NMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 Sample
Business Communication
Dec 2026 Examination
Q1 As the HR Director at a multinational firm, you are tasked with communicating the discontinuation of a long-standing flexible working hours policy due to operational challenges. Employees have enjoyed this benefit for years and will likely feel disappointed or disrespected by the change. Management insists on moving quickly to relieve workflow bottlenecks. You aim to ensure acceptance of the decision, preserve morale, and minimize further issues. The audience includes employees from diverse backgrounds, many of whom will be surprised or upset by the announcement. How would you apply the three-step writing process for negative messages to draft and deliver this announcement so that employees feel respected and informed, while also maintaining the company’s reputation and minimizing future correspondence? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
An announcement about the ending of an old-fashioned policy can be one of the toughest messages to write for a manager. Employees have cherished flexible working hours for years. Making the wrong decision can result in the loss of trust and real anger. As HR Director, your objective isn’t just to inform employees. The real goal is helping employees accept the choice while still feeling respected. The writing process of three steps will help you deal with this. It covers planning the message, writing it down, and then completing the communication. This
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Q2 (A) A green-technology company has published an environmental performance report containing detailed technical information required by regulators. While regulators find the report accurate and complete, members of the general public consider some sections difficult to understand. Evaluate how effectively the report balances technical accuracy with accessibility. Recommend two changes that would make the report easier for non-technical readers to understand without removing information required by regulators. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(A).
Introduction
The Environmental Report is an excellent tool for regulators. It has the detailed data the regulators require. But this same detail makes the report hard for ordinary readers to follow. The gap in accuracy as well as accessibility is common when writing technical documents. It is
Q2 (B) A company is preparing a sales message for a new home water purifier. Some team members want to focus on the emotional appeal of protecting the family’s health, while others prefer logical evidence about filtration performance, maintenance costs and product reliability. Evaluate the advantages and limitations of the two approaches. Recommend how the company should combine emotional appeal and logical evidence to create a credible and persuasive sales message. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(B).
Introduction
The sale of a water purifier can win through emotions or rational thinking. Fear of hazardous water harming the family. The logic is the factual evidence of the cost of filtration as well as. This alone does not create the most powerful message. Effective sales copy typically blends each
Financial Accounting
Dec 2026 Examination
Q1 A newly established retail business has started expanding its operations and is now seeking a bank loan for further growth. The owner maintains basic records of transactions but is unsure how accounting information can support different stakeholders. As a financial consultant, explain how accounting information can be applied to support the decisions of the owner, managers, employees, bankers and government authorities. Also explain how the financial statements prepared from accounting records can assist these users in evaluating the business. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Accounting data does more than simply record what businesses spend and make. This information becomes a common communication system. Different people use this language to take different choices about the same enterprise. This retail business is now growing rapidly. The business is looking for a bank loan for growth. At present, the owner keeps minimal transaction records. Moving to properly prepared accounting statements is now a must. Managers, owners, employees, bankers and governments all look at these numbers differently. As a financial
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NMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 Sample
Q2 (A) A company’s finance manager asks the accountant to postpone the recognition of certain expenses so that the current year’s profit appears higher and the company can meet its performance target. The accountant is concerned that doing so may mislead investors and other stakeholders. As the accountant, propose an appropriate course of action in this situation and justify your recommendation using relevant ethical principles of accounting. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(A).
Introduction
Finance manager is looking to put off certain expenditures. This will make the profits look better. This would allow the business to hit its performance target. But this is not really an accounting question. It’s an ethical matter. An accountant has to choose between pleasing
both the integrity of accountants as well as company’s financial statements.
Q2 (B) The following information is available for ABC Ltd.: Year 2022, Sales Rs. 2,500 lakh, Profit Before Tax Rs. 400 lakh; Year 2023, Sales Rs. 2,750 lakh, Profit Before Tax Rs. 450 lakh; Year 2024, Sales Rs. 3,000 lakh, Profit Before Tax Rs. 500 lakh. Using 2022 as the base year, calculate the trend percentages for Sales and Profit Before Tax for 2023 and 2024. Based on the results, comment briefly on the trend in the company’s performance. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(B).
