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NMIMS 2nd sem Questions sample
Business Analytics
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A retail chain is preparing to launch a new analytics dashboard to monitor sales performance. While compiling the sales dataset, the analyst notices that several entries in the ‘delivery amount’ column are missing due to data entry errors and system glitches. The dataset will be used to generate visualisations for management decision-making. The analyst must select and apply the most suitable imputation method to fill in the missing values, ensuring that the resulting analysis accurately reflects business performance and is not skewed by the chosen technique. Given the scenario, how should the business analyst apply appropriate imputation methods to handle missing delivery amounts in the sales dataset, and what considerations should guide the choice between mean, median, and mode imputation for this retail context? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Analytics dashboards are particularly important tools for managers to keep an eye on sales, delivery patterns, and the general profitability of the firm in today’s retail world. However, the reliability of these dashboards depends on the quality and completeness of the underlying dataset. Missing values—particularly in key metrics like delivery amount—can distort insights, weaken trend analysis, and lead to flawed decision-making. Therefore, business analysts must adopt suitable imputation techniques to handle missing data, ensuring accuracy and consistency. The choice between mean, median, or mode imputation is not arbitrary; it requires a careful assessment of the dataset’s distribution, presence of outliers, and the business context in which decisions will be applied. Addressing these
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Q2(A). After applying statistical inference, Mehta E-Commerce identified several factors—such as product quality, delivery speed, and customer support—that significantly impact customer satisfaction. The company must now decide how to allocate resources to address these areas, considering limited budgets and competing business objectives. Assess the strategic implications of resource allocation decisions made by Mehta E-Commerce after identifying statistically significant factors affecting customer satisfaction. How should management weigh the statistical significance of these factors against business priorities, operational constraints, and potential unintended consequences when justifying investments in improvement initiatives? (5 Marks)
Ans 2a.
Introduction
Customer satisfaction is a vital driver of competitive advantage for e-commerce companies, directly influencing retention, repeat purchases, and brand reputation. Mehta E-Commerce, after applying statistical inference, has identified product quality, delivery speed, and customer support as significant factors shaping customer experience. However, the challenge lies in allocating limited resources effectively across these dimensions. The management must carefully balance statistical significance with practical business
Q2(B). A retail company has implemented a simple linear regression model to forecast monthly sales based on advertising spend. The analytics team reports a high R- squared value, leading management to believe the model is highly reliable. However, some team members question whether R-squared alone provides a complete picture of model performance, especially given the complexity of market dynamics and the risk of overfitting. Assess the effectiveness of using the coefficient of determination (R- squared) as the primary metric for evaluating the fit of a simple linear regression model in a business context. What are the potential pitfalls of over-relying on R- squared, and how would you recommend balancing it with other diagnostic tools to ensure robust model assessment? (5 Marks)
Ans 2b.
Introduction
In business analytics, regression models are widely used to forecast key outcomes, such as sales, based on explanatory variables like advertising spend. A high R-squared value often creates the perception that the model is highly reliable. However, R-squared only explains the proportion of variance accounted for by the model and does not guarantee accuracy, causality, or predictive robustness. In the case of the retail company, management must
Cost & Management Accounting
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A factory produces a single product. The following information relates to the month of March:
– Standard labour time per unit = 2.0 hours.
– Standard labour rate = Rs.100 per hour.
– Actual production = 1,000 units.
– Actual hours worked (including idle time) = 2,200 hours.
– Idle time during the period = 100 hours (paid but unproductive).
– Actual average labour rate paid = Rs.95 per hour.
Overheads:
– Budgeted fixed factory overheads = Rs.1,00,000 per month.
– Budgeted variable factory overheads = Rs.20 per productive hour.
– The overhead absorption basis is labour hours; standard hours for absorption = hours required for actual output (i.e., 2.0 hr × 1,000 units).
– Actual fixed overheads incurred = Rs.1,10,000.
– Actual variable overheads incurred = Rs.46,000.
Required:
(a) Calculate the standard labour cost for the output, actual labour cost, labour rate variance, labour efficiency variance.
(b) Compute the overhead absorption rate per hour, overheads absorbed, and state whether overheads are over- or under-absorbed and by how much.
(c) Suggest two control measures (brief) — one for labour cost control and one for overhead control. (1 mark) (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Cost and management accounting provides a systematic framework for analyzing production costs and identifying areas where performance can be improved. It helps management understand not only how much has been spent but also whether resources are being used effectively. In the given case, the focus is on analyzing labour and overhead costs for a factory producing a single product. Variance analysis, a central tool in cost accounting, allows managers to compare actual performance with predetermined standards, highlighting areas of efficiency and inefficiency. By studying labour rate variance, labour efficiency variance, and overhead absorption, managers can better assess whether costs were well controlled or deviated from the
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Q2(A). A manufacturing company is reviewing its inventory valuation methods. The finance team notes that FIFO and LIFO, each impact reported profits, tax liabilities, and inventory values differently, especially during periods of volatile material prices. The operations team is concerned about the complexity of calculations and the alignment with actual material flows. The management team must decide which method best supports both financial reporting and operational needs. Evaluate the implications of choosing between FIFO, LIFO for inventory valuation in a manufacturing company experiencing frequent price fluctuations. How should management decide which method to adopt, and what improvements would you suggest to ensure both financial accuracy and operational efficiency? (5 Marks)
Ans 2a.
