention to the great of these properly.
It is sometimes hard to increase more of those high-quality and creative ideas. It’s common to
3a. Consider that you work for an Android app development company, NeuApps. The
company needs your help in analyzing the different types product features for a new
fitness tracking app they are developing, using the Kano model? Give a brief
description of Kano model and explain the different types of features described by it in
the context of a smartphone. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
It’s generally believed that clients don’t genuinely know what they want; they need to be
informed.
Customers understand what they need but must also improve at describing their desires.
Utilizing information on the three patron types and how to expose them, you’ll better know
your consumer’s actual needs and how to address them.
The Kano version is beneficial in very well know-how a consumer’s desires. You could
3b. You are a product manager at a new age start up. A friend of yours is setting up a
company and would like understand the nuances of Intellectual Property Rights?
Explain the different types of IPR and the need for considering IPR during a new
product development. Provide an example for each type of IPR. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Intellectual belonging rights are the rights given to individuals over the creations of their
brains. They usually give the author a different proper to use their layout for a specific length.
Those are defined in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which gives
the right to benefit from the protection of material and ethical interests resulting from
New Product Development and Managing Innovation
December 2023 Examination
1. Vinesh works as a product manager for a large multi-national automobile company
(eg. Volkswagen, Ford etc.). The company would like to create a new car targeted at
youngsters in the age group of 25-35 years. Vinesh is responsible for the end to end
product development process. Describe the approach across the different steps in
generic product design and development process that he should follow.
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s fast-paced world, the automobile industry has become increasingly dynamic, driven
by changing customer preferences, technological advancements, and the push for
sustainability. For multi-national giants, staying relevant necessitates continuous innovation.
The challenge is to design a vehicle that resonates with the younger demographic,
encompassing their values, desires, and the lifestyle they aspire to. As Vinesh embarks on the
journey to oversee the end-to-end product development process, he will grapple with
synthesizing multiple elements – from ideation and market research to design, testing, and
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2. Vinesh (from the previous example) has done good job assembling a team. He now
has to generate product ideas. What are different idea generation strategies that he can
use and what are the characteristics of each.
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the realm of new product development, the ideation phase is a pivotal cornerstone. It is
during this phase that the groundwork for innovation is laid, setting the tone for the entire
development process. The strategies employed for generating ideas not only shape the
product’s final design but also its viability in the market. For leaders like Vinesh, navigating
the vast expanse of idea generation methodologies becomes a critical aspect of their role.
These strategies, each distinct in its approach and characteristics, enable a diverse range of
possibilities and exploration depths. Grasping the nuances of these strategies is essential to
mold a product that is both innovative and market-relevant. This essay will delve into the
3a. Consider that you work for an Android app development company, NeuApps. The
company needs your help in analyzing the different types product features for a new
fitness tracking app they are developing, using the Kano model? Give a brief
description of Kano model and explain the different types of features described by it in
the context of a smartphone. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction:
The world of app development has constantly been evolving, aiming to meet user
expectations seamlessly. NeuApps, in its quest to design a fitness tracking app, would benefit
from using the Kano model, a revered framework in product development. The Kano model
assists developers in prioritizing features based on customer satisfaction and can be
3b. You are a product manager at a new age start up. A friend of yours is setting up a
company and would like understand the nuances of Intellectual Property Rights?
Explain the different types of IPR and the need for considering IPR during a new
product development. Provide an example for each type of IPR. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the modern business ecosystem, where innovation reigns supreme, Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR) have emerged as invaluable assets. As ideas and concepts become tangible
products or services, safeguarding them from imitation becomes paramount. For
entrepreneurs, like your friend, understanding the various facets of IPR is vital to ensure the
Operations and Supply Chain Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. In a FMCG Manufacturing Company analyze how can the company become
Operationally robust and competent on the basis of Quality, Cost, Flexibility, Speed and
Services. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Lean manufacturing is about the elimination of waste in production techniques. By
facilitating lean strategies, agencies within the (FMCG) fast-moving consumer items
enterprise usually lessen stock through just-in-time shipping, improve quality on several
stages, and shorten downtime with optimized setup adjustments (SMED) to grow customer
satisfaction. But in extraordinary times such as now, the requirements for manufacturers are
changing.
The coronavirus pandemic fosters a strong demand for client goods, while the assignment of
keeping workers healthy and safe at Work is rising. Additionally, factories handle disruptions
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Q2. A Fashion Company manufactures clothes, which includes Materials Sourcing,
Pattern Making, Cutting Process and Manufacturing. The precedence and time
requirements for each step are given below. To meet demand, the Company needs to
produce 6000 finished items every 40-hour week. Design an assembly line with the
fewest number of workstations that will achieve the production quota without
violating precedence constraints. (10 Marks)
Work Element
Precedence
Time (Min.)
A
Materials Sourcing
–
0.1
B
Pattern Making
A
0.2
C
Cutting Process
A
0.4
D
Manufacturing
B, C
0.3
Ans 2.
Introduction
Popularized in manufacturing and production, the principle of an assembly line is where each
employee is assigned a repeatable undertaking and wherein the process goes to the worker,
who plays another function until the final product is finished. A manner to manufacture mass
items fast, employees don’t have to be human-robotic personnel could make up a meeting
line. Examples of assembly lines involve assembling complex and burdensome products like
cars or transportation devices, household appliances, and digital goods.
Production of items or products is lengthy, requiring numerous smaller parts to assemble.
Smaller portions shape the finished product while attached or made in a particular collection
Q3.
a) Write the application of bar code system and RFID in online delivery of goods. (5
Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Maintaining traceability across the delivery chain is essential. In any region, having real-time
and particular records on substances is necessary. It gives visibility of the material throughout
the delivery chain: wherein it is located and in what country (raw, in-process, or finished).
With these facts, companies can maintain lean inventories and ensure timely delivery of
items. Slim stock reduces storage space and labor prices, improves asset usage through
b) Among the two i.e. Bar Code system and RFID which technology possess higher
security in tracking goods? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Barcodes and RFID tags are used in diverse industries to sell inventory, assets, and those.
Barcodes are most commonly used in retail settings, where they’re scanned at the factor of
sale to music product records.
RFID tags are utilized in various industries, which include healthcare, production, and
Operations and Supply Chain Strategies
December 2023 Examination
1. How can the full set of logistical and cross-functional drivers be used to create
strategic fit for a PC manufacturer targeting both time-sensitive and price-conscious
customers? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of PC manufacturing, targeting both time-sensitive and price-conscious
customers presents a unique challenge. While time-sensitive customers prioritize rapid
delivery and the latest features, price-conscious customers are more focused on getting the
best value for their money. To cater to both these segments effectively, a PC manufacturer
must achieve a strategic fit between its competitive strategy and its supply chain strategy.
This alignment is crucial for ensuring that the company can meet the diverse demands of its
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2. “SCOR model links business processes, performance metrics, skills and practices into
a unified structure” Comment. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction (200 words):
The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is a globally recognized framework
that offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating and enhancing supply chain management.
Developed by the Supply Chain Council, the SCOR model has been adopted by numerous
organizations worldwide to standardize their supply chain processes, measure their
performance, and benchmark against industry best practices. At its core, the SCOR model
seeks to integrate various elements of supply chain management, including business
processes, performance metrics, skills, and best practices, into a cohesive and unified
3. Yomato is an Indian multinational restaurant aggregator and food delivery
company. Company reported first-ever profitable quarter brought a whole lot of
cheer among management. Company is also planning to expand its business to other
countries as well.
a. Explain various competitive dimensions in detail that company needs to
rework to get sustainable profitability. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Yomato, an Indian multinational restaurant aggregator and food delivery company, has
recently achieved a significant milestone by reporting its first-ever profitable quarter. This
accomplishment has invigorated the management and has set the stage for the company’s
ambitious plans to expand internationally. As Yomato embarks on this new chapter, it is
b. You are appointed as consultant for the Yomato. Suggest some corporate level
strategies that ultimately helps them. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Yomato, having established itself as a prominent player in the Indian food delivery and
restaurant aggregation sector, stands at a pivotal juncture in its growth trajectory. As the
company contemplates its next steps, especially in light of its recent profitability and
international expansion plans, corporate-level strategies become paramount. These strategies
will not only guide Yomato’s overarching vision but also ensure that its business units and
Operations Management
December 2023 Examination
Q.1 Tesla Motors is considering India for setting up its manufacturing facility. As
regional head, you have been assigned the most critical decision of choosing a location
for your business setup. What are the various factors that you will consider for
narrowing down on a facility location for your business? Also, justify your selection
with some facts based on the choice of your location as you why you feel that location is
appropriate for setting up the manufacturing facility. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving landscape of the automotive industry, Tesla Motors stands as a beacon
of innovation and sustainability. As the company looks to expand its global footprint, India
emerges as a potential destination for its next manufacturing facility. India, with its vast
market potential, burgeoning middle class, and strategic location, offers a unique blend of
opportunities and challenges for global manufacturers. However, the decision to set up a
manufacturing facility is not one to be taken lightly. It requires a thorough analysis of various
factors that can influence the success and profitability of the venture. From infrastructural
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Q.2 Explain the need for a good layout and compare the different types of layouts used
in operations management, emphasizing their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Post that, analyze the specific challenges and opportunities associated with both the
cloud kitchen format and dine-in restaurant setups. Finally, make a recommendation on
the most suitable layout type for each format, providing a justification for your choice
based on how the selected layout addresses the unique needs and challenges of each
format. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Operations management is the backbone of any organization, ensuring that business processes
run smoothly, efficiently, and effectively. One of the pivotal aspects of operations
management is the design and implementation of an appropriate layout. A layout refers to the
arrangement of physical facilities such as machinery, equipment, furniture, and the like, in a
manner that optimizes the flow of work, materials, and people within an organization. A welldesigned

layout not only enhances operational efficiency but also improves worker
productivity, reduces production time, minimizes material handling costs, and ensures safety.
Q.3 A famous patisserie brand is planning to open a new mid-sized pastry shop near
your locality. Considering their expertise and knowledge in manufacturing and
branding their product offerings, they are confident of getting into the new pastry shop
operations. The standard offering, which is ready-to-eat single items, takes nearly 20
minutes for one worker, while the extended multiple items required in bulk take 30
minutes. On the other hand, custom-made items require three workers to spend 25
minutes each.
The company is interested in identifying the right number of workers required in its
shop. Using the data given in the table below:
Type of pastry
Demand in the next 4 weeks
offered
1
2
3
4
Standard single
2000
2200
2800
2500
items
Extended multi-
1700
1600
1300
1000
items
Custom-made
500
600
200
400
items
a) Estimate the aggregate capacity required at the patisserie brand during the next four
weeks. Also, if the company employs 29 workers for six days a week and 10 hours a day,
compute the capacity available in its current level of working.
Is the capacity adequate to meet the demand, and if not, how much additional capacity
do they need? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The success of any business, especially in the food industry, hinges on its ability to match
capacity with demand. For a renowned patisserie brand venturing into a new locality,
understanding the capacity requirements is crucial to ensure that they can meet customer
demand without incurring unnecessary costs. This analysis aims to estimate the aggregate
capacity required by the patisserie over the next four weeks based on the demand forecast and
capacity shortfall promptly to ensure they can meet customer demand, maintain their
b) What alternatives would you recommend to the patisserie brand to solve their
capacity problem, and if they are ready to recruit, then how many workers should they
recruit? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Capacity management is a delicate balance between meeting demand and controlling costs.
For the patisserie brand, the challenge lies in addressing the capacity shortfall without
compromising on service quality or incurring excessive costs. While recruitment is a direct
solution, it’s essential to explore various alternatives that can provide both short-term and
Organisational Behaviour
December 2023 Examination
Question 1) Rajesh works as a Manager-(Employee relations & wellbeing) in a leading
organisation. He deals with all the behavioral issues in the workplace.Varun his
colleague in marketing department always mocks at him saying that with the kind of
profile he has, in which he needs to look after the organisational behaviour overall does
not call for much work. He also tells him (Rajesh) that marketing department has to
face a lot of challenges which people from his domain cannot fathom. Rajesh then
smirks and lists down all the challenges to Varun. What all challenges could Rajesh face
in terms of organisational behaviour? Discuss. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving corporate landscape, organizational behavior (OB) stands as a critical
domain that examines the influence of individuals, groups, and structures on behavior within
an organization. Rajesh, as a Manager in charge of Employee Relations & Wellbeing, holds a
pivotal role that goes beyond mere superficial interactions. His responsibilities delve deep
into understanding and fostering a conducive environment for employees to be productive,
motivated, and satisfied. While every department in an organization faces its unique set of
challenges, it is crucial not to undermine the complexities involved in managing human
behavior. Rajesh’s role is analogous to the backbone of the organization, ensuring harmony,
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Question 2) Consider any leader of your choice and discuss his traits as a leader with
the help of any one leadership theory. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Leadership, an essential aspect of management, often determines an organization’s direction,
pace, and success. Over time, myriad theories have emerged attempting to elucidate the
nature and characteristics of effective leaders. One iconic leader who has made a significant
mark on the world stage is Nelson Mandela, the anti-apartheid revolutionary who went on to
become South Africa’s first black president. His leadership style and qualities have been
celebrated, analyzed, and emulated by many across the globe. By applying the
Transformational Leadership Theory to Mandela’s leadership style, we can uncover the
Question 3) Rohit works as a designer in a décor company but since past few months he
is not happy with the kind of work he has been doing. He wants to go back to fashion
industry from where he originally hails. He is really not able to concentrate in his
current work and it shows in his behaviour as he snaps at people at the drop of a hat.