Introduction
Trend analysis transforms raw profits and sales figures into percentages. These figures are compared against an average year. This makes it easy to see real growth. Also, it shows whether the profit is growing in tandem with sales. The use of 2022 as the basis calendar year reveals a
Marketing Management
Dec 2026 Examination
Q1 EcoLux Skincare, known for its eco-friendly and organic beauty products, has traditionally focused on a niche market of environmentally conscious consumers using a concentrated marketing strategy. With rising demand and greater competition in the sustainability segment, management is considering expanding its targeting approach to include mainstream consumers through differentiated marketing. However, resources are limited, and there is concern about diluting the brand’s specialized image and customer loyalty. How should EcoLux Skincare apply the principles of market targeting and differentiation to decide whether to maintain a concentrated approach or pursue differentiated marketing? Analyze the trade-offs between deepening niche focus and broadening segment coverage using targeting frameworks. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
EcoLux Skincare built its name by focusing on a specific class of people. The EcoLux Skincare group is green, environmental conscious consumers. It was able to achieve a focused strategy with a focus on this specific niche. The demand for products that are sustainable has been increasing rapidly. There is a lot of competition within this field and it’s getting more and more competitive. Management is trying to get in touch with the people who are buying from mainstream stores, also through differentiated marketing. However, the budget is limited. Also,
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Q2 (A) A prominent technology retailer faces a dilemma during an economic downturn: consumers in its core markets become highly price-sensitive, preferring value-for-money products and reducing discretionary spending. The management is debating whether to introduce a new line of budget products, focus on reinforcing its premium brand image, or adopt a hybrid approach. Some members fear that moving downmarket could dilute brand equity, while others argue that value offerings are critical for survival in a recessionary environment. Assess the merits and drawbacks of introducing budget-friendly products versus maintaining a premium positioning during economic downturns. Evaluate how each strategic choice impacts long-term competitiveness, brand equity, and customer loyalty, and recommend the optimal course of action with clear justification. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(A).
Introduction
An economic downturn is hitting the tech retailer with a hammer. Consumers are now looking for value for money. Consumer discretionary spending is soaring. The retailer needs to pick between low-cost products, in the premium category, or mix of both. Any choice comes with a
Q2(B) Let us assume Crescent Beverages, a mid-sized beverage company, recently undertook a major rebranding initiative to differentiate itself from market leaders like Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The company adopted a health-focused positioning, revamped its packaging to emphasize natural ingredients, launched a sub-brand, and amplified customer engagement through digital campaigns and loyalty programs. Despite notable gains in market share and brand awareness, internal debates have emerged regarding the sustainability and scalability of Crescent’s branding approach in the face of growing competition from established and new health-conscious brands. Evaluate Crescent Beverages’ rebranding strategy in terms of its effectiveness in building long-term brand equity against established competitors. Critically assess what improvements or strategic shifts could further strengthen its position, weighing the perspectives of both internal stakeholders and evolving consumer trends. Justify your recommendations. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(B).
Introduction
Crescent Beverages built early rebranding success through health-focused positioning. The company also revamped packaging and increased its digital presence. But the real issue is though. Has this created lasting brand equity, or just some short-term market share gains?
Concept and Application
Effectiveness of the Rebranding So Far
Crescent’s shift to health-focused positioning has created a distinct point of the difference. Coca-
Micro Economics & Macro Economics
Dec 2026 Examination
Q1 A nation is facing rising unemployment due to rapid technological advancements and shifts in its major export markets. Many workers from the manufacturing sector have been laid off, and their skills are no longer in demand. The government, seeking to address both the needs of displaced workers and long-term economic resilience, is considering policy reforms. As an economic advisor, you are tasked with recommending concrete actions based on macroeconomic models of unemployment. Given the scenario, how can the government apply the concepts of structural and frictional unemployment to design effective retraining and labor market adaptability programs? Explain how these interventions would help restore equilibrium in the labor market and support sustainable economic growth. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Rising unemployment here is not only a problem with one cause. This is actually two different problem areas that share a common name. Workers in the manufacturing industry are losing their jobs through automation as well as shifting market for exports. This is a structural problem, really a mismatch between the old abilities and the demands of today. In addition regular job-search delays also add friction. As an economic advisor your first task is telling these two apart. This is the only way for the government to create retraining and match-up programs that can actually be effective. This program can improve labor market balance and support long term
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Q2 (A) A mobile phone company sells smartphones at Rs.20,000 per unit, at which price 500 units are sold per month. The company decides to reduce the price to Rs.18,000 per unit, following which monthly sales increase to 600 units. Meanwhile, a supplier of phone components increases the price of a key component from Rs.200 to Rs.240 per unit. At the original price of Rs.200, suppliers were willing to supply 1,000 units per month. Following the price increase to Rs.240, the quantity supplied increases to 1,300 units per month. Using the percentage method based on the original price and quantity, calculate: (a) the Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) for mobile phones. (b) the Price Elasticity of Supply (PES) for phone components. (c) Based on the calculated coefficients, comment on the nature of demand and supply. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(A).
