NMIMS MBA 1st SEM DEC 2025 Solved Assignments
Business Communication
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A popular food delivery startup faces a sudden backlash on social media after a viral post alleges poor hygiene at one of its partner restaurants. Negative comments and shares are rapidly increasing across Facebook and Twitter, threatening the company’s reputation. The communications team must act quickly to address the issue, engage with concerned customers, and demonstrate transparency. They are considering which business communication strategies on social networks will be most effective in crisis management and reputation recovery. Given the situation, how should the communications team apply business communication strategies on social networks to manage the crisis and restore public trust? (10 Marks)
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Q2. A company receives a request from a valued partner institution to use its facilities for an upcoming event. Due to a scheduling conflict with a major internal meeting, the company must refuse the request. The relationship with the partner is important for ongoing collaboration. The management is debating whether to use a direct approach (stating the refusal upfront) or an indirect approach (buffering the message and building up to the refusal) to minimize disappointment and preserve goodwill. Assess the effectiveness of the direct and indirect approaches in delivering negative messages within organizations, using the example of refusing a routine request from a long- standing partner. Critique the potential impact of each approach on stakeholder relationships and organizational reputation. Which approach would you recommend in this scenario, and why? (10 Marks)
Q3(A). A recent graduate with limited work experience is struggling to secure interviews in a saturated job market. They are aware that many opportunities are not advertised publicly and want to proactively build a network for referrals, mentorship, and access to the hidden job market. How can the graduate leverage digital platforms (e.g., LinkedIn, alumni networks) and in-person events to build a network that uncovers hidden opportunities? Provide 3 key strategies. (5 Marks)
Q3(B). A job seeker with several employment gaps and multiple short-term roles is concerned about how these aspects will be perceived by recruiters. How can the candidate reframe these concerns on their resume and cover letter to emphasize adaptability, continuous learning, or other positive attributes? Provide 3 key strategies. (5 Marks)
Financial Accounting
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. TechGen Inc. is closing its fiscal year and has encountered a day with multiple complex transactions: it purchased office equipment worth Rs. 50,000 on credit, paid monthly office rent of Rs. 15,000 by cheque, and received Rs. 25,000 in cash for consultancy services. The accounting team is required to ensure that each transaction is recorded in compliance with the double-entry system and the golden rules of accounting, and that the entries are correctly posted to the respective ledger accounts to maintain the integrity of the financial records. Based on the scenario, how should the accounting manager at TechGen Inc. apply the principles of the double-entry system and the golden rules of accounting to ensure accurate recording of a complex transaction involving the purchase of office equipment on credit, payment of rent by cheque, and receipt of consultancy income in cash? Illustrate the process by detailing the journal entries and their subsequent posting to the ledger. (10 Marks)
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Q2. From the following Trial Balance of M/s Orion Traders as on 31st March 2024, along with the additional year-end adjustments, prepare the final Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2024 and the Balance Sheet as at that date.
You must:
(a) correctly adjust for all items including depreciation, outstanding and prepaid expenses, provision for bad debts, and income received in advance;
(b) interpret the impact of each adjustment on both statements; and
(c) ensure all figures are correctly classified and presented.
Trial Balance of M/s Orion Traders as on 31st March 2024
| Account Head | Debit (Rs.) | Credit (Rs.) |
| Capital | – | 8,00,000 |
| Sales | – | 12,00,000 |
| Purchases | 7,70,000 | – |
| Sales Returns | 30,000 | – |
| Discount Allowed | 12,000 | – |
| Administrative Expenses | 1,20,000 | – |
|
Accounts Receivable |
2,00,000 |
– |
| Accounts Payable | – | 1,10,000 |
|
Fixed Assets |
4,00,000 |
– |
|
Bank and Cash Balances |
1,50,000 |
– |
| Interest Earned | – | 20,000 |
| Rent Paid | 38,000 | – |
| Selling & Advertisement
Expense |
60,000 |
– |
|
Opening Stock |
2,00,000 |
– |
|
Closing Stock |
1,50,000 |
– |
|
21,30,000 |
21,30,000 |
Additional Adjustments:
- Depreciate fixed assets by 10%.
- Outstanding administrative expenses Rs.15,000.
- Prepaid rent Rs.6,000.
- Create a provision for bad and doubtful debts at 5% of accounts receivable after writing off Rs.10,000 as bad debts.
- Interest earned includes Rs.5,000 received in advance for the next year.
- Goods worth Rs.20,000 were sent on approval and remain unsold at year-end (these goods are included both in sales and closing stock).