He is thinking of consulting his colleague and best friend Ajit in order to resolve this
kind of behaviour. Keeping this scenario in mind, explain:
a) What kind of conflict Rohit is facing here? Explain. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Conflicts are an inherent part of human interactions, especially in professional settings. These
conflicts can manifest due to various internal or external triggers, leading to emotional,
cognitive, or behavioral changes. In the case of Rohit, his experience at the décor company
and his longing to return to the fashion industry reveal underlying layers of personal conflict.
b) What can Ajit suggest Rohit for resolving such conflict? Discuss. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In situations where intrapersonal conflicts take a toll on an individual’s well-being and
performance, external guidance, especially from trusted individuals, can be invaluable. Ajit,
being Rohit’s colleague and close friend, is uniquely positioned to offer insights and
suggestions. Armed with an understanding of the corporate culture and a personal bond with
Organisation Culture
December 2023 Examination
1. Culture can be a double-edged sword, serving as an asset or a liability for an
organization. Analyse the concept of “culture as a liability” with respect to its potential
negative effects on organizational performance, employee behaviour, and overall
organisational engagement outcomes. Provide an example of a company that has
experienced culture-related liabilities and analyse the reasons behind the challenges.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Organizational culture, often described as the lifeblood of a company, is a complex tapestry
of values, beliefs, and practices that shape how employees interact, make decisions, and
perceive their roles. While a positive culture can drive innovation, foster collaboration, and
enhance overall performance, it can also, paradoxically, become a liability. When misaligned
with the organization’s goals or the external environment, culture can hinder adaptability,
breed complacency, and even perpetuate harmful behaviors. Such a culture not only affects
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2. Identify and debunk three common myths about organizational culture. Provide a
detailed explanation of each myth and support your arguments with real-life example or
a case study that illustrate the negative impact of believing in these myths. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Organizational culture, often described as the lifeblood of a company, is the set of shared
values, beliefs, and practices that shape the behavior of its members. It is the invisible hand
that guides the actions, decisions, and interactions of employees, influencing everything from
productivity to job satisfaction. However, as with many complex concepts, there are
numerous myths surrounding organizational culture. These myths, if believed and acted upon,
can lead to misguided strategies, misaligned priorities, and even organizational dysfunction.
Understanding and debunking these myths is crucial for leaders and managers who aim to
3.a. Analyse the role of communication in the process of changing organizational
culture. How can leaders effectively communicate the need for change, foster
employee engagement, and overcome resistance during times of significant
transformation? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Communication stands as the cornerstone of any successful organizational change, especially
when it pertains to shifting culture. As organizations evolve, the need to adapt and modify the
prevailing culture becomes imperative. However, the process of change is often met with
resistance, skepticism, and apprehension. Leaders, in their pivotal role, must harness the
power of effective communication to navigate these challenges. This discourse will explore
3.b. Analyse the risks and benefits of cultural alignment in mergers and
acquisitions, citing a real-world example. How can leaders effectively balance
cultural differences to achieve successful post-merger integration and preserve the
strengths of each organisation involved? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are strategic moves that companies undertake to achieve
growth, diversification, or competitive advantage. While financial and operational aspects are
often at the forefront of M&A discussions, the significance of cultural alignment cannot be
understated. Cultural integration plays a pivotal role in determining the success or failure of
such ventures. This discourse will delve into the risks and benefits of cultural alignment in
Organisational Theory, Structure and Design
December 2023 Examination
1. Henri Fayol, the father of the classical approach was the first to present his
observations on organisational management. What according to you are the 4 major
principles driving this approach that are still relevant in today’s organisations? Give
suitable examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Henri Fayol, often heralded as the pioneer of classical management theory, introduced a
systematic approach to organizational management in the early 20th century. His principles,
derived from his experiences as a mining engineer and executive, laid the foundation for
modern management practices. While the business landscape has evolved dramatically since
Fayol’s time, many of his principles remain relevant and are still applied in contemporary
organizations. These principles, which were originally intended to improve efficiency and
effectiveness in businesses, have transcended time and technological advancements. Today,
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2. LookBook is launching its new mobile application. It is facing many internal
management problems. According to Greiner’s Organisational Growth Model, explain
the different phases of crisis that the company may go through. Highlight with
examples. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of business, organizations often undergo various phases of growth, each
accompanied by its unique set of challenges. As companies expand and evolve, they are
likely to encounter specific crises that can act as both barriers and catalysts for further
development. LookBook, with its recent venture into launching a new mobile application, is
no exception to this rule. While the excitement of a new product launch can be exhilarating, it
can also bring to light underlying internal management issues that need addressing. Greiner’s
Organisational Growth Model, developed by Larry E. Greiner in 1972, provides a
3. Ashish and Avanti are planning to enhance the organisational effectiveness of their ecommerce
start-up business. Keeping the above scenario
in
mind,
a. How do you think they will measure the organisational effectiveness of their business?
Add examples (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, e-commerce start-ups face a plethora of challenges,
from intense competition to ever-changing consumer preferences. For Ashish and Avanti,
ensuring the organizational effectiveness of their e-commerce start-up is paramount to its
success. Organizational effectiveness refers to the extent to which an organization achieves
b. They are in favor of the systems approach. Explain this and state what the benefits
of it, with examples. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the realm of organizational management, various approaches can be employed to
understand and enhance the functioning of a business. One such approach that Ashish and
Avanti favor is the systems approach. Rooted in the belief that an organization is akin to a
system composed of interrelated parts, this approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of
various organizational components. By viewing their e-commerce start-up through the lens of
Performance Management System
December 2023 Examination
Q1. You are the HR Manager of a well-established manufacturing company that has been
using traditional methods of performance appraisal for many years. The management team
is considering a potential shift to more modern performance management approaches.
Your task is to provide an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of
traditional performance appraisal methods in the context of your organization.
Ans:
Introduction
Performance appraisal is essential to managing worker performance and development within
organizations. Historically, performance appraisal methods were widely used by groups for
evaluating and assessing worker performance. But nowadays, there has been a shift towards
more modern and comprehensive performance management techniques. This shift is driven by
the want for more excellent, effective ways to manage and develop skills, align worker desires
with organizational targets, and foster continuous improvement and engagement.
In this analysis, we will delve into the benefits and disadvantages of traditional performance
appraisal techniques inside the context of a well-established manufacturing employer.
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Q2. Imagine you are the Team Leader of a cross-functional project team responsible for
developing a cutting-edge software product. The success of the project heavily relies on
effective team performance management. Outline a comprehensive process for managing
your team’s performance throughout the project lifecycle.
Ans:
Introduction
Managing team performance is essential for the achievement of any project, particularly in the
dynamic and rapidly evolving field of software development. A well-structured and efficient
group performance management process ensures the project stays on course, achieves its targets,
and provides an high-quality product within the defined timelines and budget. This document
outlines a comprehensive procedure for managing team performance at some stage in the
assignment lifecycle, focusing on a pass-useful software development task.
Concept & Application
1. Setting Clear Goals and Expectations
Establishing clear goals and expectations is the foundational step in managing team performance.
Q3 a) As the HR Manager of a dynamic tech company, your task is to implement the
Management by Objectives (MBO) approach. Choose a specific department within your
organization and outline the five steps of MBO to enhance performance, collaboration, and
goal attainment within that department.
Ans:
Introduction
In the fast-paced and ever-evolving world of technology, effective management, and intention
attainment are crucial for the achievement of any organization. The marketing department inside
XYZ Tech is pivotal in using growth and establishing a solid brand presence inside the market.
To optimize performance, enhance collaboration, and achieve organizational targets, enforcing
Q3b) You are the newly appointed HR Manager of a dynamic software development
company known for its innovative products. The company is committed to nurturing
employee growth and maximizing their potential. As part of this endeavor, you are asked to
design performance agreements for the company’s software development teams. How will
you design it?
Ans:
Introduction
In the fast-paced and dynamic world of software development, corporations should continuously
innovate, adapt, and maximize their teams’ potential to live ahead in the market. Setting clear
expectations and goals via performance agreements is critical to achieving that. Performance
agreements act as roadmaps, aligning individual and team dreams with organizational targets,
Performance Management System
December 2023 Examination
1. You have joined as HR Manager at Sonata Logistics which is a five year old
company. You are required to design a ‘360 degree appraisal form’ as a method of
employee appraisal. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s dynamic business environment, organizations are constantly seeking ways to
enhance their human resource practices to retain talent and ensure optimal performance.
Sonata Logistics, a five-year-old company, is no exception. As the newly appointed HR
Manager, one of the pivotal tasks at hand is to introduce a robust appraisal system that not
only evaluates an employee’s performance but also provides a holistic view of their
competencies, strengths, and areas of improvement. The ‘360-degree appraisal’ emerges as a
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2. Network Limited is a computer hardware manufacturer and is introducing selfappraisal
as
a
method
for
employee
evaluation.
Design
a
employee
self
appraisal
form.

(10
marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving corporate landscape, the traditional methods of employee
evaluation are undergoing significant transformations. One such innovative approach that has
gained traction in recent years is the concept of self-appraisal. Network Limited, a leading
computer hardware manufacturer, recognizes the importance of staying abreast of modern HR
practices and is keen on introducing self-appraisal as a method for employee evaluation. At
its core, self-appraisal is a reflective process where employees assess their own performance,
3. SmartClass Ltd is a start-up company that conducts coaching, tuitions for students
across India. The company is expanding rapidly across India and is hiring Teachers.
Using the SMART principles, prepare 2 goals each for each of the following:
a) Training Manager at SmartClass Ltd (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The Training Manager at SmartClass Ltd plays a pivotal role in ensuring that the teachers are
well-equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to deliver quality education. As the
company expands, the need for a robust training mechanism becomes paramount. Setting
clear and actionable goals is essential for the success of the training department. Using the
b) Hiring Manager at SmartClass Ltd (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The Hiring Manager at SmartClass Ltd shoulders the responsibility of recruiting the finest
educators to cater to the company’s burgeoning demands. As SmartClass Ltd grows its
footprint across India, the quest for adept teachers becomes even more pressing. The SMART
(Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) principles offer a structured
Portfolio Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Research says that maximum people do not have financial literacy. For financial
freedom it is necessary to do proper financial planning and for successful financial
planning have to adopt right steps. Explain these steps.
Ans :
Introduction
Financial literacy is a crucial element in achieving financial freedom and security. Sadly, a
massive portion of the population lacks financial literacy, putting them at risk of financial
challenges and hindering their journey toward financial well-being. Financial freedom
includes proper economic planning and strategic management of assets and investments.
Financial planning is a comprehensive process that involves evaluating one’s current financial
status, setting achievable financial goals, and creating a roadmap to attain those goals. A hit
financial planning calls for a systematic approach and adherence to specific steps. These steps
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Q2. Tax planning helps to reduce tax liability. It also helps to take maximum benefit of
tax exemption & tax deduction. If your friend does not know the advantages of tax
planning, so explain how tax planning is helpful to reduce tax burden.
Ans:
Introduction
In financial control, tax planning is an essential and critical discipline that allows people and
organizations to strategically navigate the complex panorama of taxation. The essence of tax
planning lies within the art of minimizing tax liability through a meticulous understanding
and application of tax laws, rules, exemptions, and deductions. It seeks to lessen the weight
of taxes; however, it also aims to optimize tax benefits and exemptions in the purview of
legality. By intricately arranging financial affairs and transactions, tax planning ensures
taxpayers fulfill their fiscal responsibilities in the most tax-efficient manner possible.
Tax planning is a dynamic process requiring complete knowledge of tax codes and prudent
Q3.
a) “Covariance and Correlation shows the relation between two securities it also show
how they perform together” elaborate it & also calculate correlation coefficient if COV
(x,y) = 1.90, σX = 1.8, σY = 2.2
Ans ;
Introduction
Portfolio management is a vital practice in finance aimed toward optimizing returns while
managing risks. To gain this, buyers often diversify their portfolios by including various
securities. Knowledge of the relationships among those securities is fundamental. Covariance
and correlation are critical to assess those relationships and comprehend how different
b) Mr. Rahul wanted to invest in equity market for that purpose fundamental analysis
is very important. While doing fundamental analysis of any company ratio analysis play
a very important role. Explain the uses of ratio analysis.
Ans:
Introduction
Ratio analysis is a fundamental device in economic analysis, aiding investors like Mr. Rahul
in assessing a company’s performance, economic health, and ability for future growth. It
involves evaluating various financial ratios derived from an organization’s monetary
statements, such as the balance sheet, earnings statement, and cash drift statement. Those
ratios offer vital insights into a company’s operational efficiency, profitability, solvency,
Portfolio Management II
December 2023 Examination
1. The following table gives an analyst’s expected return on two stocks for particular
market returns.
Market Return Aggressive Stock Defensive Stock
6 % – 4 % 7 %
30 % 50 % 15 %
a. What is the ratio of the beta of the aggressive stock to the beta of the
defensive stock? Interpret the result. (3 Marks)
b. If the risk-free rate is 8 % and the probability that the market return is likely to be 6
% and 30 % is 6:4, what is the market risk premium? Interpret the result. (3 Marks)
c. What is the alpha of the aggressive stock? Interpret the result. (4 Marks) (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction

The expected return is the loss or profit an investor anticipates on an investment with the
historical prices of going back (RoR). It’s determined by multiplying ability outcomes
through the chances of them occurring and then totaling these results.
•
The expected return is the income or loss an investor or trader can anticipate receiving
on an investment.
•
An expected go-back is determined by multiplying potential outcomes by using the
odds of them taking place and then totaling these results.
•
expected returns can not be expected.
•
The anticipated return for a portfolio containing various investments is the weighted
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2. Assuming the role of a risk seeking investor, identify 5 Stocks from NIFTY50 and
create a portfolio. Substantiate the rationale for the choice of 5 assets and asset
weight allocations along with risk and return measures. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Risk-seeking is accepting vast danger in finance, regularly related to uncertainty and price
volatility in trading or funding, in exchange for the capacity for maximum returns. Danger
seekers are more inclined toward earning capital profits from property than capital upkeep
from lower-risk assets.
Risk-seeking may be contrasted with chance-averse.
•
Chance-seeking refers to a person inclined to accept extra great economic uncertainty
in alternate for higher returns.