Introduction
Inventory valuation is a crucial element of financial and operational decision-making in manufacturing companies. The method chosen affects reported profits, tax liabilities, and balance sheet values, especially during times of volatile material prices. FIFO and LIFO are two widely used approaches, each with unique implications for financial reporting and operational practices. In a scenario where material costs fluctuate frequently, the choice between FIFO and LIFO can significantly influence managerial decisions, profitability analysis, and the overall transparency of financial performance.
Q2(B). A textile mill’s spinning department reported an abnormal gain this quarter, with actual production surpassing the normal output due to enhanced worker efficiency and minor process improvements. While this has led to lower per-unit costs and higher reported profits, the finance director is concerned about whether this gain is sustainable and how it should influence future budgeting, cost estimation, and operational planning. Assess the managerial response to an abnormal gain in a textile mill’s spinning process, where actual output exceeded expected levels due to improved worker efficiency. How should management adjust future cost estimates and operational strategies in light of this abnormal gain, and what are the potential risks of misinterpreting such gains in process costing? (5 Marks)
Ans 2B.
Introduction
In process industries like textiles, output is often standardized, and any deviation from normal production is closely analyzed. An abnormal gain occurs when actual production surpasses the expected output, typically due to efficiency improvements or favourable conditions. While such gains reduce per-unit costs and increase profits in the short term, management must carefully evaluate their sustainability. Misinterpreting abnormal gains as permanent improvements can distort future budgeting, cost estimations, and planning, potentially leading to unrealistic targets
Human Resource Management
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories is creating a new global compliance manager position to oversee regulatory requirements across multiple countries. The HR team must conduct a job analysis to define the role’s responsibilities, required competencies, and performance standards. Given the complexity and international scope, relying on a single data collection method may not capture all relevant aspects. The HR team must select and combine appropriate job analysis methods, such as interviews, questionnaires, and observation, to ensure the job description and specification are robust and support effective recruitment and performance management. How should the HR team at Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories apply multiple job analysis data collection methods to ensure comprehensive and accurate job information for a new global role, considering the limitations of each method? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the pharmaceutical sector today, which is quite international, compliance management has gotten more difficult because companies have to keep an eye on different sets of rules in different nations. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, while creating a new global compliance manager role, must ensure that the job description and specification accurately reflect the responsibilities, competencies, and performance standards essential for success in such a strategic position. A single method of job analysis, though useful, may not be sufficient to capture the multidimensional nature of this global role. Hence, the HR team must employ a combination of methods such as interviews, questionnaires, and observation, complemented by secondary data from regulatory guidelines. This multi-method approach ensures a more comprehensive, accurate, and balanced job analysis, strengthening
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Q2(A). A multinational corporation is recruiting for several global leadership positions. The HR team is debating whether to use structured interviews, which ensure consistency and comparability, or unstructured interviews, which allow for deeper exploration of candidates’ personalities and cultural fit. The company values both fairness and the ability to identify leaders who can thrive in diverse, cross-cultural environments. Assess the effectiveness of using structured versus unstructured interviews in the selection process for a multinational corporation seeking to fill global leadership roles. (5 Marks)
Ans 2a.
Introduction
In multinational corporations, recruitment for global leadership positions requires methods that balance fairness, consistency, and the ability to identify cross-cultural adaptability. Interviews remain one of the most critical tools in assessing leadership qualities. Structured interviews provide uniformity, enabling objective comparisons, while unstructured interviews allow deeper insights into personality, leadership style, and cultural intelligence. Both methods offer unique strengths and limitations. A thoughtful evaluation of their effectiveness is essential for selecting leaders who can thrive in diverse, global
Q2(B). A large multinational is considering a major investment in AI-powered learning platforms and data analytics to personalize employee training and track development outcomes. While some leaders see this as a way to future-proof the workforce and increase agility, others worry about employee resistance, data privacy, and the loss of human touch in development. The HRD team must evaluate the overall impact of technology-driven interventions and propose strategies to ensure effective implementation. Critique the effectiveness of using technology-driven HRD interventions, such as AI-powered learning platforms and data analytics, in enhancing employee competencies and organizational agility. (5 Marks)
Ans 2b.
Introduction
The rise of AI-powered learning platforms and data analytics has transformed how organizations approach employee development. For multinationals seeking agility, such technology-driven interventions offer personalization, scalability, and data-driven insights into workforce competencies. However, concerns regarding employee resistance, privacy, and the dilution of human touch cannot be overlooked. Evaluating both benefits and limitations is critical to ensure that technology enhances, rather than replaces, human-centered development. The effectiveness of such interventions ultimately depends on
Legal Aspect of Business
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. Ravi and Priya want to start a company to sell organic food products. Their consultant tells them they must prepare and register a Memorandum of Association (MOA) with the Registrar of Companies.
