Description

SESSION	JULY-AUGUST 2024
PROGRAM	BACHELOR OF COMMERECE (B.COM)
SEMESTER	IV
COURSE CODE & NAME	DCM2204 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

 

 

Set – 1

 

 

1. Describe the Forest Resource. Distinguish the causes and effects of deforestation. 3+7

Ans 1.

Forest Resource

Forests are one of the most vital natural resources on Earth, providing a wide range of ecological, economic, and social benefits. They serve as the lungs of the planet, producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide, which helps in mitigating climate change. Forests are home to a vast array of biodiversity, supporting millions of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. They also offer essential resources such as timber, fuel, medicinal plants, and food products. Furthermore, forests play a critical role in regulating water cycles, preventing

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2. Explain Environment Impact Assessment in detail.

Ans 2.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a critical process designed to evaluate the potential environmental consequences of proposed development projects or policies before they are implemented. It aims to ensure that decision-makers consider environmental factors alongside economic and social considerations, promoting sustainable development and minimizing harm to ecosystems. EIA serves as a tool to predict and mitigate adverse impacts on the environment

 

 

3. Define Ecosystem. Explain the structure and function of the ecosystem.

Ans 3.

An ecosystem is a complex, self-regulating system where living organisms (biotic components) interact with one another and with their non-living (abiotic) environment. It encompasses all forms of life in a specific area, such as plants, animals, microorganisms, and their physical surroundings like soil, water, and air. Ecosystems can vary in size, from a small pond to an expansive forest or the entire planet.

Structure of an Ecosystem

The structure of an ecosystem includes its biotic and abiotic components. The biotic

 

Set – 2

 

                                          

4. Describe the threat and conservation of biodiversity in the modern world.

Ans 4.

Biodiversity, the variety of life on Earth, is critical for maintaining ecosystem balance and supporting human life. It encompasses the diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems. However, modern challenges threaten biodiversity globally, creating a need for urgent conservation efforts.

Threats to Biodiversity

1. Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: Urbanization, deforestation, and agriculture expansion are major causes of habitat destruction. Fragmentation isolates species

 

5. Define the classification of Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste.

Ans 5.

Solid Waste Classification

Solid waste refers to unwanted or discarded materials from households, industries, agriculture, and other sectors. It is classified based on origin, composition, and degradability:

1. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): Includes waste from households, offices, and commercial establishments, such as food scraps, paper, plastic, and glass.
2. Industrial Waste: Generated by manufacturing and industrial processes, including metal scraps, chemicals, and ash.
3. Agricultural Waste: Comprises crop residues, animal manure, and pesticides used in

 

 

 

6. Write a note on the use and overuse of natural resources.

Ans 6.

Natural resources are the foundation of human survival and economic development. They include renewable resources like water, forests, and solar energy, as well as non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels, minerals, and metals. These resources are used to meet basic human needs, including food, shelter, and energy, and are integral to the functioning of industries, agriculture, and technology. However, the growing human population and increasing consumption have led to the overuse of natural resources, threatening their