•
Danger-seeking confers the most chance tolerance or the amount of potential losses an
3. a. The table below presents information on four securities whose active returns are
uncorrelated, and forecasts are independent from year to year. Assuming the
benchmark portfolio to be equally weighted across these four securities and forecasted
benchmark return at 15%, compute the portfolio weights and total expected returns for
each of the four securities. Also, compute the active return and total expected return of
the managed portfolio and assess the active risk of the managed portfolio. (5 Marks)
Expected Active
Active Return
Active
A
Security
5%
Return
20%
Volatility
25.00%
Weight
B
10%
40%
12.50%
C
-5%
20%
-25.00%
D
-10%
40%
-12.50%
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Active return is the extra return that results from an investment manager’s trying to pick
suitable investments. It equals the difference between the portfolio return and the benchmark
return. Benchmark return is the go-back that could be earned by passive funding. The goback

on an index represents the investment universe that corresponds to the selected
investment method, i.e., a broad market index such as the S&P 500 or an index representing
3. b. Using the information from the above question (3.a.) verify the basic fundamental
law of active management of portfolio and compute the information ratio. Assume IC =
25% and BR = 4. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The information ratio (IR) measures an investment supervisor’s skill in generating returns
above a benchmark or an index while considering the volatility of the returns. It compares the
return on investment or portfolio to the returns of a version or an index.
The primary motive of the facts ratio (IR) parameter is to evaluate the investment manager’s
Procurement Management
December 2023 Examination
1. XYZ Corporation is a medium-sized manufacturing company that specializes in
producing electronic components. Over the years, the company has experienced
growth and expansion, leading to an increased demand for various raw materials,
components, and services. However, the procurement processes within the
organization have not evolved to accommodate these changes. As a result, there have
been instances of delays in sourcing materials, inconsistent purchase practices, and
potential cost inefficiencies. Evaluate the current purchase policy and procedures at
XYZ Corporation and recommend improvements to the purchase policy and
procedures that could lead to more streamlined and effective procurement processes.
Also, Identify and describe the various requisition types that XYZ Corporation might
encounter in its procurement operations by explaining the importance of categorizing
requisition types and how it can help in better procurement planning and execution.
Lastly, propose a step-by-step process for issuing an RFx for XYZ Corporation to
ensure effective supplier selection and negotiation. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the competitive world of manufacturing, efficient procurement processes can make the
difference between success and stagnation. For a company like XYZ Corporation, which has
witnessed growth and expansion, it’s crucial that the company’s procurement mechanisms are
adaptive, scalable, and able to cater to increasing demands. The challenges XYZ Corporation
currently faces, from sourcing delays and inconsistent purchasing practices to potential cost
inefficiencies, point towards a procurement system that has not kept pace with the company’s
expansion. Properly implemented, streamlined procurement processes not only enhance cost
efficiency but also reduce lead times and ensure timely availability of raw materials and
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2. GlobalMart Inc. is a multinational retail company that operates in various countries.
The company sources products from suppliers located worldwide and distributes them
to its retail stores. However, GlobalMart Inc. has been facing challenges in ensuring
timely and cost-effective transportation and delivery of goods. The lack of
standardized transportation strategies, documentation discrepancies, and limited
shipment traceability have led to operational inefficiencies. Explain the concept of
INCO terms and their significance in international procurement and shipping by
evaluating how selecting appropriate INCO terms can impact GlobalMart Inc.’s
transportation costs and responsibilities. Also, discuss the potential consequences of
inaccurate or incomplete documentation on the transportation and delivery process by
Proposing strategies or technologies that GlobalMart Inc. can implement to improve
shipment tracking and visibility. Lastly, recommend a comprehensive transportation
and logistics strategy that aligns with the company’s global operations, focusing on cost
efficiency and timely delivery. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In today’s globalized world, companies such as GlobalMart Inc. increasingly source products
from across the globe to benefit from diverse markets and cost advantages. However, with
these advantages come complex challenges in managing the procurement and logistics
process. One of the prime aspects of international trade that impacts transportation costs and
responsibilities is the set of universally accepted codes known as INCO terms (International
Commercial Terms). These terms distinctly define the roles and responsibilities of buyers and
sellers in a transaction, affecting the entire logistics process from packaging to delivery.
3. TechCom Solutions is a fast-growing IT services company that provides a wide range
of solutions to its clients. As the company expands its operations, it faces challenges in
effectively sourcing reliable suppliers, streamlining the supplier registration process,
and evaluating supplier performance. These challenges have the potential to impact the
company’s service delivery and profitability.
a) Discuss the importance of conducting spend analysis for TechCom Solutions to
identify cost-saving opportunities and strategic sourcing possibilities. Also,
recommend steps and criteria for enhancing the supplier selection process, ensuring the
registration of qualified and reliable suppliers. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In a rapidly evolving industry like IT services, a company’s operational efficiency and
profitability are deeply intertwined with its procurement strategies. For TechCom Solutions,
as it sails through its expansion phase, the procurement of quality services and products from
reliable suppliers is paramount. Conducting spend analysis and refining supplier selection
processes are crucial steps in ensuring that the company not only maintains its service quality
b) Discuss how understanding total cost ownership can contribute to TechCom
Solutions’ decision-making process when selecting suppliers and products. Also, explain
how ABC can help TechCom Solutions allocate costs more accurately and make
informed procurement decisions. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the intricate world of procurement and supplier management, superficial evaluations often
lead to unforeseen expenses. For an organization like TechCom Solutions, delving deeper
into the ‘Total Cost of Ownership’ (TCO) and leveraging tools like Activity-Based Costing
(ABC) can substantially enhance decision-making. These methodologies ensure that the
company doesn’t merely view costs on the surface but comprehends the full spectrum of
Production & Total Quality Management
December 2023 Examination
1. In any organization, Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management framework
based on the belief that an organization can build long-term success by having all its
members — from low-level workers to its highest-ranking executives — focus on improving
quality and, thus, delivering customer satisfaction. Considering the fact, bring about the
different principles of Total Quality Management?
Ans:
Introduction
Total quality management (TQM) represents a complete and transformative management method
that has revolutionized how businesses view quality and customer satisfaction. Originating
within the mid-20th century, TQM has garnered a substantial reputation in recent years, guiding
companies toward sustainable fulfillment by ensuring all corporation members are dedicated to
enhancing quality. This essay delves into the ideas, principles, and packages of total excellent
management, highlighting how it has evolved into a fundamental philosophy for modern
businesses.
Total quality management fundamentally revolves around the belief that an organization can
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2. Product is the most fundamental part of any business. Product design is the process of
ideating, developing, and refining products that meet specific market needs and solve user
problems. Considering the fact, identify the different factors affecting the product design?
Ans;
Introduction:
Product design is a critical issue of any business, serving as the cornerstone of its success. It
encompasses the manner of conceiving, developing, and refining products that not only fulfill
market demands but also cope with consumer desires and troubles effectively. In a modern-day
highly aggressive business landscape, understanding and harnessing the elements influencing
product layout is essential for staying ahead and achieving sustainable growth.
Product layout is not limited to physical goods; it extends to software, services, and reviews,
making it a versatile and essential factor of modern business. The effectiveness of product layout
3. ” A product is the item offered for sale. A product can be a service or an item. It can be
physical or in virtual or cyber form. Every product is made at a cost and each is sold at a
price. The price that can be charged depends on the market, the quality, the marketing and
the segment that is targeted.”
a. A product life cycle is the amount of time a product goes from being introduced into the
market until it’s taken off the shelves. Based on the same, find out the different stages of
Product Life Cycle in relationship with production system.
Ans:
Introduction
The introduction stage of the Product Life Cycle marks the initial phase when a product is
introduced to the market. This stage is critical for the product’s achievement, setting the
foundation for its whole lifecycle. This section involves meticulous planning, research, and
development regarding the production system.
Inside the production gadget, businesses focus on extensive research and improvement (R&D) to
conceptualize and design the product all through the introduction stage. Engineers, designers,
b. Products are any items sold to a customer. A product is usually a raw material, a refined
material or a completed item. Products can also be nontangible, such as services or virtual
products like software or in-app purchases in mobile games. Considering the same bring
about the steps that are involved in the product development process with the help of
suitable example
Ans:
Introduction
The product development procedure is a crucial aspect of the business method, involving
developing and enhancing products to fulfill purchaser needs efficiently. It encompasses diverse
levels, each critical for ensuring the fulfillment of a product in the market. This essay explores
the multifaceted product development journey, highlighting its significance and laying the muse
Project Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1: In the Ocean data Consultancy, there is a project on service marketing. As part of
its statistical modelling, a team supposed to write the SAS codes on ANOVA,
Regression, and correlation. In a team of 8 people, all can write the codes on those three
statistical techniques. Time required to finish SAS coding is given below.
(10 Marks)
Writing SAS codes
Time requirement
ANOVA
2 days
Regression
5 days
Correlation
3 days
Team members: Suresh, Kamini, Amrita, Simaran, Rahul, Kaina, Simona, and
Rachna
For Resource levelling it has been observed by team leader (Chandresh) that Suresh,
Kamini, Rahul, and Rachna are relatively better for writing SAS codes on regression,
while Amrita and Simaran are better for ANOVA.
 Draw network diagram activity on arrow.
 Diagram of resources before levelling
 Diagram of resources after levelling
Note: For the above Diagram, you may use MS Word, MS Excel or MS PowerPoint.
Please copy the diagram from Excel / PowerPoint or any other software and
paste it in your Assignment Document
Ans 1.
Introduction
Project control uses particular know-how, skills, tools, and strategies to deliver value to the
audience. Developing software for an efficient business method, the relief effort after a herbal
calamity, the construction of a building, and the growth of income into a new market are all
times of projects.
All projects are temporary techniques to create fees via a specific product, result, or service.
All tasks have an end and a start. They have a team, a timetable, a budget, and a set of
expectations the crew ought to meet. Each project differs from the other and recurring
activities—the ongoing sports of a company—because tasks conclude as soon as the
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Q2: Set up a task board based on the following scenario involving Harshika Karihaloo’s
Kashmiri Kahwa business: (10 Marks) Scenario:
Harshika Karihaloo operates a business specializing in Kashmiri Kahwa, a popular
herbal tea. The ingredients used in her product include Green Tea, Liquorice, Ginger,
Cloves, Cardamom, Nutmeg, dried Rose Petals, Black Pepper, Almonds, and Saffron.
As of August 20th, 2023, all ingredients except for Saffron and Rose Petals are available
in her inventory. Harshika placed an order for all the ingredients a week ago to fulfil an
upcoming consignment of 1000 packages. Saffron and rose petals are crucial for the
final stage of making Kahwa and must be used in their raw, untreated form. Harshika’s
staff members, Niharika and Sapna, are currently working on peeling cardamom,
which will take an additional 2 days. Shabba and Rhyma have completed the green tea
drying process. Shobhana and Farha are in the process of grinding ginger and require a
few more hours to finish. Simran has completed the grinding and mixing of the other
ingredients, such as Liquorice, Cloves, Nutmeg, Black Pepper, and Almonds. The final
mixing of all ingredients is overseen by Salima. Additionally, Malika and Sharmila have
ordered packaging bottles, which are currently stored in inventory. They will initiate
the packaging process once all ingredients are mixed, a process estimated to begin 3 to 4
days later.
Task/Activity Order:
1. Order all ingredients.
2. Store ingredients in inventory
3. Dry tea leaves
4. Grind ingredients (Liquorice, Ginger, Cloves, Nutmeg, Black Pepper, Almonds)
5. Peel cardamom
6. Mix all ingredients.
7. Package Kahwa
8. Prepare for dispatch.
You can visualize this information on a task board for today (20th August 2023),
organizing tasks in a linear order and tracking their progress as they move through
different stages.
Ans 2.
Introduction
A project board is a tool individuals, teams, or businesses use to represent work and its
direction to completion. This includes sports that are in progress, completed tasks, and
upcoming tasks that may be in a backlog. Jobs are commonly represented by ‘cards’ and may
be arranged within something as easy as some columns drawn on a board or dispersed
amongst various levels of the employer.
Regardless of complexity or intensity, assignment forums are an essential part of organizing
work that assists people in collaborating, prioritizing, and supplying a better, excellent quit

Q3: Here Amrita Taploo, MBA student of NMIMS, got the assignment on the strategic
management.
She has to plan this, and list of activities are as follows along with three types of time
estimation of completion.
Note: The figures in the below table are in days.
Activity
code
Activities for the Assignment
Optimistic
Time
Most
likely
time
Pessimistic
Time
A
Searching an assignment topic
2
2.5
3
B
sorting assignment topics
2
2.5
3
C
Selection of Topic
3
4
5
D
Formulating the basic structure of assignment
4
5
6
E
Planning and preparing the blueprint for
the assignment work
5
5
6
F
Working on assignment as per the blueprint
10
12
14
Part A Calculate the Expected time. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Strategic management entails developing plans to help an organization achieve its goals. This
process can include formulating methods, planning organizational structure and resource
allocation, leading change tasks, and controlling processes and resources.
Strategic planning involves:
Identifying business challenges.
Choosing the grand strategy.
Part B Calculate the variance. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Variance takes on a distinct definition in project control compared to its statistical
counterpart. Here, Variance in assignment management refers to a measurable deviation from
a recognized standard or baseline, indicating the disparity between anticipated outcomes and
tangible achievements.
Using project Variance analysis, assignment managers can gain valuable insights into project
Project Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Assume your company has got the contract to build a new airport in Goa. It is a
very important project for you and your company. How are you going to manage the
different stages of the project? (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Undertaking the mammoth task of constructing a new airport in Goa requires an intricate
blend of meticulous planning, efficient execution, and consistent oversight. Airports are not
just large-scale infrastructural projects, but they also symbolize a region’s progress and
connectivity. As the project manager for this prestigious assignment, my role is not only to
ensure timely completion but to ascertain the final outcome meets the highest standards of
safety, sustainability, and functionality. The city of Goa, renowned for its tourism, deserves
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Q2. The activity involved in a certain project have been identified as follows:
Job
Time
No. of Men required
Precedence requirements
(weeks)
A
5
1
–
B
10
1
A
C
8
2
A
D
6
3
B,C
E
7
1
B,C
F
4
2
E
G
4
2
D,F
H
2
1
G
a. For the above project draw the network (using the MS word line function) and
determine the critical path.
b. If there are three men available at any one time how long would the project take and
how would you allocate the men to the activities?
c. If there are no restrictions on the amount of labour available, explain how you would
schedule the activities? (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In project management, an activity network diagram or a project network diagram is a visual
representation of the sequential flow and the dependencies of different tasks involved in a
project. This tool provides clarity regarding the start and finish times of each task, aiding in
identifying the project’s critical path. The critical path method (CPM) is an algorithm used to
plan a set of project activities. It identifies the most extended path of the planned activities to
the end of the project, and the earliest and latest that each activity can start and finish without
Q3. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) that runs Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel
Plant (VISP) at Bhadravati in Karnataka decided to close the unit last year. Founded in
1954, SAIL operates and owns five integrated steel plants at Bhilai, Rourkela,
Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur (Asansol) and three special steel plants at Salem,
Durgapur and Bhadravathi. SAIL has declared VISP a loss-making unit. Please
suggest:
a. A transition plan for the project and factors that might affect the smooth
termination of the projects. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The decision to close a unit, especially one with historical significance like the Visvesvaraya
Iron and Steel Plant (VISP) operated by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), is never
easy. Such decisions often come with a myriad of challenges, both logistical and emotional.