Ravi thinks the MOA is just a registration formality. Priya says it is important because it decides what the company can and cannot do.
A year later, they plan to start a travel agency under the same company. Can they do this without changing their MOA? Explain the purpose of registering an MOA and advise them. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In company law, the Memorandum of Association (MOA) is the foundational charter that defines the very scope and powers of a company. It is not a mere registration formality but a legal document that specifies the objectives for which the company is formed and the framework within which it must operate. For Ravi and Priya, who wish to start a company for selling organic food products, preparing and registering an MOA with the Registrar of Companies is mandatory under the Companies Act, 2013. While Ravi perceives the MOA as procedural paperwork, Priya rightly understands its significance in defining the boundaries of
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Q2(A). Ravi agrees to supply 1,000 chairs to Meera for Rs.5,00,000. After delivering 600 chairs, Ravi asks for payment for those. Meera refuses, saying the contract was for the full 1,000 chairs and she will only pay after all are delivered.
Later, Meera sells 500 of the chairs already delivered.
Can Ravi claim payment for the 600 chairs? Explain using the concept of partial performance under the Indian Contract Act, referring to when such partial performance can be accepted or rejected. (5 Marks)
Ans 2a.
Introduction
Contracts under the Indian Contract Act, 1872 are binding agreements that require performance as promised unless otherwise agreed. In commercial supply contracts, disputes often arise when one party performs part of the obligation and seeks payment before completing the entire contract. The issue of partial performance determines whether the receiving party is bound to pay for what has been delivered or can withhold payment until full performance. In Ravi’s case,
Q2(B). Ramesh, a shopkeeper, is unconscious after a road accident. His neighbour Suresh takes him to a private hospital, which immediately provides emergency treatment worth Rs.50,000. After recovering, Ramesh refuses to pay, saying there was no agreement between him and the hospital. The hospital asks Suresh to pay, but Suresh says he only helped and should be reimbursed.
Advise the hospital and Suresh using the concept of quasi-contract under the Indian Contract Act. (5 Marks)
Ans 2b.
Introduction
The Indian Contract Act, 1872 recognizes situations where obligations are imposed even without a formal agreement. These are known as quasi-contracts, where a person is bound to compensate another to prevent unjust enrichment. The case of Ramesh, who received emergency treatment after an accident, highlights this principle. Even though no express agreement existed between Ramesh and the hospital, services were rendered lawfully and for his
Operations Management
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A fast-growing meal kit delivery startup is experiencing operational bottlenecks as it tries to offer more customization options to customers, such as dietary preferences and portion sizes. While customers appreciate the flexibility, the increased complexity is leading to higher costs, longer lead times, and more frequent errors in order fulfillment. The operations manager is considering using PCN analysis to map out the process and identify opportunities to streamline operations without sacrificing the personalized experience that differentiates the brand. How should the operations manager apply Process-Chain-Network (PCN) analysis to redesign the service delivery process, balancing the need for customization with operational efficiency and cost control? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Customization has become a key way for companies to stand apart in the competitive service industry, notably in the food and meal kit delivery business. By offering varied options such as dietary preferences, portion sizes, and specialized menus, startups can enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, these advantages often create operational bottlenecks, higher costs, and fulfillment errors, thereby undermining efficiency and profitability. To address this paradox, the operations manager must adopt structured tools like Process-Chain-Network (PCN) analysis, which helps map and evaluate the interactions between customers and service providers. Through PCN analysis, the startup can visualize its service delivery processes, identify inefficiencies, and redesign
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Q2(A). A switchgear manufacturer must plan production for the next year. The company can either maintain a constant workforce and production rate (level strategy), incurring inventory holding and backorder costs, or adjust capacity each period (chase strategy), incurring overtime, undertime, hiring, and layoff costs. The workforce is skilled, and frequent changes may affect morale and productivity. The company seeks to minimize total costs while ensuring operational stability. Evaluate the implications of choosing a level strategy versus a chase strategy for a manufacturer of electrical switchgears, given the cost structures and operational realities described. Justify which strategy you would recommend, considering factors such as inventory costs, workforce stability, and the feasibility of frequent hiring or layoffs. (5 Marks)
Ans 2a.
Introduction
Production planning in the switchgear industry requires balancing cost efficiency with operational stability. Manufacturers can adopt either a level strategy, maintaining a constant workforce and steady production, or a chase strategy, adjusting workforce and capacity to match fluctuating demand. Each approach carries implications in terms of costs, workforce morale, and service performance. In the context of skilled labor and potential morale issues from frequent workforce adjustments, the company must carefully
Q2(B). An established Indian manufacturing company is experiencing pressure from customers demanding greater variety, customization, and faster delivery of products. At the same time, the firm must control costs and maintain operational efficiency to remain competitive against global players. The management is considering whether to invest in flexible manufacturing systems, redesign its supply chain, or limit product variety. Evaluate the implications of increasing customer expectations and product/service proliferation on the operations management practices of an Indian manufacturing firm. Critically discuss how the firm should balance customization, cost control, and operational complexity, and justify which strategies would best position the firm for sustained competitiveness in a liberalized economy. (5 Marks)
Ans 2b.