Prepare:
– Final Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2024
– Balance Sheet as at 31st March 2024, showing all workings and adjustments clearly. (10 Marks)
Q3(A) A mid-sized enterprise is planning to expand into new markets and invest in advanced technology. The management team is overwhelmed by the volume and complexity of financial data presented in the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. They need a practical, integrated framework that will help them interpret these statements, assess the company’s financial health, and make informed decisions about capital allocation, risk management, and growth strategies. You have been brought in as a financial consultant to develop this framework. Create a decision- making framework for business managers that synthesizes information from the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement to support long-term strategic planning. Illustrate how this framework can be used to evaluate investment opportunities and manage financial risks. (5 Marks)
Q3 (B). A publicly traded company has recently issued convertible debentures, conducted a share buyback, and paid both cumulative and non-cumulative preference dividends. As the fiscal year ends, the finance department must calculate and report both basic and diluted EPS, ensuring that the impact of potential equity dilution is clearly communicated to investors and analysts who rely on these metrics for investment decisions. Design a comprehensive earnings per share (EPS) reporting strategy for a listed company with a complex capital structure, including convertible securities and share buybacks, to provide clear insights into both basic and diluted EPS for current and potential investors. (5 Marks)
Micro Economics & Macro Economics
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A new artisanal ice cream brand, CreamCraze, is planning to launch in Mumbai next summer. Since this is their first product launch and no historical sales data is available, the marketing team is struggling to estimate demand for the first quarter. The product is niche, targeting health-conscious millennials with unique flavors like avocado-mint and jaggery-coconut. The company wants to minimize risk by predicting demand as accurately as possible before finalizing production and marketing budgets. They are considering applying the Delphi method for demand forecasting by seeking opinions from industry experts, food bloggers, and specialty dessert shop owners.
Using the above scenario, explain how you would apply the Delphi method to forecast demand for CreamCraze. Justify your approach by showing how this method would help in making informed production and marketing decisions for the product launch. (10 Marks)
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Q2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) like face masks surged unexpectedly, leading to severe shortages and skyrocketing prices. Governments worldwide responded by imposing price ceilings, rationing supplies, and incentivizing domestic production. While these measures aimed to ensure equitable access, they also led to issues such as black marketing and quality concerns. As the pandemic progressed, increased production and new market entrants eventually stabilized prices and supply. Policymakers are now reviewing the outcomes to design better interventions for future emergencies. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of government interventions such as price ceilings and minimum support prices (MSP) in stabilizing markets during periods of extreme demand or supply shocks. In your assessment, weigh the potential benefits and unintended consequences for both consumers and producers, and recommend improvements to these policies for future crises. (10 Marks)
Q3(A) A mid-sized organic dairy company, PurePastures, has been steadily growing its operations over the past five years. Initially, it operated a single processing unit producing 5,000 liters of milk products daily. Recently, it expanded to three processing units in different cities, invested in high-capacity pasteurizers, and negotiated bulk purchase agreements with local farmers, reducing per-unit input costs. Additionally, the local government has invested in better rural roads and cold- chain facilities, making transportation faster and cheaper for all dairy producers in the region.
Analyze the scenario to identify and explain the internal economies of scale and external economies of scale that PurePastures is experiencing. How might these economies impact the company’s cost structure and competitive position in the long run? (5 Marks)
Q3(B) In the agricultural heartland of Punjab, hundreds of small farmers grow wheat and sell it in a government-regulated mandi. All farmers produce wheat of identical quality, and prices are determined entirely by the prevailing market rate announced daily at the mandi. No single farmer can influence the price, and buyers have full information about quality and prices from all sellers. Entry and exit in wheat farming are relatively easy, and farmers can switch to other crops if market conditions change.Recently, a group of farmers is debating whether they should form a cooperative to collectively brand and market their wheat at a premium price. Some believe this will increase their bargaining power, while others argue that the nature of the wheat market makes such efforts ineffective.
Evaluate whether the wheat market described above meets the conditions of perfect competition. In your answer, identify the key features of perfect competition present in the scenario, and justify whether forming a cooperative would alter the market structure or the farmers’ ability to influence prices. (5 Marks)
Marketing Management
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A leading automotive company is launching a new electric vehicle (EV) model in a market where traditional gasoline cars dominate. Despite growing environmental awareness, many consumers remain unfamiliar with EV technology and are concerned about cost, charging infrastructure, and reliability. The marketing team must apply the buyer decision process—need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior—to systematically address consumer concerns and facilitate the transition from initial awareness to regular use of the new EV. In the context of the scenario, how can marketers apply the stages of the buyer decision process to guide consumers from awareness to adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), addressing barriers at each stage? (10 Marks)
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Q2. Sweet Delights, a small bakery, initially priced its new gourmet cupcakes using a cost-plus model, focusing on covering production costs and adding a standard markup. However, after realizing this method might overlook the unique value perceived by customers, the bakery switched to a customer value-based pricing strategy. They gathered customer feedback on premium flavors and quality, discovering that customers were willing to pay more for uniqueness. Sweet Delights also analyzed competitors’ pricing, noting a wide range in the market, and ultimately set their prices between the highest and average market rates to attract value-seeking customers without losing competitiveness. Critically evaluate Sweet Delights’ decision to shift from a cost-plus pricing model to a customer value-based pricing strategy for their gourmet cupcakes. Considering the feedback from customers and the competitive landscape, assess the effectiveness of this transition and justify whether this approach best positions the company for long-term profitability and brand differentiation. (10 Marks)