A well-structured transition plan is essential to ensure that the termination process is smooth,
minimizing disruptions and addressing the concerns of all stakeholders involved. This plan
b. List down the contents of Closure report and the post closure activities you would
suggest to be undertaken. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The closure of a significant unit like the Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant (VISP)
necessitates a comprehensive closure report. This report serves as a formal documentation of
the entire termination process, capturing key decisions, actions, and outcomes. It provides
insights into the reasons for closure, the steps taken, and the results achieved. Beyond the
report, post-closure activities are crucial to ensure that the site and its stakeholders transition
Quantitative Methods for Valuation
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Cleansing of Text is an important activity executed in Data Analytics. Assuming
yourself as a Data Consultant, you have been tasked to cleanse text. How will you
progress with the activity? Explain with suitable examples. (10 Marks)
Ans :
Introduction
In the ever-expanding landscape of data analytics, the importance of textual content data can’t
be overstated. Text records, comprising outstanding amounts of unstructured information,
fuel various applications across various domains. But extracting meaningful insights from
these facts gives a unique set of challenges. Preparing these uncooked textual facts for
evaluation is called textual content facts cleansing or preprocessing. It involves meticulously
cleaning and transforming unstructured text into a structured layout that can be effectively
analyzed, paving the manner for accurate and actionable insights.
This advent delves into the critical role of text statistics cleaning in facts analytics. We will
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Q2. Error Analysis involves True Positive Rate and False Positive Rate. How are these
two Rates measured? How are they different from Type 1 and Type 2 Errors? Your
answer should be able to give examples related to Valuation. (10 Marks)
Ans :
Introduction
Errors analysis is vital to assessing the overall performance and accuracy of various systems,
fashions, or processes. In multiple fields like system learning, medicine, finance, and more, it
allows comparing the effectiveness of a device’s predictions or decisions. This analysis
involves understanding and calculating key metrics such as actual acceptable price (TPR) and
false positive charge (FPR), which are fundamental in assessing the reliability of a system.
Concept of True Positive Rate and False Positive Rate
Valid positive rate (TPR), or sensitivity or consideration, is the proportion of real superb
cases effectively identified by the model or system. Mathematically, TPR is calculated as:
Q3. a) In a classic simulation, distribution of values is estimated for each input
parameter in the analysis for example growth, market share etc. In this reference for
simulation of growth mention how would you execute the activity? (5 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
The advent units the degree for knowledge of the simulation of growth. It elucidates the
importance of growth simulation in strategic business decision-making and provides a toplevel view of what it
involves. It has to cope
with the
significance of
accurate
growth
b) The number of simulations runs depends on three parameters. Explain the
importance of these three parameters. (5 Marks)
Ans :
Introduction
As a crucial tool in various fields, simulation is predicated closely on three fundamental
parameters that notably affect the results and effectiveness of the simulation runs. Those
parameters, encompassing aspects like enter values, version complexity, and simulation
period, play a pivotal position in shaping the accuracy and reliability of simulated results.
This newsletter delves into the importance of these three parameters, elucidating how they
Research Methodology
December 2023 Examination
Q1: Refer the 3-paper got published in the span of 2020 to 2023, on the motives on
Instagram usage in India, and prepare the literature survey. (10 Marks)
Note, for intext citation and referencing you should select APA style.
Ans 1.
Introduction
Executive summary
The goal of the overview is to decide the motives behind the usage of Instagram in India.
Instagram’sgrowth in India has been nothing short of growing, with the platform becoming a
staple of daily life for millions of Indians. As the popularity of visual storytelling continues to
leap, Instagram has become the go-to platform for individuals, companies, and influencers,
providing a dynamic space for creativity, connection, and network building. From sharing
captivating snap shots and motion pictures to interacting with various content, Indian users
have embraced Instagram’s vibrant ecosystem, shaping developments and riding
unprecedented user engagement. This outstanding surge in Instagram’s base in India reflects
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Q2: Envision yourself leading an interview as part of a study investigating the reasons
behind the creation of YouTube Shorts. Your focus is on individuals who manage foodrelated

channels, crafting content about various dishes and their cooking processes.
Specifically, you will be concentrating on creators from Mumbai. The primary aim of
your research is to delve into the motivations driving food content creators in Mumbai
to produce Shorts. Your task involves designing a structured interview guide for this
purpose. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
YouTubeShorts is a new feature launched by YouTube to cater to the growing demand for
short-shape videos. It’s a TikTok-inspired platform that enables content creators to make 152d

videos and interact with their audience in a whole new way. The concept behind this
feature is simple – it lets users create quick, chunk-sized, clean content to devour and share
with others. One of the primary reasons YouTube made Shorts is the considerable popularity
of apps like TikTok and Instagram Reels. Those structures have clarified that people enjoy
watching and growing brief-shape video content, so YouTube wanted to provide its users
Q3 A: Interpret the following correlation output generated by SPSS. (5 Marks)
The following correlation output is derived using the data on production of rice and the
area under this crop. The reference year is 2014. Data source: OGD
The following correlation output is derived using the data on production of rice and
the area under this crop. The reference year is 2014. Data source: OGD
Correlatio
ns
Rice_2014
production
Metric Tons
Irrigation_20
14_Area
Hectare
Rice_2014 production Pearson
Metric Tons Correlation
1
**
.819
.000
22
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
22
Irrigation_2014_Area Pearson
Hectare Correlation
**
1
.8
19
.000
22
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
22
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Correlation coefficients calculate the strength of the relationship of two. A correlation among
variables depicts that as one variable changes in cost, the other variable is likewise dynamic
in a specific direction. Understanding that courting is beneficial because we will use one
variable’s price to predict the other variable’s value.
For example, weight and top are correlated—as height increases, weight tends to increase.
Q3 B: Interpret the following Chi-square output generated by software. Here 45
respondents were asked to share their opinion regarding the TV shows, they can answer
in three ways; Educational, Entertaining, and wastage of time. Write the Hypothesis
and interpret the results with 95 % of confidence. (5 Marks)
Gender_of_respondent * Opinion regarding TV shows Crosstabulation
Count
Opinion regarding TV shows
waste of
time
Gender_Of_respon Female 13
3
5
21
dent Male 5
8
11
24
educational entertaining
Total
18
11
16
45
Total
Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
7.913a
2
.019
N of Valid Cases
45
Value
df
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
5.13.
Ans 3b.
Introduction
A Pearson’s chi-square test can be defined as a statistical check for categorical statistics. It
determines whether your data significantly differs from what you forecasted. There are
various kinds of Pearson’s chi-square tests:
•
The chi-square goodness of fit test is utilized to test whether the frequency
distribution of a ca variable is different from your predictions.
Research Methodology
December 2023 Examination
1. Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative research methods. Apollo
hospitals wants to investigate the factors contributing to patient satisfaction in their
hospitals. Develop a research plant using mixed-method approach and outline the steps
you would take to conduct research. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Research methodologies are pivotal in understanding and interpreting various phenomena.
Broadly, research methods are categorized into qualitative and quantitative approaches, each
with its unique set of techniques, tools, and paradigms. Qualitative research delves deep into
understanding human behavior, emotions, and patterns, often focusing on the ‘why’ and ‘how’
of phenomena. It is exploratory in nature and relies on methods like interviews, focus groups,
and observations. On the other hand, quantitative research seeks to quantify data and typically
applies statistical analysis. It is structured and uses measurable data to formulate facts and
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2. Netflix is interested in examining the relationship between user interface design and
customer satisfaction. How would you design an experimental study to investigate this
relationship, and what variables would you manipulate and measure?
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the digital age, the user interface (UI) of a platform plays a pivotal role in determining the
overall user experience. For streaming giants like Netflix, where content is abundant, the ease
of navigating, discovering, and interacting with this content can significantly influence
customer satisfaction. The relationship between UI design and customer satisfaction is not
just about aesthetics; it encompasses functionality, intuitiveness, and responsiveness. As
competition in the streaming industry intensifies, understanding this relationship becomes
paramount for Netflix to retain and grow its user base. This study aims to design an
3. The once-promising metaverse, envisioned as the future of virtual reality, has faced a
remarkable and abrupt downfall. Its rise and fall present a unique opportunity to
explore the intricate challenges of constructing interconnected virtual worlds. This
article investigates the contributing factors to the metaverse’s demise and examines the
valuable lessons learned from this ambitious venture. Originally introduced as “Meta,”
an offspring of popular media such as “Tron” and “Second Life,” the metaverse gained
significant attention and investment frenzy. However, a lack of clear direction and
coherent vision for the product ultimately led to its decline. As the tech industry shifted
its focus to generative AI, the fate of the metaverse was sealed, landing it among the
failed ideas in the tech industry’s graveyard. This short-lived and inglorious ending of
the metaverse serves as a harsh critique of the tech industry that once championed its
creation.
a. Develop qualitative questions for conducting interview to understand if Metaverse
has actually failed?
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The metaverse, once hailed as the next frontier in virtual reality, has seen a tumultuous
journey from its inception to its perceived decline. While many narratives suggest its
downfall, it’s essential to approach this topic with a balanced perspective. Interviews,
especially with stakeholders and users, can provide invaluable insights into the true status and
potential future of the metaverse. By formulating qualitative questions, we aim to delve
b. Interview 4-5 respondents for with the questions formulated and generate themes to
evaluate the future of metaverse?
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The metaverse, with its ambitious promise of interconnected virtual worlds, has been a topic
of much debate and speculation. To truly understand its trajectory and potential future, we
conducted interviews with several respondents, leveraging the qualitative questions
previously formulated. These respondents, representing a mix of users, developers, and
Retail Banking
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Retail bank has different distribution channels to facilitate customers and give him
different options to use banking services. This choice helps the customer to choose the
channel he deems fit at that point of time. Explain the different channels and also
explain why banks are discouraging customers to visit branch for financial transactions.
(10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Retail banking, as an industry, has witnessed a remarkable transformation in recent years,
largely due to technological advancements. The introduction of diverse distribution channels
has been pivotal in redefining the customer experience. This transformation has not only
empowered customers with more choices but has also allowed banks to streamline their
operations, enhance efficiency, and reduce costs. In this context, it is essential to explore the
various distribution channels in retail banking, their significance, and understand why banks
are steering customers away from physical branches for financial
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Q2. Credit appraisal is an important step in doing financial due diligence. If this action
is not carried out properly it may result in bad loan and subsequent NPA. Explain the
basic lending principles and the role of credit scoring and CIBIL score. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of retail banking, prudent lending practices are essential to ensure the
health of the financial institution and protect the interests of both lenders and borrowers. The
cornerstone of these practices lies in credit appraisal, a meticulous process that evaluates the
creditworthiness of borrowers before extending credit facilities. An effective credit appraisal
process not only minimizes the risk of bad loans but also safeguards against the emergence of
Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) that can severely impact a bank’s financial stability and
reputation. The principles of lending and the role of credit scoring, as well as the Credit
Information Bureau (CIBIL) score, are instrumental in shaping this process. In this
discussion, we will delve into these fundamental concepts that underpin responsible lending
Q3. Today we are in era of e-banking/digital banking. Brick and mortar banking
is virtually coming to an end. Technology has deeply pervaded banks and is playing an
important role in increasing performance, accuracy and speed. Discuss the importance
of the following in digital banking:
a) Artificial intelligence (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The landscape of banking has transformed dramatically in the digital age, with brick-andmortar

branches giving way to the era of e-banking or digital banking. Technology,
particularly artificial intelligence (AI), has emerged as a pivotal force reshaping the industry.
AI has brought forth unprecedented possibilities in enhancing banking performance,
accuracy, and speed. This discussion explores the vital importance of AI in the realm of
b) Multifactor authentication (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the digital banking era, security is paramount, and protecting customers’ sensitive financial
information is non-negotiable. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a critical component of
digital banking security, offering an extra layer of protection beyond traditional username and
password methods. This discussion delves into the significance of multifactor authentication
in digital banking, emphasizing its role in safeguarding customer accounts and sensitive
Retail Store Design and Location
December 2023 Examination
1. What are the skillsets required to handle retail sales? Explain this with an example of
any leadership traits, relationship building with retailers etc? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Retail sales, the cornerstone of the commercial global, constitute the vital interaction among
businesses and consumers, directly promoting goods and services to cease-customers. This
dynamic and complex area requires a unique blend of skills, knowledge, and traits to thrive and
excel. Booming retail sales management and execution necessitate a multifaceted approach that
combines interpersonal finesse, strategic insight, and operational talent.
At its core, retail is an ever-evolving sector deeply entrenched in the consumer revel. It entails
the transactional components of income and the artwork of customer engagement, satisfaction,
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2. Design an exclusive store to sell chocolates using an innovative concept. How will you
plan the layout, ambience, display, customer interaction area? (10 Marks)
Ans:
Introduction
Welcome to “ChocoSculpt,” a revolutionary concept in the global of chocolates. ChocoSculpt
isn’t just a store; it is an experience, a journey into sweets’ art, flavor, and luxury. This exclusive
save redefines the conventional idea of a chocolate save by combining creativity, luxury, and
interplay to offer an unparalleled shopping experience for chocolate enthusiasts. This design idea
will delve into the layout, ambiance, display strategies, and customer interaction areas that make
ChocoSculpt an exceptional destination for chocolate lovers.