Introduction
Indian manufacturers today face heightened pressure as customers demand greater product variety, customization, and faster deliveries, while cost control remains critical for global competitiveness. This creates an operational dilemma: offering variety increases complexity and costs, while focusing only on efficiency risks losing customers to competitors. To thrive in a liberalized economy, the firm must carefully evaluate strategies like flexible manufacturing systems, supply chain redesign, and selective product variety, ensuring that customer expectations are met without eroding efficiency or profitability. A
Strategic Management
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. Queens Magic Land, a leading theme park operator, diversified into the quick service restaurant (QSR) sector by leveraging its success with healthy food options in its parks. Despite initial customer interest, the chain quickly faced losses due to high competition, operational costs, and fading novelty. The QSR market is saturated with established brands like McDonald’s, KFC, and local players, making it difficult for the new entrant to sustain its premium, health-focused positioning. The management is now evaluating how to reposition the QSR business using Porter’s cost leadership, differentiation, or focus strategies to carve out a sustainable niche and improve profitability. Given the scenario, how can Queens Magic Land apply Porter’s generic strategies to reposition its quick service restaurant (QSR) business and regain competitive advantage in a crowded market with both international and domestic players? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Queens Magic Land, a well-known theme park operator, entered the quick service restaurant (QSR) sector by building on its brand image of offering healthy food choices within its parks. While the concept initially attracted attention, the chain soon faced heavy losses due to intense competition, high operational costs, and the challenge of sustaining novelty in a saturated market. Established global players like McDonald’s and KFC, along with local QSR brands, dominate the space with strong cost efficiency and brand loyalty. In this scenario, Queens Magic Land needs a clear strategic direction to regain competitiveness. Porter’s generic strategies—cost leadership, differentiation, and focus—offer a structured framework for repositioning the QSR business and carving out a
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Q2(A). Let us assume that Marico Limited, which is a leading player in the beauty and wellness industry, has implemented a range of sustainability initiatives, including energy efficiency, renewable energy adoption, and waste reduction. These efforts have required significant operational adjustments and ongoing commitment. However, the company faces challenges in managing the trade-offs between environmental sustainability and other business priorities, such as cost control and supply chain efficiency. The management team is evaluating whether their current environmental scanning practices adequately capture both the risks and opportunities presented by ecological and societal trends. Critically assess Marico Limited’s approach to sustainability and efficient manufacturing in the context of environmental scanning. Briefly explain how well Marico balance the strategic opportunities and risks associated with ecological and societal trends. (5 Marks)
Ans 2a.
Introduction
Marico Limited, a leader in the beauty and wellness industry, has embedded sustainability into its operational framework by focusing on energy efficiency, renewable energy adoption, and waste reduction. These initiatives signify a proactive shift toward responsible business practices. However, sustainability often requires balancing ecological goals with cost control, profitability, and supply chain optimization. The company’s ability to use environmental scanning effectively becomes critical in navigating this balance, as it
Q2(B). A large conglomerate with multiple business units across various industries relies heavily on the BCG Growth-Share Matrix to allocate resources and make investment decisions. While the matrix provides a clear visual representation of business unit performance, some managers argue that it oversimplifies complex realities and may lead to suboptimal decisions, especially in fast-changing markets. Critically assess the decision of a diversified conglomerate to use the BCG Growth-Share Matrix as its primary tool for portfolio analysis. Briefly explain the limitations of this approach in today’s dynamic business environment, and how the company might improve its strategic decision-making process. You may use relevant examples to support your analysis. (5 Marks)
Ans 2b.
Introduction
The BCG Growth-Share Matrix has long been used by diversified conglomerates to assess the performance of business units and allocate resources accordingly. Its simplicity, through categorizing units into stars, cash cows, question marks, and dogs, offers a quick visualization of relative market share and growth prospects. However, in today’s dynamic and complex business environment, overreliance on the BCG Matrix can oversimplify realities. This may lead to suboptimal investment decisions and undermine long-term
Question Samples for NMIMS DEC 2023 season→
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Business Communication
December 2023 Examination
1) Meher is a communications consultant, fairly an unknown field. However, her
customers know how she makes a real difference in their way of reaching out to their
clients. Meher handles all the communication channels that her customers need to use in
their business. Their email communications, their social media communications, their
web presence, and literature that goes out from their offices. She also conducts training
for her customers so that they can use the strategies and make themselves effective. One
basic tip that Meher likes to always follow and share with people is controlling the style
and tone of communication. Considering this case, please share the rules or strategies
that you covered about controlling the style and tone of communication, in your course.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of business, communication stands as a pillar that bridges the gap
between an organization and its stakeholders. Meher, a communications consultant, embodies
the essence of this vital role. While the domain of communications consultancy might seem
esoteric to many, its impact is palpable in the way businesses connect with their clients. The
digital age has amplified the channels of communication, making it imperative for businesses
to maintain a consistent and effective presence across all platforms, be it email, social media,
websites, or printed literature. However, amidst the cacophony of
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2) Praful is working for a research institute as research associate for
archaeological projects. As a part of his job, Praful needs to write to various
departments of the government for access to forts and geographical areas for research.