Q3 (A). Crescent Beverages, a mid-sized beverage company, has struggled to compete with established brands like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Despite offering quality products, the company is perceived as a generic alternative, resulting in low brand awareness and weak customer loyalty. The management recognizes the need for a transformative branding strategy that not only differentiates its products but also builds a strong emotional connection with health-conscious consumers. The company is open to innovative approaches that leverage digital engagement, storytelling, and consistent messaging across channels. Design an innovative branding strategy for a mid-sized beverage company facing low brand recognition and weak customer loyalty in a market dominated by global giants. Your strategy should synthesize elements of brand positioning, emotional connection, and customer engagement to create a compelling value proposition and foster long-term loyalty. How would you ensure the strategy remains adaptable to evolving market trends? (5 Marks)
Q3 (B) A leading consumer goods company is under increasing pressure from stakeholders and consumers to adopt sustainable business practices. The company wants to go beyond compliance and embed sustainability into its core marketing activities—from product development and pricing to promotion and distribution. As the chief marketing strategist, you are responsible for designing a comprehensive approach that not only differentiates the brand but also delivers measurable benefits to customers and the broader community. Create a sustainable marketing strategy for a consumer goods company that integrates environmental and social responsibility into every stage of the marketing process. How would your strategy ensure both competitive advantage and genuine value creation for customers and society? (5 Marks)
Organizational Behavior
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A multinational IT company recently underwent significant downsizing due to economic pressures, resulting in remaining employees taking on additional responsibilities and longer working hours. Several employees, including team leads, have reported increased stress, declining morale, and symptoms of burnout. The HR manager is tasked with developing a strategy to address these issues and restore a healthy work environment. The company has limited resources but is committed to employee well-being and productivity. Based on the scenario, how should the HR manager apply the Job Demands-Resources (JDR) model to redesign roles and resources in order to prevent employee burnout and improve engagement in the aftermath of a major downsizing event? (10 Marks)
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Q2. A large retail organization is undergoing a digital transformation, requiring significant changes in processes and employee roles. The CEO has adopted a situational leadership approach, providing directive leadership to less experienced teams and delegating to more mature teams. Despite these efforts, resistance to change persists in some departments, and performance outcomes are mixed. The board is seeking an evaluation of the leadership approach and recommendations for improvement based on contingency and situational leadership theories. Critique the application of contingency and situational leadership theories in managing organizational change during a major digital transformation initiative. Evaluate the leader’s effectiveness in adapting their style to team readiness and contextual demands, and justify alternative approaches where necessary. (10 Marks)
Q3(A). A mid-sized enterprise is facing issues with job performance and employee satisfaction. Some employees feel their abilities exceed their current roles, leading to frustration, while others struggle to meet job demands due to skill gaps. The organization wants to ensure a high ability-job fit, maximize productivity, and create opportunities for continuous learning and growth, all while maintaining team harmony and motivation. Design a talent management strategy that optimally matches employees’ intellectual and physical abilities to job roles. (5 Marks)
Q3(B). A technology company experiencing rapid expansion is facing challenges in maintaining high employee motivation and aligning individual achievements with organizational objectives. The current reward system is outdated, leading to decreased engagement and innovation. Leadership wants to implement a new reward system that leverages reinforcement strategies and incorporates insights from classical, operant, cognitive, and social learning theories to drive both personal and organizational growth. Design a comprehensive organizational reward system for a rapidly growing technology firm. (5 Marks)
Quantitative Methods – I
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A call center receives an average of 4 customer complaints per hour. Past records indicate that complaints arrive independently and follow a Poisson distribution. The center operates from 9 AM to 5 PM with 8 working hours per day.
- What is the probability that exactly 3 complaints will be received in a randomly chosen hour?
- What is the probability that no complaints will be received in the first hour after opening?
- Based on your calculations, explain whether it is unusual for the call center to have zero complaints in any given hour. Use probability values to justify your answer in context (10 Marks)
Q2. A manufacturing company produces ball bearings with diameters that are normally distributed, having a mean diameter of 50 mm and a standard deviation of 0.02 mm. For quality control, any ball bearing with a diameter less than 49.97 mm or greater than 50.03 mm is considered defective.
From a day’s production of 10,000 ball bearings:
- Calculate the expected number of defective ball bearings.
- Evaluate if the defect rate meets the company’s target of keeping defects below 2%. (10 Marks)
Q3 (A). A machine is designed to fill bottles with 500 ml of juice. A sample of 16 bottles has a mean fill of 495 ml and a standard deviation of 8 ml. At the 5% level of significance, apply an appropriate hypothesis test to determine whether the machine is underfilling bottles. Assume the population is normally distributed. (5 Marks)
Q3(B). A real estate analyst wants to study the relationship between the size of a house (in square meters) and its market price (in Rs. lakhs) using simple linear regression. The following data is collected for 6 houses:
| House | Size (X) in sq. m | Price (Y) in Rs. lakhs |
|
1 |
140 |
85 |
|
2 |
160 |
95 |
|
3 |
170 |
98 |
|
4 |
180 |
102 |
|
5 |
200 |
110 |
|
6 |
210 |
115 |
Task:
- Calculate the regression equation of Y on X.
- Using this equation, predict the market price of a house with an area of 190 sq. m. Round all final answers to two decimal places. (5 Marks)
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