Concept & Application
1. The Concept: ChocoSculpt – Where Art Meets Taste
1.1 Artistic Chocolate Displays
The heart of ChocoSculpt’s concept lies in the artistic display of chocolates. The store will
3. Case Study
Amul bucks pandemic trend: 100 products launched since 2020
The adage ‘necessity is the mother of invention’ fits well for brand Amul, which is owned
and marketed by the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF).
During the Covid-19 nationwide lockdown, which lasted for several months from March
2020, the leading dairy cooperative brand ensured seamless supply of milk and milk
products across its markets.
At a time when other food and beverages (F&B) brands took a hit during the lockdown,
Amul was on the product launching spree.
From immunity boosting milk in variants of turmeric, ginger and tulsi to Indian sweets like
mohanthal, barfi, kaju katli and ladoo, Amul made the most of the lockdown by launching
around 33 products and variants then. Till date Amul has launched more than 100
products across diary and non-diary categories since Covid.
The latest one is frozen french-fries produced by its member diary Bana’s newlycommissioned

potato processing plant. The diary major is transforming into full-fledged
F&B and fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) player.
Amul launched a litany of diversified products such as flour, edible oils, bakery products,
carbonated drinks, high protein beverages, chocolates, potato-based products, diary based
frozen snacks, honey and even peanut spreads.
Yet, for Amul, this is not a deviation from its core strengths, rather building on them.
“Primarily, most of the new product launches are milk based but to help double the income
of our farmer members, non-dairy products have also been launched. They include honey,
atta (flour), and potato based products, among other things,” said Jayen Mehta, Chief
operating office (COO), Amul.
According to Mehta, Amul is expanding its horizons into non-milk based food categories
keeping its focus on doubling the income of the federation’s 3.6 million farmers. It procures
28 million liters of milk per day from them.
“Keeping the milk business as the backbone, other food categories are being inducted to
help our own farmer members. This we are heading towards becoming well-rounded food
and beverage company. The brand connection becomes stronger, both with the producer as
well as the consumer,” Mehta added.
A dairy farmer member of Amul is encouraged to engage in as many ancillary farming
activities with the assurance of Amul’s brand and market: As such, Amul has a strong base
of 3.6 million milk producers across 18,600 villages of Gujarat. These people are members
of its dairy cooperatives.
According to GCMMF managing director (MD) R S Sodhi, the lockdown only expedited
the dairy major’s move to build its product portfolio in diary and non-diary packaged
products.
“During the lockdown, consumers have been opting for packed foods and went for
trustworthy brands. With all the launches, be it immunity-boosting milk variants or
bakery products, we have stuck to our core values of offering quality and affordable
products. Of course milk continues to be our main focus,” Sodhi had told Business
Standard earlier.
Amul has gone on to add roughly 20 new manufacturing plants. Total number of plants,
pan Indian, stands at 94.
Its product-launching spree is set to continue even as Amul looks to add organic
agriculture produce in more staples like atta, rice and pulses.
It would also roll out high-protein products like protein shakes, protein water, protein
chocolate, protein ice-cream and protein yogurt in the next few months.
Also on the cards are more milk packing plants across India to cater to the growing milk
demand. Around 8-10 milk packaging stations of at least 100,000 units capacity each are
getting added each year.
The month-end will see Prime Minister Narendra Modi launch GCMMF’s latest expanded
cheese production facility at Sabar Diary. Elsewhere, Amul is putting up a new milk
powder plant, UHT plant and five new ice-cream plants in the near future.
Typically, Amul incurs a capital expenditure (capex) of ₹ 800-1,000 crore annually for
capacity expansion.
The expansion plan is also being executed at the distribution level with Amul adding more
distributors in towns less than 10,000 population. It is expanding its branch network to
more than 78 branches across the country.
“We have also expanded our Amul parlour network to more than 10,000 now. Amul
distribution network and supply chain worked in an uninterrupted manner during the
pandemic and that has made our business more lucrative,” said Mehta.
It is on the back of this expansion – in terms of product portfolio manufacturing capacity
and distribution that Amul is pegging a turnover of ₹ 55,000 crore for FY23, up to ₹ 46,481
crore in FY22.
Expansion spree
Amul added 100 SKUs since April 2020.
Procures 28 million liters of milk per day.
It has over 3.6 million members farmers across over 18,000 villages.
Amul added 20 plants and now has 94 units pan India.
Amul’s annual turnover stood at ₹ 46,481 crore in FY2021-22.
Estimates a turnover of ₹ 55,000 crore for FY23.
a) Which products has Amul launched? What is the reason for the increase in the basket of
products?
Ans:
Introduction:
Amul, a brand owned and marketed by the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation
(GCMMF), has demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability throughout the COVID-19
pandemic. The pandemic brought approximately unprecedented challenges, disrupting many
industries and supply chains. But Amul ensured a seamless supply of milk and milk merchandise
during the nationwide lockdown and launched an impressive product-launching spree. This
b) What are the future plans of Amul? How does it plan to increase its reach and how is it
planning to expand its capacities and why?
Ans;
Introduction
Amul, a brand synonymous with dairy excellence, has proven exceptional resilience and
innovation at some point during the COVID-19 pandemic. Owned by the Gujarat Cooperative
Milk Advertising Federation (GCMMF), Amul emerged as a beacon of balance during the
challenging lockdown period, ensuring an uninterrupted supply of vital milk and milk products
across markets. At the same time, as many food and beverage (F&B) brands struggled, Amul
Retail Store Operation and Inventory Management
December 2023 Examination
Q.1 “Elegant Cards Ltd.” has been famous for selling Greeting Cards through various
retail outlets, online stores and mass merchandise stores.
With time, the company diversified their product lines including party goods, stationary,
photo albums, gift wraps, home decors, cut flower arrangements, books and ornaments
used in festivals.
Elegant Cards Ltd. now wants to appoint a Store administrator to ensure maximum
productivity, discipline and profitability of stores. Explain various responsibility of Store
Administrator.
Ans:
Introduction
Elegant Cards Ltd., a reputable and well-established retailer with a rich history, has been a
prominent name within the industry for its exceptional variety of greeting cards. Over the years,
the employer has maintained prominence in the market and strategically differentiated its product
strains to include various services. From party goods, stationery, and photo albums to gift wraps,
domestic decor, cut flower arrangements, books, and ornaments for multiple festivals, Elegant
Cards Ltd. has successfully evolved into a comprehensive issuer of celebratory and decorative
objects.
This diversification reflects the company’s adaptability to changing market dynamics and
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Q.2 Assume you are the Business development Manager of a Mid Size retail store and you
have to brief “Microsoft” to develop a SOMS (Store Operation Management System)
which provides a point of sale solution to your store.
Explain all the features of proposed system, which you would like to incorporate with the
help of your team and developers of Microsoft.
Ans:
Introduction
Staying ahead of the curve is essential for success in the ever-evolving retail landscape. As the
business improvement supervisor of our mid-sized retail store, I recognize the critical need for a
store Operation management system (SOMS) that elevates our operations to new heights. This
short outlines our vision for a cutting-edge SOMS, specifically designed to integrate a
sophisticated factor of Sale (POS) solution, and seeks to collaborate with Microsoft to transform
this vision right into a reality.
The Retail Imperative
Our retail store is a hub of activity, constantly enticing with a numerous customer base and
managing a wide array of products and services. However, to thrive and extend in these
Q.3 Walmart is the largest retail chain in the world. It is acknowledged for its competitive
technological applications that help in its inventory management. The company operates
on a philosophy that says, “Inventory Management is all about storing merchandise either
for further use or future sales”
(a) In light of above statement critically evaluate the types of inventory at “Walmart”
Ans:
Introduction:
Effective inventory management is essential for maximizing earnings and ensuring customer
satisfaction in the retail industry. Walmart, the world’s biggest retail chain, exemplifies superior
inventory management techniques. This creation will offer an overview of Walmart,
emphasizing its prominence in retail and highlighting the pivotal function of stock management
in its operations. Moreover, it’ll set the level for an intensive exploration of Walmart’s stock
(b) Critically evaluate the vendor managed inventory model of “Walmart”.
Ans:
Introduction
Walmart, a global retail company, is renowned for its substantial scale of operations and efficient
stock management systems. The company operates with a philosophy emphasizing inventory
management’s significance as storing merchandise for instant use or future sales. Effective
inventory management in the highly aggressive retail industry can significantly affect operational
Rural Marketing
December 2023 Examination
Question 1: Q.1) Good India Ltd wants to use rural fairs and hatts to promote their
newly branded Keya brand of shampoos in sachets for the rural markets. Please help
them in using this medium to create awareness among potential customers.
Introduction
Good India Ltd has lately introduced the Keya brand of shampoos in sachet packaging,
focusing on expanding its market presence in rural areas. Rural gala’s and hats, regularly
known as local markets, have a prominent function within the social and cultural fabric of
rural groups in India. Those occasions provide a unique opportunity to reinforce the
advertising of Keya shampoo and foster logo awareness amongst capacity customers in rural
areas. It’s necessary to establish a comprehensive method to maximize the use of this
marketing medium.
The start of the adventure entails sizeable market research, which permits a deep knowledge
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Question 2:Q.2) Shriram Honda wants to launch a newly designed portable petrol
generator suitable for small shops and homes outline the launch and distribution
strategy for the company.
Introduction
In the current dynamic market landscape, Shriram Honda, a nicely established producer of
strength generators, is positioned to unveil a unique and cutting-edge supply. This imminent
product includes a portable petrol generator meticulously engineered to cater to the particular
necessities of small-scale retail establishments and residential dwellings. Shriram Honda
must formulate a comprehensive strategy incorporating crucial factors to obtain a hit release
and vast product distribution. Those factors include carrying out an intensive market look,
strategically positioning the product, using effective marketing strategies, establishing
appropriate distribution channels, organizing a well-planned launch event, and providing
Question 3. a :3. A) As a marketing manager what suggestions will you give the
company in increasing the market share of Asian steel in rural markets
Introduction
To enhance the market penetration of Asian metallic in rural areas, enforcing a range of
strategic initiatives is essential. To commence, doing comprehensive market studies is vital to
fully comprehend the different traits and choices proven via rural purchasers for the duration
of diverse geographical regions.
Concept and application
This ambition is to comprehensively understand rural market segmentation by analyzing
Question 3. B: 3. B) Please advice on the sales promotion policy of the company
Introduction
To establish successful client connections and foster motivation, it’s vital to devote
meticulous attention to detail while devising the sales advertising strategy for Asian Steel’s
growth into rural regions. The following suggestions are supplied:
Concept and Application
Adopting a tiered rate discount scheme is one potential technique to incentivize the purchase
Sales Management
December 2023 Examination
Q.1 The Smart Cube is a global provider of research and analytics solutions, primarily
serving the financial services, retail, life sciences, energy and industrials sectors.
Addressing the needs of businesses in the intelligence age, their customized solutions
provide a truly connected approach, delivered by talented minds and intelligence platform,
rich with knowledge, cutting edge tools and advanced analytics. They work with a third of
companies in the Fortune 100, helping them make smarter decisions, accelerate value, and
gain a competitive edge. Headquartered in the UK with additional offices in the USA,
Switzerland, Romania and India. They are going to set up their second office in Bangalore
focusing only on India market and developing domestic clients.
List and explain the skills and competencies needed in a National sales manager to start
Bangalore operations. What according to you should be the hiring strategy for the
reporting team members?
Ans:
Introduction:
The expansion of The Bright Cube into Bangalore, India, represents a significant strategic
circulate to faucet into the burgeoning home market and cater to the precise needs of Indian
clients. Setting up a new office in a different location requires a pro-national income manager
with specific skills and capabilities to spearhead this endeavor efficiently. This assignment will
delve into the capabilities and competencies necessary for a countrywide sales supervisor to
initiate and control the Bangalore operations effectively.
Concept & application:
1. Market understanding and local knowledge: A national sales supervisor must possess an indepth

knowledge of the local market dynamics, including cultural nuances, customer
preferences, and regulatory landscapes. Within the case of Bangalore, the Silicon Valley of
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Q2. Vinita Singh the founder of Sugar Cosmetics has plans to launch new cosmetic range
during the festive season of Dussehra and Diwali. Tushar Dalvi, National Sales manager
who reports to Ms. Singh has to prepare sales budget and sales target to present it to Ms.
Singh for her final approval. Help Mr. Dalvi in preparing the sales budget and sales target
keeping in mind market segmentation.
Ans:
Introduction:
Visionaries lead the way in the vibrant world of cosmetics, in which innovation and trends
constantly evolve. Vinita Singh, an astute entrepreneur and the driving force behind Sugar
Cosmetics, stands at the forefront of this revolution. With an entrepreneurial spirit as fiery as the
shades she creates, Ms. Singh has set her sights on a grand venture—a new cosmetic variety
launch at some stage in the auspicious festive season of Dussehra and Diwali.
Navigating the complexities of the cosmetics industry requires a unique blend of creativity,
market understanding, and strategic making plans. The imminent product launch is not merely a
Q3.Life Insurance corporation of India popularly known as LIC is an Indian state-owned
insurance group and investment company having its headquarter in Mumbai. With over 66
years into the insurance business, LIC brings a wealth of expertise, professionalism and
financial base into the Indian Insurance Market. Some of the services that LIC offers
include Insurance Plan, Pension Plan, Unit linked plans, Micro Insurance plans and Health
plans.
LIC uses motivation tools like promotion, recognition, commissions to keep the LIC
employee and agents happy and motivated, however still faces challenge in situations where
the company fails to motivate employees and sales agents resulting in delayed settlement
claims, low customer services by sales agents. It was found that the attrition at top level was
8-10%, at middle management level 15-20% and entry level was 20-25%.
Compensation policy and Low motivation were found to be the major reasons for employee
attrition. High employee attrition resulted in less trained employees leading to higher
customer dissatisfaction and customer attrition. Customer relationship management tool
was introduced for customer awareness, better understanding of needs of the customer,
customer engagement and customer retention.
a. What are the various types of sales compensation that LIC can provide to its employee
and sales agents that will lead to low employee attrition?