Help Praful to develop a routine request draft towards asking for information and
action to these departments. (Write the letter to Archaeological Survey of India about
visiting 2 forts in 6 months). (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Archaeology, as a discipline, is a bridge that connects us to our past, enabling us to
understand our history, culture, and the evolution of our societies. It is through the meticulous
efforts of archaeologists that we are able to uncover the mysteries of bygone eras and gain
insights into the lives of our ancestors. Praful, a dedicated research associate for a renowned
research institute, is one such individual who has devoted his life to the pursuit of knowledge
and the discovery of our historical roots. His passion for archaeology is not just limited to
academic research; it extends to the field where real discoveries are made. However, the path
3) Sumana is heading HR of a PR agency in a big city. She is rather known for being
bluntly honest. However, she is always appreciated for being logical. While she will be
honest in her negative feedback about performance reviews or when rejecting any job
application, she always gives clear reasons, which work as positive feedback for the
receivers. In light of this, answer the following questions.
a) Put forth strategies for effectively rejecting job applications. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the dynamic world of Human Resources, the task of rejecting job applications is as crucial
as selecting the right candidate. While it’s essential to ensure that the organization’s interests
are upheld, it’s equally vital to ensure that the rejected candidates walk away with a positive
experience. Sumana’s approach, characterized by blunt honesty coupled with logical
b) Share a strategy for sharing negative performance reviews. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Performance reviews are a cornerstone of professional development, providing employees
with feedback on their contributions and areas of improvement. While positive reviews are
easy to communicate, negative reviews pose a challenge. They can be demotivating and, if
not handled correctly, can lead to decreased morale and productivity. However, with the right
strategy, negative performance reviews can be transformed into constructive discussions that
Business Law
December 2023 Examination
1) If the policy contains an arbitration clause, the courts in India will direct the parties
to arbitrate. The jurisdiction of the court in deciding an application for arbitral
reference is very narrow and limited to examining only the existence of an arbitration
agreement, and all other questions relating to the arbitrability of the dispute have to be
decided by the arbitral tribunal. Explain this statement with the help of recent decision
of various courts. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Arbitration, as an alternative to traditional litigation, has grown in popularity as a mode of
dispute resolution, especially in commercial contracts. The reason for its attractiveness lies in
the fact that arbitration is often perceived as a quicker, more confidential, and flexible method
to resolve disputes than the traditional court system. However, it hinges on the existence of an
arbitration clause in the agreement between the parties. In India, the arbitration process is
governed by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Act clearly delineates the role of
courts and arbitral tribunals in the arbitration process. The focal
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2) The vehicle owner paid the renewal premium amount to the insurance agent on
January 19, 2022 and a receipt was also issued. However, the insurance agent had
credited the amount to the insurance company only on January 31, 2022. The policy for
the vehicle was issued only with effect from February 1, 2016. On January 24, 2022
accident happened and the owner of the vehicle died. The insurance company rejected
the claim and hence the legal heirs of the vehicle owner filed a case against the insurance
company. The court mulcted the entire liability upon the insurance agent. Examine
whether in this situation agent was liable with the help of recent case laws. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Insurance is a contractual agreement between the policyholder and the insurance company,
ensuring that in return for premium payments, the insurer will provide compensation for
specified potential future events. An integral part of this contract is the timely payment and
processing of premiums, which ensures the continuity of the coverage. Insurance agents act
as intermediaries between policyholders and insurance companies, and their roles come with
fiduciary responsibilities. The situation detailed above presents a quandary wherein a delay in
transmitting a renewal premium by the insurance agent may have led to a lack of coverage
3) Consumers who are unaware of their rights are vulnerable in the marketplace. It is
vital that they be aware of their rights so that they can make choices confidently, and
with due regard to their interests.
(a) What are all the rights available to consumer. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the modern marketplace, consumers often find themselves navigating a complex web of
products, services, and providers. Given the diversity and intricacy of options available, the
potential for exploitation or unintentional harm is high. Recognizing this challenge,
legislations and frameworks have been instituted globally to protect consumers and empower
(b) Explain the compliant making process for misleading advertisement and ecommerce platform. (5
Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
The rise of digital platforms, particularly e-commerce and online advertising, has transformed
the way we shop and consume information. While these platforms offer convenience and a
plethora of choices, they also come with their set of challenges. Misleading advertisements
and e-commerce discrepancies can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and potential harm. To
Decision Science
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Draw the decision tree diagram and explain the best possible decision based on
EMVs
(expected Monetary Values) On the 1st April 2023, Rajinder Saproo, an investor is in a
dilemma for the investment of 10 lakh INR. He has consulted his Mumbai based friend,
MukulBhai Gadhecha, an investment expert for this matter. Mr Saproo went to meet
him at his office located at Prabhadevi. Mukulbhai asked him to express his feeling for
the market situation in coming economic year.
