Description

International Finance
June 2024 Examination
1. Suppose a particular Multinational Company is striving research for further scope of
Global Finance Factors at MACRO Level. Which arena will be stringent for
Management to discover the further International Scope ? Elaborate respective factors.
(10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
In the rapidly evolving landscape of international finance, multinational companies (MNCs)
constantly seek to navigate through a myriad of global finance factors at the macro level to
discover and capitalize on international opportunities. This pursuit, however, is met with
numerous challenges that vary in complexity and intensity depending on the specific arena in
which an MNC operates. Among these arenas, the regulatory environment stands out as
particularly stringent for management to explore further international scope. Regulatory
frameworks across countries can significantly differ, posing a complex puzzle for MNCs
aiming to expand or strengthen their global presence. This complexity is compounded by the
ever-changing nature of international laws, trade agreements, and financial reporting
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2. How the Bretton Woods System & Gold Standard affected 44 Countries Delegates at
New Hampshire for new Currency USD as Global Reserve Currency? Elaborate the
effective features of BWS in terms of International Finance regime. (10 Marks)
Ans 2.
Introduction
The Bretton Woods System (BWS) and the Gold Standard marked a pivotal chapter in the
annals of international finance, establishing a new economic order in the aftermath of World
War II. Convened in July 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, delegates from 44
countries embarked on a mission to create a stable financial framework that would prevent
future economic crises and foster global economic cooperation. The establishment of the BWS
paved the way for the US dollar to become the global reserve currency, anchored by fixed
exchange rates to gold. This move was aimed at achieving international monetary stability,
facilitating post-war reconstruction, and promoting global trade. The introduction of the BWS
3a. What is the Cruciality of IMPERFECT MARKET THEORY in the era of
International Trade & Finance as whether it can stand out as most different / Niche
Global Theory? (5 Marks)
Ans 3a.
Introduction
Imperfect Market Theory occupies a crucial position in the landscape of international trade and
finance, offering a nuanced perspective that diverges significantly from the idealized
assumptions of perfect competition. This theory acknowledges the real-world complexities
such as monopolies, oligopolies, and the presence of trade barriers, which disrupt the free flow
of goods, services, and capital across borders. Its relevance has surged in an era characterized
by global interconnectedness and the increasing prominence of multinational corporations,
b. Elaborate as how International Bonds Markets forms the crucial paradigm in
International Finance Markets? Elaborate any 2 Factors. (5 Marks)
Ans 3b.
Introduction
International bond markets represent a fundamental component of the global financial
ecosystem, facilitating cross-border investment flows and serving as critical instruments for
capital allocation, risk management, and diversification. These markets enable governments,
municipalities, and corporations worldwide to access funding beyond their domestic borders,
thereby playing a pivotal role in the global economy. The expansive reach and diversity of the