Ans:
Title: Sales Compensation Strategies to Mitigate Employee Attrition at LIC
Introduction
The existence of the Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) stands as a cornerstone in the Indian
insurance landscape, boasting over 66 years of enjoyment and a wealth of information. However,
the employer grapples with worker attrition, especially at different levels, affecting customer
service and satisfaction. To address this issue, optimizing the income repayment strategy
becomes paramount. A strong compensation plan draws and keeps talent and motivates
b. Do you think introducing CRM in the organization will help in customer engagement
and customer retention?
Ans:
Introduction
The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is a prominent nation-owned insurance
organization with a wealthy history of over 66 years in the insurance business. Headquartered in
Mumbai, LIC boasts expertise, professionalism, and a stable financial base within the Indian
coverage market. LIC offers various services, including insurance, Pension, Unit-linked,
Microinsurance, and fitness Plans. LIC is essential in securing the future of infinite individuals
Sales Management
December 2023 Examination
Q.1 Assume you are a sales manager. You will be opening a new branch for which you
intend to promote one of the existing salespersons as a branch sales manager. What
criteria or qualities would you look for in selecting a person for the position of branch
sales manager? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of sales, the role of a branch sales manager is pivotal. As businesses
expand and open new branches, the need for a competent individual to lead the sales team
becomes imperative. The branch sales manager not only represents the face of the branch but
also plays a crucial role in driving sales, managing the team, and ensuring that the branch
meets its targets. The decision to promote an existing salesperson to this position is a strategic
one. It requires a thorough understanding of the individual’s capabilities, strengths, and
potential to lead. This decision can significantly impact the branch’s future performance and
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Q.2 Take any product/service of your own choice & explain the Personal Selling
process. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Personal selling is a unique and powerful promotional tool that involves interpersonal
interactions between a salesperson and a potential buyer, with the primary objective of
persuading the buyer to make a purchase. Unlike other forms of promotion such as
advertising or public relations, personal selling allows for two-way communication, enabling
the salesperson to address the specific needs, doubts, and concerns of the buyer in real-time.
This form of selling is prevalent in industries where products or services are complex, high in
Q.3 Read the case & answer the questions based on the case:
Krishna Kumar, the marketing manager of MM Marketing Company was thinking how
to go about designing sales territories, assigning salespeople to the territories and setting
sales quotas, particularly as the product was new. The new product, called Swishflow
fan was a unique kind of a table fan with attractive air-conditioner like looks.
Considering the initial production capacity of 1,00,000 numbers in the first year,
Krishna Kumar decided to market the product in and around Mumbai, where the
marketing and sales office was located. The target consumers were household as well as
commercial organizations, who could use this product as table-fan and wall-mounted
fan.
Krishna Kumar thought that the territory design should include geographical areas
with high market potential for achieving the sales budget of 1,00,000 numbers in the
first year and a growth of 25 % per year for subsequent four years. He calculated a
sales force size of seven numbers, and decided to launch the product initially in major
metros and cities in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Krishna Kumar was of the view that
sales quotas should consider sales volume, selling expense, and also number of sales calls
per day, in order to have a proper control on salespeople. He wondered how to design
sales territories, what criteria should he consider while assigning salespersons to
territories, and how to design the sales quotas considering the factors mentioned above.
Questions:
a) If you were Krishna Kumar, how would you design the sales territory? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Sales territory design is a critical aspect of sales management, especially for a new product
launch. It involves segmenting the market into distinct areas, ensuring optimal coverage, and
aligning resources to market potential. For Krishna Kumar and MM Marketing Company, the
challenge is to introduce the Swishflow fan, a unique product, in a market that is both
geographically vast and diverse in terms of consumer preferences. The design of sales
b) Suggest a suitable selling strategy for the new launch (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Launching a new product, especially one as unique as the Swishflow fan, requires a wellthought-out
selling
strategy.
The
strategy
should
not
only
focus
on
introducing
the
product
to
the market but also on creating a lasting impression and building a loyal customer base.
Given the dual utility of the Swishflow fan as both a table-fan and a wall-mounted fan, the
Service Operations Management
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Strategies & decisions of regarding Service Operation are taken at various levels of
hierarchy in organizations. Discuss these levels of hierarchy and the Strategic decisions
taken at these levels. Explain these concepts by taking an example of any Educational
Institute of your choice.
Ans:
Introduction:
Carrier Operation is an essential IT carrier control (ITSM) factor that focuses on delivering
and assisting IT services efficiently and effectively. It entails managing the day-to-day
Operations of IT services, ensuring they meet business requirements and deliver prices to
clients. In businesses, decisions related to service Operations are made at various stages of
Hierarchy, every with its own set of strategic responsibilities. In this discussion, we can
discover those hierarchy tiers and the strategic selections made at each stage, using an
instance from an educational institute to illustrate the standards.
Concept & Application:
Levels of Hierarchy in Service Operation:
Strategic Level:
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Q2. The ‘Service Design’ concept is understood and carefully planned in Service
Operations. Explain the various approaches that Service setups can apply to the
‘Service Design’? Explain the concept with the help of reference of a hospitality setup
like a Resort.
Ans :
Introduction
Service design is a vital issue of service operations that involves cautiously planning and
orchestrating provider studies to meet and exceed purchaser expectations. It involves a
holistic approach integrating human beings, processes, generation, and bodily proof to create
seamless and delightful career encounters. Within the hospitality industry context, especially
in a motel setting, practical service layout is paramount for attracting and maintaining guests.
This essay delves into the idea and alertness of service layout within a hospitality setup, often
focusing on a resort, and explores the various approaches that may be hired to enhance the
Q3. An automobile service center is a common service setup involving many different
types of service processes. Discuss the following aspects of these kind of setups (you can
take an example of your choice) with reference to the following questions
a. Discuss the elements that need to be planned in a Service Framework of the
mentioned setup.
Ans ;
Introduction
Automobile provider centers are critical to the car enterprise, imparting essential services to
vehicle proprietors. Those carrier centers are intricate setups concerning diverse service
processes to ensure vehicles’ premier overall performance and longevity. Planning a
comprehensive carrier framework for a vehicle provider center requires meticulous attention
b. These services do not plan all operations in the presence of the customers as well as
make them visible to customers. Discuss this aspect of the layout planning of these
processes with the concept of Decoupling of processes
Ans;
Introduction
Vehicle service centers are essential facilities within the automotive industry, imparting
upkeep, repairs, and numerous vehicle services. These centers are carefully designed to
optimize the service approaches and ensure a continuing consumer experience. One crucial
aspect of this design is the concept of decoupling methods, which entails setting apart sure
operations from a direct customer view. This concept complements efficiency, velocity, and
Services Marketing
December 2023 Examination
Q1. You are the owner of a retail chain. You currently have consumer durables,
groceries and private label clothing range for kids, men, and women. The price point is
low and the quality you offer is fantastic. You have more than eighty percent repeat
customers. In most of the customer, surveys that you have conducted with market
research agencies have pointed this unique feature of your store. You have successfully
operated your business in Delhi. You have about 15 stores operating across the state.
During the last five years, you have spread your offerings to the other northern states,
and you have seen a wonderful response. You are encouraged, and you decide to take
this down south.
You have encouraged about twenty five percent of your best staff member to open the
first store in Bangalore. (With a salary hike) They are your top performers. The vacant
positions in the north will be filled up temporarily and the staff members deputed
would be called back after 3 years from the start of the operation. Thestore opens as
scheduled. The initial response is good, but within six months, you see a plethora of
complaints coming in and customers are unhappy with theiroverall experience. Your
cash counters seem to become empty with footfalls and profits coming down.
This comes to you as a big shock as you had not expected this to happen. You are
unwilling to give up and you need to understand why? Is it the mindset of the people, a
consumer whom you have never encountered before, or is it the issue of training your
people and re designing of your service offerings? But will you be able to turn this
around?
Do you feel that there is a difference in consumer mindset in the South vis a vis the
North? Can you point some of them? What data do you need to reach to a conclusion
and what steps should you take to plug the footfalls? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The vastness and diversity of India not only exist in its topography and culture but also in the
business landscapes and consumer behaviors across regions. While establishing a business in
a particular region, one reaps benefits from understanding and adapting to local nuances,
which significantly impacts business success. When a retail chain, thriving in the northern
regions with a focus on consumer durables, groceries, and private-label clothing, expands its
operations to the south, it steps into an environment where the cultural, social, and economic
dynamics might be distinct. The premise is built around the sudden surge of complaints and
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Q2. You have worked in the industry for a decade, and you are now fed up with the
boring work environment around you. The entrepreneurial bug has bitten you and a
food business is in your mind. There are numerous challenges, however. In your city,
the working population is large enough to sustain the business, disposable incomes are
high, and you feel that there is a niche offering that needs to be created for your
restaurant, for example a Japanese or a Korean cuisine. The problem however with a
niche is adoption to local tastes, preferences, and the biggest challenge of whether
customer would be interested in them. The next big challenge would be for you to reach
out to the right set of customers. This might take you some time, and your biggest fear
is that the initial buzz that you may create at the start may not sustain after a point.
Also, if you are successful, there may be copycatscoming in. You are therefore
considering a second alternative of ‘tiffin services’ to people around you. This may not
have the glamour but will make you cash bells ringing from day 1 if your product is
right. There may not any need for branding or the need to position yourself. It is a
dilemma that you are facing.
How would the service offering be different in case of a restaurant vis a vis tiffin
service? (7Ps) and how would you plan to market the service offerings? (restaurant vis a
vis tiffin service) (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The decision to launch a food business, especially after a decade in a monotonous industry, is
a thrilling venture. With a bustling working population and high disposable incomes in the
city, both niche restaurants and tiffin services offer distinct potential. A niche restaurant, like
Japanese or Korean cuisine, brings forth the excitement of offering a unique culinary
experience. Conversely, tiffin services, while less glamorous, have the advantage of assured
demand if the product is right. Each has its own set of challenges, from adoption of new
tastes to the simpler logistical challenges of a tiffin service. The primary question is how
Q3. Trail Blazers academy is a coaching academy, providing training, coaching,
and counselling services for students. Their primary revenue source is from the
coachingthey do for medical and JEE. Established a decade ago, it is now a well-known
brand, but faces sever competition from the crowded market of the coaching space. The
quality of the students passing out are well know and many candidates are able to crack
the JEE and medical exams. However, in the last couple of years, the company has tried
to expand using the franchise model. This was possibly the best model available. But
with tremendous amount of competition happening online and offline, the pricing model
of the academy has changed. The fees for the course are on the brochure but is
charged variably. There are no standardizations followed. Many of the franchisees
charge whatever they want to, essentially to maintain a minimum threshold of students
flowing into the organisation. Sometimes the center heads of the franchise encourage
existing students to bring in new candidates, there by incentivizing them. Some of the
hard negotiators are able to settle down at a lower price point that what others are
paying. In many cases, students were allowed just with a token money with more than
the usual EMIs. Everything seems to be as per the flexibility of the center managers.
While some of the franchises are happy, others are not. The location of the center,
number of enrolments drive the pricing. The parents are unhappy with this mechanism
and there are complaints floating in the social media about Trail Blazers. The franchises
are incentivized on the total revenue they add to the parent group. Many of them
therefore have started the recent practice of creating fake candidates, thereby making
themselves eligible for more incentives.
Trail Blazers have also realized that due to competitive pressure, they are unable to
make good margins in the business and wants to expand their offerings. They are now
planning to start a HR recruitment consulting firm. The CEO can drive this, because of
his previous experience in this area. He also has a team, which is capable enough. The
CEO has invited you, as a consultant. They are in a dilemma on whether they should
use the Trail Blazers brand name to the recruitment consulting firm or use a new name.
Trail Blazers sound to be a great name for the consulting firm and matches with the
nature of work that they intend to do. However, many of the other managers opine that
these two businesses are different and not related and therefore the brand extension is
not suitable for the newofferings. Even if they use the same name, how would they
position themselves?
a. How do you price their services better? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Trail Blazers Academy has successfully carved a niche for itself in the coaching industry over
the past decade. Despite its reputation for quality outcomes, it grapples with challenges,
especially in its pricing structure and franchise model. As they contemplate diversifying into
HR recruitment consulting, the core question arises: Should they carry their established brand
name forward or chart a new course? Additionally, optimizing their current pricing structure
b. Is venturing into a new service offering a sensible proposition for Trail Blazers?
What are the potential benefits and challenges that you see as a consultant (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Trail Blazers Academy, despite its commendable track record in the educational coaching
sector, now contemplates diversification into HR recruitment consulting. Venturing into a
different industry is fraught with both potential and peril. It’s crucial to weigh the advantages
and potential roadblocks of such a decision to gauge the sensibility of this move.
Expanding one’s business purview demands not just an assessment of potential rewards but
Strategic Brand Management
December 2023 Examination
1. Nike, Apple, Coca-Cola, and Toyota consistently rank high in global brand surveys
such as Interbrand. The high rank reflects the brands positive brand equity over a
period. Building strong brand equity is the foundation for a company’s long-term
success. What are the common brand elements Nike, Apple, Coca-Cola, and Toyota
have used to build positive brand equity?
Introduction
Nike, Apple, Coca-Cola, and Toyota are famous global corporations that consistently show
robust performance in brand surveys, signifying their persistent high-quality brand equity.
These enterprises have successfully used various common brand elements and strategies to
build and preserve their sizable brand equity.
The construction of a convincing brand identity significantly contributes to their
accomplishment. These companies have correctly built iconic trademarks and emblems that
exhibit on-the-spot worldwide identification. The famous swoosh brand of Nike represents
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2. Brands are like people. They grow old. Some wither and die while some like Parle-G,
Lux, Maruti Suzuki, Johnny Walker, and Kellogg’s manage to stay alive and achieve
near immortality. What are the strategies that Parle-G, Lux, Maruti Suzuki, Johnny
Walker, and Kellogg’s have adopted to remain relevant for such a long period of time?
Ans 2.
Introduction
Parle-G, Lux, Maruti Suzuki, Johnny Walker, and Kellogg’s are enduring brands with
longevity and relevance over several decades. These businesses have used several tactics to
obtain long-lasting sustainability and sustain their everlasting attractiveness.