Mr Saproo assumed the economic growth for the coming year in the following way.
10 % optimist for the ‘Good Economic Growth’
50 % optimist for the ‘Moderate Economic Growth’
40 % optimist for the ‘Lower Economic Growth’.
In addition to this, MuKulbhai Gadhecha carried out his analysis to derive possible
payoff values considering the various investment options as per the economic situations
(presented in the table given below). Figures are in INR on the investment of whole
amount of 10 lakhs.
Options
Good Economic
Moderate Economic
Lower Economic
Growth
Growth
Mauti Suzuki Shares 3,00,000
Growth’
1,20,000
50,000
TATA Motor Shares 4,00,000
1,00,000
10,000
D Mart shares
4,50,000
2,30,000
30,000
If you were in place of Mukulbhai Gadhecha, What do you recommend to Mr. Saproo?
Note: You are not allowed to use any software for the calculation. But for the
preparation of
Decision tree diagram you are advised to use Software like MS -Word, PowerPoint etc.
(10 Marks)
Solution Q. 1
Title: Investment Recommendation for Mr. Saproo Using Expected Monetary Values
(EMVs)
Introduction:
Mr. Rajinder Saproo, an investor with 10 lakh INR, sought the know-how of
MukulbhaiGadhecha, an investment expert based in Mumbai. Mukulbhai became tasked with
advising Mr. Saproo on the optimal investment choice given sure economic growth scenarios.
Mr. Saproo’s notion of the financial landscape for the upcoming year became divided into
three procedures: 10% optimistic about ‘true economic growth,’ 50% confident about
‘moderate economic increase,’ and 40% happy about ‘lower financial increase.’ Mukulbhai
Gadhecha comprehensively analyzed potential payoffs for diverse investment alternatives
underneath these situations. The investment alternatives under attention had been Maruti
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Q2. Draw the appropriate chart using MS EXCEL, also carryout Exponential
Smoothing model in MS EXCEL for the given Alpha values, copy the results (from
EXCEL to Word) and explain which alpha is relatively better for the forecast. In this
journey of identification of relatively better way of forecasting you may take the
support of MAD and MSE type of errors. Suggested Alpha values are 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7,
0.9. (10 Marks)
Yield of
Groundnut
(Kg./hectare)
2000-01
977
2001-02
1127
2002-03
694
2003-04
1357
2004-05
1020
2005-06
2006-07
1187
2007-08
866
2008-09
1459
2009-10
1163
2010-11
991
2011-12
2012-13
1411
2013-14
1323
2014-15
995
2015-16
2016-17
1764
1552
1465
1398
1893
1422
2063
1703
1758
Data Source: RBI
SOLUTION
The Quest for the Optimal Alpha:
Inside the realm of forecasting, we embark on a quest to unveil the alpha value that holds the
key to superior predictive powers. Our journey takes us through the dense forest of mean
Absolute Deviation (MAD) and the treacherous terrain of suggest-squared mistakes (MSE).
These metrics will be our guiding stars in this odyssey.
The Contestants:
Our noble contestants are alpha values—0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9. each Alpha seeks to prove
its worth in the forecasting world, but only one shall emerge victorious.
Q3. A) You are not advised to use Software in this case, show the calculation-steps typed
in your MS-word file.