Introduction
Price elasticity measures how much demand or supply responds to a price change. In this case, we determine it for phones and other phone components. This indicates how conscientious consumers and manufacturers are to this particular market.
Concept and Application
Method Used for Both Calculations
The formula for percentages is straightforward to implement here. Divide the change in
Q2 (B) During a global pandemic, the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks and gloves skyrockets, resulting in a sharp price increase that doesn’t dampen demand due to widespread health concerns. Both new and established manufacturers increase production, but raw material shortages and logistical bottlenecks hinder supply. As the crisis continues, the government introduces subsidies to manufacturers, ensures priority transportation access, and updates safety standards to encourage local innovation. Despite these measures, challenges persist, including uneven distribution and possible product quality issues. Evaluate the range of government interventions in boosting the supply of essential goods during a crisis. Critique their effectiveness with respect to supply determinants such as technology, transportation, pricing, and quality. Which intervention(s) would you consider most effective in both the short and long term, and why? (5 Marks)
Ans 2(B).
Introduction
The pandemic caused a huge rise in PPE demand. There was no way to keep up. Government responded by providing subsidies in the form of transport priorities, as well as new safety standards. All of these tests are the classic supply test directly against a genuine crisis.
Concept and Application
Subsidies and the Pricing Determinant
Subsidies lower the real cost of production for manufacturing companies. They can profitably
Organizational Behavior
Dec 2026 Examination
Q1 At GreenLeaf Logistics, the CEO is concerned that several high-performing employees have recently displayed unpredictable work behavior, ranging from bursts of enthusiasm and collaboration to episodes of withdrawal and missed deadlines. Follow-up conversations suggest that emotional reactions to organizational changes, such as new technology rollouts and process updates, may be a driving force. The management team wants to understand how emotional functions impact employee adaptation and motivation during change initiatives. Based on established models of emotions and their functions in organizational behavior, how should GreenLeaf’s management team apply these concepts to promote adaptive responses and sustained motivation among employees during periods of significant change? (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Employees do not react to changes in a logic-based way. Emotions shape how people respond to changes in processes and systems. When working at GreenLeaf Logistics, some high performers show sudden mood swings. They may be excited for a week and withdrawn the next. It’s a common pattern that indicates emotional reactions, not poor discipline. Management needs to understand why feelings increase in the face of change. There are established models that explain
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Q2 (A) At an international financial services company, the CEO introduces a bonus structure that rewards the top 10% of performers annually. Despite clear criteria and competitive monetary rewards, survey data indicate that employees just below the cut-off feel demotivated and start reducing their discretionary effort. Team leaders report increasing complaints about collaboration and resource sharing as employees compare their input-output ratios. Assess the bonus structure through the lens of Equity Theory and discuss its potential long-term effects on organizational culture and collaboration. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(A).
Introduction
The bonus structure is only rewarded to the top 10% of those who perform. The principle looks fair and clear. In practice, employees just beneath the cutoffs feel like they’ve been cheated. Equity Theory provides the explanation for why the small difference causes a significant drop in performance.