Emblem heritage and storytelling have shown effectiveness for these firms, as they’ve
efficiently installed emotional bonds with clients via their significant ancient antecedents and
fascinating logo narratives. This phenomenon may be illustrated within the commendable
communication approach used by Johnny Walker, which proficiently communicates the
3. a) Is it right to say that the value of a brand lies in the eyes of the beholder? Justify
with an example
Introduction
The assessment of the emblem’s charge is contingent upon the subjective standpoint of
today’s observer, a thinking trendy called brand understanding. The evaluation states a logo’s
cost is contingent not just on its intrinsic attributes or the assertions put out with the aid of the
business organization but also on the technique in which humans engage with and perceive
b) The popular social networking site, Twitter has been rebranded as ‘X’. Identify the
brand personality that Twitter has assumed in its new avatar as ‘X’ as per Jennifer
Aaker’s Brand Personality model.
Introduction
Nevertheless, examining emblem personality, as posited by Jennifer Aaker’s emblem
character version, is a helpful conceptual framework for comprehending and delineating the
perception of a logo via its audience. Aaker’s method comprehensively incorporates five vital
elements of logo personality, with every dimension linked to incredible qualities and
Strategic Financial Management
December 2023 Examination
Question 1
A company is evaluating two investment projects, Project A and Project B, each with
different levels of risk and an initial investment of Rs. 3,00,000. The risk-free rate of return
is 5%. The expected cash flows and their probabilities for each project are as follows:
Project A:
Expected Cash Flow in Year 1: Rs.100,000
Expected Cash Flow in Year 2: Rs.150,000
Expected Cash Flow in Year 3: Rs.200,000
Project B:
Expected Cash Flow in Year 1: Rs.80,000
Expected Cash Flow in Year 2: Rs.120,000
Expected Cash Flow in Year 3: Rs.180,000
The company’s financial analysts have determined that Project A has a beta of 1.2, while
Project B has a beta of 0.8. The market risk premium is 8%.
Calculate the risk-adjusted discount rate for each project using the Capital Asset Pricing
Model (CAPM) and then determine which project the company should choose based on the
risk-adjusted Net Present Value (NPV) criteria. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the current value of cash outflows and the
present value of cash inflows over time. Net present value is utilized in investment planning and
capital budgeting to analyze a projected venture’s profitability.
NPV results from calculations that locate the present value of a future move of bills using the
precise discount rate. Tasks with an effective NPV are generally worth the challenge, while those
with a negative net present value are not.
•
Net present value (NPV) calculates the current price of a future stream of payments from
an organization, project, or investment.
•
To calculate internet present value, you must calculate the quantity and timing of future
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Question 2.
There are several ways in which Mergers and Acquisitions can be categorized. Explain the
different types of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) that companies can pursue to achieve
strategic objectives and growth. Provide examples of each type and discuss the reasons
behind their adoption. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) consolidate groups or assets through diverse economic
transactions.
Two Or more companies merge their operations into one entity in a merger. On the other hand,
in an acquisition, one company acquires every other company, and the contracted employer
becomes a subsidiary of the acquiring company.
Mergers and acquisitions are often pursued for various motives. This could be for expanding
Question 3a.
A stock option is for 100 shares of the underlying stock. Ayush, a trader buys one call
option contract on stock of Alpha Ltd. with a strike price of Rs.25. He pays Rs.150 for the
option. Assuming on the option’s expiration date, Alpha Ltd.’s shares are selling for Rs.35;
compute the gain/loss incurred by Ayush. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Futures and options are financial derivatives that help traders speculate on the cost movements of
an asset without actually purchasing it. Futures contracts obligate the dealer to shop for an
underlying asset, while the seller (trader) must deliver it at a predetermined date and rate. In
options contracts, the dealer has the proper, but not the duty, to promote or buy the underlying
Question 3b
Xenon Ltd., is a multinational manufacturing company, and its management team is
evaluating the financial performance of its various divisions. They want to assess each
division’s contribution to shareholder value using Economic Value Added (EVA). The
company’s cost of capital is 10%.
Division A
Division B
Total Capital Employed
Rs.20,000,000
Rs.15,000,000
Operating Profit
Rs.3,500,000
Rs.2,800,000
Tax Rate
30%
25%
Calculate the Economic Value Added (EVA) for each division and determine which
division is creating more value for the shareholders. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Economic value added (EVA) measures an organization’s financial performance based on the
residual wealth determined by deducting its COC (cost of capital) from its working profit,
adjusted for taxes on a cash basis. EVA can also be referred to as income, as it attempts to seize
the actual economic profit of an organization. This measure was devised by the management
Strategic HRM
Dec 2023 Examination
Q.1 Motocrop is a mid-sized manufacturing firm that specializes in producing
automotive parts. Over the years, the company has seen a steady growth in its
operations and market presence. However, the industry is rapidly evolving, with
technological advancements such as automation, robotics, and AI becoming integral
to manufacturing processes. Motocrop recognizes the need to adapt and invest in
these technologies to remain competitive and efficient. As the Head of Human
Resources, you have been tasked with developing a strategic human resource plan
to guide the company through this technological transformation.
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s dynamically evolving industrial landscape, technological progression is not a
mere choice; it is a mandate. The manufacturing sector, especially automotive components,
is witnessing a paradigm shift, with automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence (AI)
becoming critical cogs in the operational wheel. Motocrop, with its rich legacy in the
automotive parts domain, stands at this pivotal juncture. While its growth trajectory in the
past speaks volumes about its resilience and capabilities, the future beckons a
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Q.2 You are the HR Manager of a rapidly growing technology start-up. The company
has been experiencing a high rate of employee turnover, particularly among topperforming

employees who are leaving for better opportunities elsewhere. This
turnover is not only affecting the company’s productivity but also hindering its ability
to innovate and stay competitive in the industry. As the HR Manager, you are tasked
with developing some retention strategies. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the fiercely competitive landscape of the technology industry, human capital serves as the
pivotal axis around which the success and growth trajectory of a start-up revolves. For a
rapidly growing technology start-up, the challenge lies not only in recruiting top talent but
also in retaining it. Recent trends at our company indicate a surge in the departure of topperforming
employees,
a
phenomenon
which
threatens
our
position
in
the
marketplace,
as
it

not

only reduces operational efficiency but also impacts our innovation capabilities. The
essence of our predicament isn’t just the act of leaving, but the exodus of the very minds that
Q.3 InnovateTech is a mid-sized technology-consulting firm known for its innovative
solutions and expertise in emerging technologies. However, the company has been
facing challenges related to employee engagement and retention. Despite offering
competitive compensation, some top-performing employees have been leaving the
company for opportunities elsewhere. InnovateTech’s leadership recognizes the need
to implement a Career Planning for the employees and needs to work on the same.
a. Discuss the initiatives taken by the organisation for Career Development &
Planning for employees. (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
InnovateTech, despite its acclaim for groundbreaking solutions in emerging technologies,
faces a quintessential challenge: retaining its top-performing employees. While monetary
compensation is competitive, it’s becoming increasingly clear that today’s workforce seeks
more than just financial incentives. The growing emphasis on holistic career development
and planning is evident. For organizations like InnovateTech, the commitment to building
b. Explain the significance of a well-designed process of succession planning increasing
employee satisfaction and retention rates at InnovateTech? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In the intricate mosaic of organizational growth and sustainability, succession planning
emerges as a vital piece. For InnovateTech, facing retention challenges, it’s imperative to
view succession planning not merely as a contingency for leadership continuity but as a
strategic tool to bolster employee satisfaction and retention. The process, if well-executed,
Strategic Management
December 2023 Examination

1. Lalbaugcha Raja Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav Mandal in Lal Baug, Mumbai is a
charitable Trust which manages and runs the extremely popular and one of the biggest
Ganapati pandals in Mumbai. Established in 1934 it has been in existence since last 90
years. It has an annual income of around of Rs. 6.25 crores.
This trust wants to use the Principles of Strategic Management to operate the trust in a
professional manner and optimize the resources it has.
Explain the different ways in some of the principles of Strategic Management be used
by this Charitable Trust.
Ans :
Introduction
Lalbaugcha Raja Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav Mandal, hooked up in 1934, is a charitable accepts
as accurate with coping with one of Mumbai’s most prominent and most famed Ganapati
pandals, Lalbaugcha Raja. With a remarkable record of 90 years, the trust is deeply
embedded inside the city’s cultural fabric. The pandal attracts millions of devotees annually
and generates an income of about Rs. 6.25 crores. Integrating strategic management standards
is vital to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and social effect.
Strategic management entails studying an organization’s inner and external surroundings,
formulating strategies, implementing them, and comparing their effectiveness. For
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2. Do a SWOT Analysis for India as the IT Hub of the World?
Ans:
SWOT Analysis for India as the IT Hub of the World
Introduction
A sizable surge in technological advancements, a professional team of workers, and strategic
positioning in the worldwide IT marketplace have marked India’s emergence as a potential IT
hub internationally. The rise of modern India as an IT powerhouse results from various
factors, including a massive talent pool, cost advantages, mounted infrastructure, and a
conducive business environment.
However, this position has challenges and threats, necessitating a comprehensive SWOT
(Strengths, Weaknesses, opportunities, and Threats) evaluation to understand the intricacies
3. Please answer the following
a. All of you have heard of BYJU’s. The company, which made a loss of over Rs 4,500
crore in FY2021, is trying to cut costs by laying off employees across various
departments and has laid off around 5,000 employees. Its losses for FY22 and FY23 are
not available.
Give any two methods which be used to turnaround BYJU’s and make it a profitmaking organization.
Ans:
Introduction:
BYJU, a prominent name in the tech sector, has been in the spotlight due to its significant
monetary losses in FY2021. The employer said a brilliant over Rs 4,500 crore loss during that
financial year, mainly due to issues about its long-term sustainability. Exploring innovative
strategies and methods is imperative to address this disaster and ensure a worthwhile destiny
for BYJU. This essay delves into two crucial ways for turning around BYJU: Diversification
b. A company is selling a total of 8 products which in terms of the BCG Matrix are
classified as under:
Dogs – 3 products
Cash Cows – 3 products
Star – 1 product
Question Mark – 1 Product
Analyse if the Product Portfolio of the company is balanced or not clearly giving
reasons for the same. How can the same be balanced?
Ans :
Introduction
This analysis will examine an organization’s product portfolio consisting of eight products
categorized into puppies, coins, Cows, Stars, and query Marks. The portfolio’s balance can be
assessed based on the proportions and characteristics of products in every quadrant.
Subsequently, techniques to balance the portfolio can be proposed to decorate the
corporation’s average growth and
Strategic Management
December 2023 Examination
1) You are a mobile phone manufacturer manufacturing phones for different segments
of the population. Sales for your lower segment phones is falling while sales for your
higher segment is increasing.
Why do you think is this happening? What could be the reasons? How do you deal with
situation? Does this need any change of strategy? What changes would you do in
strategy? Give valid reasons, examples while answering the questions. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving world of mobile technology, consumer preferences and market
dynamics have displayed tendencies to shift based on a myriad of factors. One such intriguing
phenomenon is the decline in sales of the lower segment phones and the corresponding surge
in sales for the higher segment offerings. This apparent dichotomy could be the result of
various socio-economic, technological, and even psychological factors. A thoughtful analysis
of these reasons is crucial for any mobile manufacturer to determine the necessity and
direction of strategic modifications. Through an exploration of this topic, we aim to dissect
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2) India has been a laggard in the world of Sports. You have been appointed as a
consultant for strategy for building a sports ecosystem in India. Suggest a strategic road
map to make India a sporting powerhouse. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
India, a nation with a rich cultural tapestry and an illustrious history, has often been seen as a
powerhouse in various arenas – be it IT, arts, or cuisine. However, the arena of sports, barring
a few exceptions, is one where the nation has lagged. While the country boasts champions in
cricket and individual sports like badminton and wrestling, the collective representation in
global competitions remains minimal. Several factors, such as insufficient infrastructure, lack
of systematic training, and limited grassroots development, have hindered India’s emergence
3) You are the marketing strategy head for a major online music service. Your business
is dependent on advertising, but, despite the large number of consumers listening to
your app. Advertisers have not been enthused to advertise. (5 Marks)
a. What strategy should you adopt to get advertisers on board? Give examples to
justify your answer.
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the digital age, online music services have gained immense traction, offering consumers an
expansive array of music at their fingertips. While amassing a significant user base should
ideally be attractive to advertisers, there can be challenges that deter them. If advertisers are
reluctant to invest, it’s indicative of a gap between the perceived value proposition of the
b. Create two ideas to engage with advertisers. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In an age dominated by digital interaction, the success of online music platforms hinges not
just on user engagement but equally on attracting advertisers. While the user base is
sprawling and dynamic, making the platform appealing for advertisers requires tailored
strategies. To ensure advertisers perceive genuine value and a distinct edge over competing
Supply Chain Management
December 2023 Examination
1. “Fast Fashion”, a new generation fashion and utility wear network of stores, has
about 200 high end fashion stores in the country. They have heir own brand which
appeals to youngsters and kids. They plan to expand to 500 stores by the year 2025.
Along with this growth plan, they already are facing delays in getting stock, stock out
situations, higher cost due to stocks not arriving within season, quality issue with
apparel manufacturers etc. They want to open new stores and also optimize cost along
with higher service. How can they leverage various supply chain drivers to meet their
objective by 2025? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
The dynamic landscape of the fashion industry demands agility, precision, and foresight in
supply chain management. “Fast Fashion,” despite its impressive reach and brand appeal,
grapples with significant supply chain challenges as it aspires to more than double its store
count by 2025. Timely stock delivery, cost optimization, and consistent product quality are
fundamental to its growth and reputation. Addressing these concerns requires an in-depth
understanding and strategic leverage of supply chain drivers. These drivers, when
meticulously orchestrated, can synchronize the supply-demand equilibrium, ensuring product
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2. “Drunken Monkey” is a fast food and healthy snack chain. They are a post covid start
up by fresh graduates and technocrats. Being creative thinkers, they have expanded to
about 6 locations within the city. They plan is to put up 6 more stores within next year.
Brand has picked up well but due to lack of sufficient experience they are already facing
cost issues, sourcing is not able to meet customer demand, not able to meet required
heathy snack demand. With more customers visiting outlets, non-availability is leading
to negative social media reviews which is an issue for their brand and growth plan.
They are aiming at making their process agile to meet increasing and variable demand.