In Roshni lights ( manufacturer of Mirchi lights) A production run of 2000 set of Mirchi
lights being tested for the life, the data shows that life is normally distributed with an
average life span of 90 days and a standard deviation of 10 days. What is the probability
if a set of Mirchi lights randomly selected from that lot, survived up to 100 days? (5
Marks)
SOLUTION 3-A
To ascertain the chance of a randomly selected set of Mirchi lights from the production lot
surviving for 100 days, we delve into the world of records and regular distribution. With a
median life span (mean) of 90 days and a standard deviation of 10 days, we embark on a
journey to calculate this probability of the usage of the fascinating world of Z-scores and the
Q3 B) Draw an appropriate chart to show the contribution of each category (in percent
form) of Micro, small and medium Enterprises (MSMEs) at the state level. (You may
use the MS EXCEL). In conclusion also write, why you have chosen this graph for this
problem? (5 Marks)
StateName
DistrictName
Total
Micro
Small
Medium
MSMEs
UTTARAKHA
ND
ALMORA
1235 1068
150
17
UTTARAKHA
ND
BAGESHWAR
838
807
29
2
UTTARAKHA
ND
CHAMOLI
739
688
49
2
UTTARAKHA
ND
CHAMPAWAT 802
745
55
2
UTTARAKHA
ND
DEHRADUN
12605 10600
1909
96
UTTARAKHA
ND
HARIDWAR
8883 6416
2263
204
UTTARAKHA
ND
NAINITAL
3752 3003
675
74
UTTARAKHA
ND
PAURI
GARHWAL
4955 4678
264
13
UTTARAKHA
ND
PITHORAGARH 1061 962
95
4
UTTARAKHA
ND
RUDRA PRAYAG 740
698
37
5
UTTARAKHA
ND
TEHRI
GARHWAL
1399 1227
162
10
UTTARAKHA
ND
UDHAM
SINGH NAGAR
9746 7767
1839
140
UTTARAKHA
ND
UTTARKASHI 1114 1002
111
1
Data source: OGD
SOLUTION 3-B
Stacked Bar
250
200
150
100
50
0
ALMORA
BAG
E
SHWA
R
CHAMOLI
CHAMP
T
DUN
AWA
HRA
AR
NA
INITA
L
HARIDW
DE
URI GA
RHWAL
PITHORAG
ARH
PRAYAG
R
L
ASHI
RHWA
AGA
N
HRI GA
GH
UTTARK
RUDRA
SIN
PA
TE
M
UDHA
Medium
Reasons for Choosing a Stacked Bar Chart:
Comparative Clarity: The number one objective is to offer a clear, visible assessment of the
contributions made by Micro, Small, and Medium enterprises to the overall range of MSMEs
in each district of Uttarakhand. A stacked bar chart excels on this, presenting those
contributions facet through side within each section. This visible contrast is crucial for
Essentials of HRM
December 2023 Examination
Q1. Explain how you would do a job analysis for the position of “Successful Student”
and create a job description using the various elements. Explain your choices of
essential functions and job specifications.
Ans 1.
Introduction
Job analysis is a systematic process of understanding the nature and requirements of a
particular position. It involves gathering, documenting, and analyzing information about a job
to provide a comprehensive understanding of its roles, responsibilities, and qualifications.
When we think of job analysis, we often associate it with traditional occupations in the
corporate world. However, the concept can be applied to any role, including that of a
“Successful Student.” A student’s role is multifaceted, encompassing academic,
extracurricular, and personal development aspects. By conducting a job analysis for the
position of a “Successful Student,” we aim to understand the key components that contribute
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Q2. Which training methods would be most effective to train the taste testers? Discuss
how each ofthe levels in Kirkpatrick’s model could be applied to the training for the
positions.
Would another evaluation method be more relevant? Explain. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Taste testers play a pivotal role in the food and beverage industry, ensuring that products
meet specific quality and flavor standards before reaching the market. Training these
professionals effectively is crucial, not only to ensure consistent product quality but also to
maintain a brand’s reputation. One of the widely recognized models for evaluating training
programs is Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Training Evaluation Model. This model provides a
structured framework to assess the effectiveness of training at different stages, from the
immediate reaction of the participants to the long-term impact on business outcomes. In the
context of training taste testers, it becomes essential to understand how each level of
Q3. Design an employee selection program for hiring stock traders. We already know
what to look for as far as the technical skills are concerned such as accounting skills,
economics, and so on. What we want is a program for screening out potential bad
apples. To that end, please let us know the following:
a) What screening tests would you suggest, and why? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The financial industry, especially stock trading, is not just about numbers and market
analysis; it’s also about trust, integrity, and ethical decision-making. While technical skills are
paramount, the character and moral compass of a stock trader can significantly impact an
organization’s reputation and financial health. Therefore, when designing an employee
selection program for hiring stock traders, it’s crucial to have robust screening mechanisms in
b) What questions should we add to our application form? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction (100 words)
The application form is often the first point of interaction between a potential employee and
an organization. For roles as critical as stock traders, where ethical considerations are
paramount, the application form should be more than just a collection of personal details and
qualifications. It should serve as a preliminary screening tool to gauge the applicant’s values,
ethical beliefs, and past behaviors. By incorporating specific questions tailored to assess these
aspects, organizations can filter out candidates who might not align with their ethical
Operations Management
December 2023 Examination
Q.1 Tesla Motors is considering India for setting up its manufacturing facility. As
regional head, you have been assigned the most critical decision of choosing a location
for your business setup. What are the various factors that you will consider for
narrowing down on a facility location for your business? Also, justify your selection
with some facts based on the choice of your location as you why you feel that location is
appropriate for setting up the manufacturing facility. (10 marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving landscape of the automotive industry, Tesla Motors stands as a beacon
of innovation and sustainability. As the company looks to expand its global footprint, India
emerges as a potential destination for its next manufacturing facility. India, with its vast
market potential, burgeoning middle class, and strategic location, offers a unique blend of
opportunities and challenges for global manufacturers. However, the decision to set up a
manufacturing facility is not one to be taken lightly. It requires a thorough analysis of various
factors that can influence the success and profitability of the venture. From infrastructural
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Q.2 Explain the need for a good layout and compare the different types of layouts used
in operations management, emphasizing their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Post that, analyze the specific challenges and opportunities associated with both the
cloud kitchen format and dine-in restaurant setups. Finally, make a recommendation on
the most suitable layout type for each format, providing a justification for your choice
based on how the selected layout addresses the unique needs and challenges of each
format. (10 marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
Operations management is the backbone of any organization, ensuring that business processes
run smoothly, efficiently, and effectively. One of the pivotal aspects of operations
management is the design and implementation of an appropriate layout. A layout refers to the
arrangement of physical facilities such as machinery, equipment, furniture, and the like, in a
manner that optimizes the flow of work, materials, and people within an organization. A welldesigned
layout not only enhances operational efficiency but also improves worker
productivity, reduces production time, minimizes material handling costs, and ensures safety.
