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IT Security and Risk Management
June 2024 Examination
1. Differentiate between vulnerabilities, threats, and countermeasures in information
security. How do organizations identify and address vulnerabilities? Illustrate how a
firewall plays an important role in protecting networks from unauthorized access. (10
Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction:
In the realm of information security, understanding vulnerabilities, threats, and countermeasures
is paramount for organizations aiming to safeguard their digital assets. Vulnerabilities represent
weaknesses or flaws within a system, software, or process that could be exploited by attackers.
Threats, on the other hand, encompass potential events or circumstances that could cause harm to
an organization’s assets, operations, or reputation. Countermeasures are proactive measures taken
to mitigate risks posed by vulnerabilities and threats, aiming to enhance the overall security
posture of an organization. Identifying and addressing vulnerabilities is a crucial aspect of risk
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2. Explain the importance of security awareness training for employees within an
organization. How can a strong security awareness culture contribute to mitigating
cybersecurity risks? Discuss the role of employees in maintaining the security of information
systems and the potential consequences of a lack of security awareness among staff
members. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction:
In today’s digital landscape, organizations face an ever-evolving array of cybersecurity threats,
ranging from phishing scams to sophisticated malware attacks. Amidst these challenges, security
awareness training for employees emerges as a crucial component of an organization’s defense
strategy. Security awareness training aims to educate employees about cybersecurity best
practices, instill a culture of vigilance, and empower them to recognize and respond to potential
threats effectively. As employees are often the first line of defense against cyber threats, investing
in their cybersecurity education is essential to fortify an organization’s overall security posture.
3. A multinational e-commerce company, E-ShopX, is preparing for its annual flash sale
event, which attracts millions of online shoppers. As a cybersecurity analyst hired by EShopX,
you are tasked with ensuring the security of the company’s systems and
infrastructure during this critical period.
Malicious Code Incident:
a. Scenario: On the eve of the flash sale, several customers report unusual behavior on the
E- ShopX website, such as unexpected redirects, pop-up ads, and slow performance
As the cybersecurity analyst, how would you investigate the reported incidents to determine
if the website has been compromised by malicious code? Outline the steps you would take to
identify, isolate, and mitigate the malicious code to ensure the security and integrity of the
website for the upcoming flash sale. (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction:
As a cybersecurity analyst entrusted with ensuring the security of E-ShopX’s systems and
infrastructure during its annual flash sale event, it’s imperative to promptly investigate reported
incidents of unusual behavior on the company’s website. This essay outlines the steps to
investigate, identify, isolate, and mitigate malicious code to safeguard the website’s security and
b. Scenario: As the flash sale approaches, E-ShopX becomes a prime target for
cyberattacks, including denial of service (DoS) attacks aimed at disrupting the website’s
availability and causing financial losses.
As the cybersecurity analyst, what proactive measures would you implement to protect EShopX’s
systems and infrastructure from potential denial of service (DoS) attacks during
the flash sale event? Describe the strategies and technologies you would deploy to detect,
mitigate, and respond to DoS attacks in real-time to ensure uninterrupted service for online
shoppers. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
As the flash sale event approaches, E-ShopX faces heightened risks of cyberattacks, particularly
denial of service (DoS) attacks aimed at disrupting the website’s availability. As the cybersecurity
analyst, it’s crucial to implement proactive measures to safeguard E-ShopX’s systems and
infrastructure from potential DoS attacks during this critical period, ensuring uninterrupted
service for online shoppers.
Concept and application
Traffic Monitoring and Anomaly Detection: Implementing real-time traffic monitoring and
anomaly detection systems is crucial for identifying unusual patterns or spikes in network traffic,