Also make the business lean so that profits can be maintained while growing number of
stores. How will they transition through different stages to reach LEAN and AGILE
value chain stage? (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the dynamic landscape of the food and beverage industry, “Drunken Monkey” has emerged
as a promising new entrant, driven by innovative thinkers and a unique value proposition. The
post-Covid era has brought with it both challenges and opportunities, with businesses
navigating uncertain demand patterns, supply chain disruptions, and evolving consumer
behaviors. For “Drunken Monkey,” while rapid growth speaks to its potential, operational
bottlenecks hint at the pitfalls of scaling without a robust supply chain strategy. The marriage
of Lean and Agile philosophies in the value chain might offer a solution, providing the
3. “Winners” are a sports tourism agency who under take guided sports tourism
package around major events like IPL, Football World Cup, F1 races and even smaller
European and American sports / games events. They need to forecast from number of
potential tourism package bookings, visa needs, travel bookings, organize stay, food etc.
a. Describe steps in demand forecasting in this case situation. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
“Winners” stands at the intersection of two exhilarating industries: sports and tourism.
However, orchestrating seamless experiences around colossal events like the Football World
Cup or the IPL isn’t straightforward. The unpredictable nature of sports outcomes, coupled
with dynamic fan behaviors, makes demand forecasting a vital tool for success. Accurately
predicting demand ensures that fans have an impeccable experience, while “Winners” can
b. Describe methods of demand forecasting. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Demand forecasting is an indispensable tool for businesses, enabling them to anticipate the
quantity of products or services consumers will purchase in the future. With a myriad of
intrinsic and extrinsic variables influencing demand, several methodologies have emerged to
predict it. Choosing the right method is contingent upon the nature of the business, data
availability, and the horizon of the forecast. Let’s delve into some of the prominent techniques
Taxation- Direct and Indirect
December 2023 Examination
1) What is the idea of “Residential Status” in direct taxes on individuals, and how does
it affect a taxpayer’s (both resident and non-resident) tax liability in India? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the realm of taxation, the term “residential status” holds paramount importance. It is the
fulcrum on which the entire architecture of an individual’s tax liability in a country rests. As
nations endeavor to collect taxes, ensuring socio-economic development without imposing
undue burdens on their citizens, the concept of residential status provides a systematic
criterion. For India, a nation with a burgeoning economy and diaspora spread across the
globe, the implications of this concept are multifaceted. Given the intricacies of globalization
where people frequently cross national boundaries for jobs, businesses, or personal reasons,
understanding one’s residential status becomes crucial. It essentially determines the extent of
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2) What is the GST (Goods and Services Tax) notion of “Supply” in India, and how
does it establish the taxability of transactions within the GST framework? Explain the
distinction between VAT and GST. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Taxation, as a tool for revenue generation and fiscal policy modulation, has always evolved to
cater to the dynamic economic landscape. India’s introduction of the Goods and Services Tax
(GST) marked a transformative phase in its indirect taxation system, promising to encapsulate
a broad spectrum of transactions under one unified canopy. Central to GST’s application is
the concept of “Supply,” which forms the very backbone of this tax structure, determining the
taxability of transactions. By defining and understanding ‘supply’, one discerns the very
essence of GST. Moreover, as we demystify the ambit of GST and its key facets, it becomes
essential to distinguish it from its predecessor, the Value Added Tax (VAT). While both aim
3) XYZ Electronics Pvt. Ltd. is a Mumbai-based electronic gadget company. They just
received an order for 1000 units of their latest smart phone model from a dealer in
another state. The selling price per unit is INR 15,000, with a 12% GST rate. XYZ
Electronics Pvt. Ltd. is interested in learning about the GST consequences of this
interstate sale. Can you answer the following questions for them?
a) What type of supply does this transaction fall under and how will it be treated under
GST? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India has reshaped the landscape of indirect taxation,
aiming to simplify, unify, and streamline tax structures across goods and services. One of the
pivotal features of GST is its dual tax mechanism, which is designed to fairly distribute tax
revenue between the center and the states, and is especially relevant in interstate transactions.
b) What is the GST liability for XYZ Electronics Pvt. Ltd. on this sale, and how will
they calculate the tax amount? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
GST (Goods and Services Tax), India’s groundbreaking indirect tax system, aims to unify
diverse state and central taxes into a singular, comprehensive structure. One of the
cornerstones of this system is ensuring clarity in tax calculations, especially for businesses
making interstate supplies. For XYZ Electronics Pvt. Ltd., understanding their GST liability
for the recent interstate sale becomes an imperative exercise, both for financial clarity and
Total Quality Management
December 2023 Examination
Question 1: Q1. Maxx Industry is in the process of implementing TQM across the entire
organization. You are asked to make a presentation to the senior managers on the
aspects of TQM and points to consider while implementing. Discuss your presentation.
(10 Marks)
Introduction
In the gift dynamic business landscape, the pursuit of excellence has become something
beyond a goal; it’s far a need for patience and improvement. “overall quality management
(TQM)” stands as a beacon of this pursuit, embodying a holistic method to organizational
management. As it’s miles addressed to a senior manager at Maxx industry, it digs into the
essence of TQM. This philosophy permeates all sides of an organization, advocating
continuous improvement, client pride, and employee engagement. TQM is a profound trade
in mindset and tradition. This discourse will explore the central tenets of TQM, emphasizing
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Question 2: Q2. What would be your advice to a design team on quality management
techniques that may support in removing defects in products at design phase or the
production phase? (10 Marks)
Introduction
Implementing general pleasant control (TQM) internally in a business enterprise like the
Maxx industry is a crucial drive that is dedicated to further growing product first-rate,
decreasing defects, and upgrading trendy efficiency. In its middle, TQM is an intensive
method that requests obligation from each level of the organization, with the layout
organization assuming an urgent function in disorder counteraction. This newsletter delves
into critical methodologies that the layout-collecting process can utilize to proactively
Question 3a: Q3. Below is data collected for the percentage of defective from
a process (n=100).
Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
p
.04 .02 .05 .03 .06 .04 .03 .07 .01 .02 .03 .02 .02 .08 .03
a. Find all control limits for this process. (5 Marks)
Introduction
Establishing control limits is crucial for monitoring and maintaining procedure balance in
excellent manipulation. This entails calculating the mean and trendy deviation from historical
data to set upper (UCL) and lower (LCL) manipulation limits. Those limits are significant
indicators of the method’s overall performance, supporting companies in apprehending and
addressing any deviations, ultimately ensuring regular quality and adherence to general
Question 3b: Discuss two types of control charts you will use for attributes
data. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Manage charts, including the P-chart and C-chart, are pivotal apparatuses in first-rate control
for tracking and ensuring system dependability. They’re critical while managing discrete,
categorical data, helping manage defects and deviations in different industries. The P-chart
follows the proportions of defects, while the C-chart counts defects, assisting corporations to
maintain consistency and adherence to “overall quality management (TQM)” standards.
Treasury Management in Banking
December 2023 Examination
1. In view of poor Balance of Payment management by Govt/RBI, higher interest rates
and inflation, INR is expected to depreciate further. Suggest ways/ Internal/external
Techniques to manage Currency Risk by Corporates for their ECB’s and Import
payments (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In an interconnected global economy, currency risk emerges as a significant challenge for
businesses operating beyond domestic borders. Adverse movements in foreign exchange rates
can potentially harm a corporation’s profitability, especially in circumstances where Balance
of Payments is poorly managed, and where inflation and interest rates are on an upward
trajectory. For corporates leveraging External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) and managing
import payments, currency depreciation, like the anticipated fall of INR, can inflate costs and
debt obligations. It becomes imperative for businesses to employ sound strategies to mitigate
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2. Explain the role played by SWIFT, Nostro, Vostro, Special Vostro Account for
settlement of International Trade & Treasury products. Explain the term Globalization
of INR used by Govt / RBI. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In the intricate web of global finance, streamlined communication and efficient mechanisms
for transferring funds across borders are paramount. Organizations like SWIFT and financial
constructs like Nostro, Vostro, and Special Vostro accounts act as vital cogs in this
machinery, ensuring seamless international trade and treasury operations. These systems and
accounts simplify and expedite trade settlements, making globalization not just a theoretical
concept but a functional reality. Additionally, the idea of ‘Globalization of INR’ reflects
India’s ambitions on the global economic stage, showcasing the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
3.“To control double digit inflation, US & other major Central Banks have increased
interest rates, which resulted in the failure/consolidation of SVC Bank, First Republic
Bank & Credit Suisse?
a. Discuss the impact of increase in interest rates on Treasury Investment Portfolios of
Banks. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Interest rates, set by central banks, are pivotal instruments in the macroeconomic toolkit,
often used to rein in inflation or stimulate economic growth. When central banks, like those
in the US, decide to hike interest rates, particularly in the context of curbing soaring inflation,
it invariably sends ripples throughout the financial ecosystem. Banks, with their treasury
investment portfolios, are significantly affected. The purported challenges faced by
b. How the increase in interest rates will control inflation, when there is a huge
liquidity in the system? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Inflation, the perennial economic challenge, often prompts central banks globally to
recalibrate monetary policy to sustain economic stability. One commonly employed tool is
adjusting interest rates. The recent escalation in interest rates by the US and other major
central banks aims to combat double-digit inflation. However, such decisions can have
profound ripple effects, as seen in the tribulations of institutions like SVC Bank, First
Warehouse Management
December 2023 Examination
1. Provide a comprehensive overview of the benefits, challenges, and best practices
associated with outsourcing warehouse operations for businesses seeking to optimize
their supply chain management. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In today’s globalized business environment, the optimization of supply chain management has
become imperative for competitive success. One pivotal element within this vast system is
warehouse management, which ensures the efficient storage, retrieval, and distribution of
goods. Given the increasing complexity of operations and the capital-intensive nature of
maintaining warehouses, many businesses are now considering outsourcing their warehouse
operations. By delegating these responsibilities to third-party logistics providers, companies
aim to enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, like any strategic decision,
outsourcing warehouse operations comes with its benefits, challenges, and demands
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2. Discuss the essential features and functionalities that businesses should look for when
selecting a warehouse management system to improve inventory management,
streamline operations, and enhance overall supply chain performance for Food and
Beverage Industry warehouse. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In an era marked by intense competition and evolving customer demands, the Food and
Beverage (F&B) industry has recognized the significance of efficient warehouse
management. The industry, characterized by perishable goods, varying demand patterns, and
stringent regulations, requires a warehouse management system (WMS) tailored to its unique
challenges. A robust WMS not only ensures optimal inventory management but also
streamlines operations to meet consumer expectations swiftly. As businesses navigate the
F&B landscape, selecting a WMS equipped with features specifically designed for the
3. You are a warehouse manager for an E-commerce company that deals with a wide
range of products. The company has been experiencing inefficiencies in its
warehouse operations, leading to delayed order processing, increased errors, and rising
inventory carrying costs. Your task is to analyze the situation and propose solutions to
address the challenges.
a. Identify the key issues and challenges faced by the warehouse in terms of efficiency
and inventory management. Discuss the factors contributing to the delays in order
processing, the reasons for the increased error rates, and the factors leading to higher
inventory carrying costs. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
With the meteoric rise of E-commerce businesses, efficient warehouse operations have
become the linchpin for success. Delays in order processing, rising errors, and escalated
inventory carrying costs can cripple an E-commerce entity’s reputation and financial stability.
Analyzing these challenges is crucial to ensure that products seamlessly move from shelves to
b. Propose a comprehensive plan to improve warehouse efficiency and optimize
inventory management. Outline the strategies you would implement to address the
identified challenges. Include steps to streamline order processing, minimize errors,
and reduce inventory carrying costs. Support your proposed plan with relevant
theories, industry best practices, and real-life examples of successful warehouse
management implementations. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In an era where E-commerce reigns supreme, the efficiency of warehouse operations acts as a
differentiator between success and stagnation. Addressing the inefficiencies and optimizing
inventory management is of paramount importance. Drawing from proven theories, industry
best practices, and real-life successful implementations, a comprehensive plan can be
World Class Operations
December 2023 Examination
Q1. As a consultant dealing with TQM practices, you are concerned with the objectives
or the principles for implementing TQM. In this regard, explain the principles for
which TQM is implemented. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Total Quality Management (TQM) represents a paradigm shift in the way businesses
approach quality and performance. Initially rooted in manufacturing, the philosophy and
practices of TQM have permeated a range of sectors, becoming a cornerstone of business
excellence. TQM transcends the rudimentary objective of producing defect-free products or
delivering impeccable services. Instead, it integrates a holistic perspective of continuous
improvement involving every stakeholder, from employees to suppliers, in its quest. At the
heart of this approach lies a set of guiding principles that determine its application and
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Q2. In order to develop and maintain quality in processes, products and services, there
are factors that need to be considered. Please explain the factors with suitable examples.
(10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
In today’s highly competitive business environment, maintaining consistent quality in
processes, products, and services is not only a differentiator but also a necessity. Quality
assurance is the bedrock on which customers base their trust, and it often determines an
organization’s long-term success. When we speak of quality, we refer not only to the final
product or service but also to the systems and processes that create them. In the backdrop of
this realization, various factors emerge as crucial in the establishment and sustenance of
quality. These factors encompass a vast array of elements ranging from organizational culture
Q3.a) Quality Awards act as motivation for the companies to carry on with the world
class standards in manufacturing. There are some awards, which are international, and
some are domestic. Refer to one international and one domestic award and explain how
are they different. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Quality Awards, established by various organizations and governments worldwide, recognize
and honor companies that demonstrate excellence in their manufacturing processes and
overall management. These awards not only serve as an acknowledgment of a company’s
commitment to quality but also inspire other organizations to achieve similar standards.
International awards are designed to serve companies across the globe, emphasizing
universally recognized principles, while domestic awards cater to nation-specific nuances and
b) With reference to Quality Awards how Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence
assesses for the award? (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA), established as a beacon of
performance excellence, represents one of the most prestigious recognitions for quality and
performance management globally. Rooted in diverse criteria, it’s not just about quality in the
traditional sense, but a holistic view of organizational excellence. The Baldrige Criteria for
Performance Excellence serve as the foundation for this award, providing a comprehensive