Concept and Application
What Equity Theory Says
Equity Theory is the idea that employees measure their own output ratio against others. Input is
Q2 (B) A multinational organization is facing rising tensions between its marketing and finance departments. The marketing head consistently requests increased funds for new campaigns, while the finance head insists on cost control due to limited budget. Meetings have become unproductive, with both sides defending their perspectives and failing to reach consensus. The CEO wants to foster a collaborative climate and resolve this interdepartmental impasse to ensure both strategic innovation and financial sustainability. Evaluate the effectiveness of different conflict management strategies (competition, compromise, collaboration, avoidance, and accommodation) that the CEO might employ in this scenario. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(B).
Introduction
Marketing demands more funds. Finance needs cost control. Both sides believe that their viewpoint is correct, so the meetings don’t go anywhere. Five strategies for managing conflict can assist the CEO to break the impasse and re-establish an effective working relationship.
Concept and Application
Competition and Its Limits Here
It is a situation where one party wins and the other one loses. It is possible for the CEO to simply
Quantitative Methods – I
Dec 2026 Examination
NMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 Sample
Q1 A retail chain prided itself on aligning snack offerings with customer preferences, historically finding that 40% of customers favored healthy snacks. After changing suppliers, a sample of 150 recent sales transactions shows a new proportion of healthy-snack purchases. The market research analyst is tasked with evaluating, using statistical methods and z-scores for proportions, whether this change reflects a genuine shift in customer taste or random sampling variation. How should the market research analyst apply z-score formulas for proportions to assess if the adjusted snack assortment aligns with customer preferences, given recent survey results and comparison with established proportions? Provide a framework for the analysis and discuss its practical implications for stock management. (10 Marks)
Ans 1.
Introduction
Retailers have always believed that the 40% of its customers would prefer healthier snacks. This belief came from years of research. In the event of a supplier change this notion needs to be examined again. A sample of 150 recent transactions shows a different percentage of snacks that are healthy. Can this new figure show a real shift in customer perception of food? Is it simply some random change in a regular samples? A z-score test for specific proportions can help
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Q2 (A) A leading e-commerce company is analyzing customer purchase behaviors to optimize inventory. The data science team must ensure that probability concepts such as mutually exclusive, overlapping, and independent events are correctly applied when modeling the likelihood of customers purchasing specific combinations of products. Senior management notices that sometimes probabilities are incorrectly added or multiplied without checking event types, leading to errors in sales forecasting and inventory management. Evaluate the consequences of misapplying the addition and multiplication theorems of probability in the context of this company’s inventory planning. Critically assess how recognizing the distinctions between mutually exclusive, overlapping, independent, and dependent events can improve accuracy in sales forecasts and resource allocation decisions. Justify strategies to avoid these analytical mistakes. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(A).
Introduction
Probability rules appear simple on paper. Take one form of event. Multiply to get another event. In the end, mixing event types will result in incorrect numbers rapidly. Bad numbers lead to poor estimates and stock-buying decisions that are bad.
Concept and Application
mutually exclusive vs. overlapping Events
Event that is mutually exclusive will not happen together. One customer may purchase only one
Q2 (B) An insurance company has designed a life policy where payments to members are made on their 65th birthday and every subsequent 5th year. Historical data shows the average lifespan of policyholders is 67.2 years with a standard deviation of 4.8 years, and lifespan is assumed to follow a normal distribution. Recently, under the normal distribution assumption, the estimated probabilities are that 32.28% of members receive no payment, 28.1% receive two or more payments, and 4.78% receive exactly three payments (between 75 and 80 years lifespan). The policy team is considering whether the interpretation of these statistics is appropriate for financial forecasting and risk management. Critically evaluate the suitability of using the normal distribution assumptions in predicting insurance payouts for this policy. Justify whether the decision-making processes based on these probabilities reflect real-world claim risks and suggest how management could improve their forecasting accuracy given the organizational context. (5 Marks)
Ans 2(B).
Introduction
The insurance company believes that the lifespan is a normal distribution. This assumption drives every payout probability it calculates. The actual data on human lifespan does not necessarily match a perfectly normal curve. The gap is important for financial forecasting.
Concept and Application
“Turnitin’s guidance on plagiarism”
NMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DECNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 SampleNMIMS 1st Semester DEC 2026 Sample 2026 Sample