Q.3 A famous patisserie brand is planning to open a new mid-sized pastry shop near
your locality. Considering their expertise and knowledge in manufacturing and
branding their product offerings, they are confident of getting into the new pastry shop
operations. The standard offering, which is ready-to-eat single items, takes nearly 20
minutes for one worker, while the extended multiple items required in bulk take 30
minutes. On the other hand, custom-made items require three workers to spend 25
minutes each.
The company is interested in identifying the right number of workers required in its
shop. Using the data given in the table below:
Type of pastry
Demand in the next 4 weeks
offered
1
2
3
4
Standard single
2000
2200
2800
2500
items
Extended multi-
1700
1600
1300
1000
items
Custom-made
500
600
200
400
items
a) Estimate the aggregate capacity required at the patisserie brand during the next four
weeks. Also, if the company employs 29 workers for six days a week and 10 hours a day,
compute the capacity available in its current level of working.
Is the capacity adequate to meet the demand, and if not, how much additional capacity
do they need? (5 marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
The success of any business, especially in the food industry, hinges on its ability to match
capacity with demand. For a renowned patisserie brand venturing into a new locality,
understanding the capacity requirements is crucial to ensure that they can meet customer
demand without incurring unnecessary costs. This analysis aims to estimate the aggregate
capacity required by the patisserie over the next four weeks based on the demand forecast and
capacity shortfall promptly to ensure they can meet customer demand, maintain their
b) What alternatives would you recommend to the patisserie brand to solve their
capacity problem, and if they are ready to recruit, then how many workers should they
recruit? (5 marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
Capacity management is a delicate balance between meeting demand and controlling costs.
For the patisserie brand, the challenge lies in addressing the capacity shortfall without
compromising on service quality or incurring excessive costs. While recruitment is a direct
solution, it’s essential to explore various alternatives that can provide both short-term and
Strategic Management
December 2023 Examination
1) You are a mobile phone manufacturer manufacturing phones for different segments
of the population. Sales for your lower segment phones is falling while sales for your
higher segment is increasing.
Why do you think is this happening? What could be the reasons? How do you deal with
situation? Does this need any change of strategy? What changes would you do in
strategy? Give valid reasons, examples while answering the questions. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving world of mobile technology, consumer preferences and market
dynamics have displayed tendencies to shift based on a myriad of factors. One such intriguing
phenomenon is the decline in sales of the lower segment phones and the corresponding surge
in sales for the higher segment offerings. This apparent dichotomy could be the result of
various socio-economic, technological, and even psychological factors. A thoughtful analysis
of these reasons is crucial for any mobile manufacturer to determine the necessity and
direction of strategic modifications. Through an exploration of this topic, we aim to dissect
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2) India has been a laggard in the world of Sports. You have been appointed as a
consultant for strategy for building a sports ecosystem in India. Suggest a strategic road
map to make India a sporting powerhouse. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
India, a nation with a rich cultural tapestry and an illustrious history, has often been seen as a
powerhouse in various arenas – be it IT, arts, or cuisine. However, the arena of sports, barring
a few exceptions, is one where the nation has lagged. While the country boasts champions in
cricket and individual sports like badminton and wrestling, the collective representation in
global competitions remains minimal. Several factors, such as insufficient infrastructure, lack
of systematic training, and limited grassroots development, have hindered India’s emergence
3) You are the marketing strategy head for a major online music service. Your business
is dependent on advertising, but, despite the large number of consumers listening to
your app. Advertisers have not been enthused to advertise. (5 Marks)
a. What strategy should you adopt to get advertisers on board? Give examples to
justify your answer.
Ans 3a.
Introduction
In the digital age, online music services have gained immense traction, offering consumers an
expansive array of music at their fingertips. While amassing a significant user base should
ideally be attractive to advertisers, there can be challenges that deter them. If advertisers are
reluctant to invest, it’s indicative of a gap between the perceived value proposition of the
b. Create two ideas to engage with advertisers. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
In an age dominated by digital interaction, the success of online music platforms hinges not
just on user engagement but equally on attracting advertisers. While the user base is
sprawling and dynamic, making the platform appealing for advertisers requires tailored
strategies. To ensure advertisers perceive genuine value and a distinct edge over competing